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FIGURE 4 in Biogeography and divergence time estimation of the relict Cape dragonfly genus Syncordulia: global significance and implications for conservation

FIGURE 4. Ancestral distributions; DIVA analysis optimized with 2 regions; larger letters indicate the scenarios discussed in the text

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FIGURE 1. Strict consensus tree from a in Biogeography and divergence time estimation of the relict Cape dragonfly genus Syncordulia: global significance and implications for conservation

FIGURE 1. Strict consensus tree from a PAUP parsimony heuristic search; 10,000 addition sequence replicates; bootstrap support shown above branches

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FIGURE 2. Consensus tree from a in Biogeography and divergence time estimation of the relict Cape dragonfly genus Syncordulia: global significance and implications for conservation

FIGURE 2. Consensus tree from a PHASE analysis; 10 million generations. Posterior probabilities shown above branches

Figure 14. Ebrachosuchus neukami Kuhn, 1936, BSPG 1931 X 501. A in Redescription of the phytosaurs Paleorhinus ('Francosuchus') angustifrons and Ebrachosuchus neukami from Germany, with implications for Late Triassic biochronology

Figure 14. Ebrachosuchus neukami Kuhn, 1936, BSPG 1931 X 501. A, cross section (from CT data) through premaxillary rosette. B–H, series of transverse cross sections (from CT data) in posterior view moving from anterior (B) to posterior (H). Positions of sections are shown in Figure 9. B, section across the premaxillae approximately 60 mm anterior to the external nares. C, section across the rostrum at a point level with the anterior end of the external nares. D, section across rostrum, immediately posterior to external nares. E, section across rostrum, choanae, and antorbital fenestra, at approximate midpoint of antorbital fenestra. F, section across frontal, prefrontal, lacrimal, and jugal, a short distance anterior to the anterior margin of the orbit. G, section across the anterior margin of the orbit. H, section across orbits at their midpoint. Bone is white to light grey in colour, sediment and reconstructed bone is dark grey in colour, air is black. Abbreviations: afen, antorbital fenestra; alv, alveolus; cho, choana; clt, cultriform process; cr, crown; ect, ectoptergoid; edt, edentulous region of premaxilla; en, external naris; fr, frontal; intpms, interpremaxillary suture; itf, infratemporal fenestra; jg, jugal; jgc, canal within body of jugal; jgfo, fossa on lateral surface of jugal; jgri, ridge on lateral surface of jugal; lc, lacrimal; lccn, lacrimal canal, with smaller canals branching off it ventrally and laterally; lcfl, medial flange of the lacrimal; max, maxilla; mcv, median cavity; na, nasal; nacon, concavity on ventral surface of nasal; nvc, neurovascular canal; orb, orbit; pal, palatine; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; prf, prefrontal; prod, pre-orbital depression; pt, pterygoid; sep, 'septomaxilla'; sub, suborbital fenestra; v, vomer. Numbers indicate tooth positions in the premaxillary rosette.

Figure 17 in Redescription of the phytosaurs Paleorhinus ('Francosuchus') angustifrons and Ebrachosuchus neukami from Germany, with implications for Late Triassic biochronology

Figure 17. Strict component consensus (SCC) tree of 15 MPTs of 117 steps generated by the phylogenetic analysis. Bootstrap proportions are listed to the lower left of nodes (only for clades with bootstrap proportions of more than 50%). Decay indices are listed to the upper left of nodes (only for clades with a decay index of more than 1). In addition to the clades marked, a bootstrap proportion of 59% was found for a Brachysuchus + Angistorhinus clade (although this does not appear in the SCC).

Figure 13. Ebrachosuchus neukami Kuhn, 1936, BSPG 1931 X 501 in Redescription of the phytosaurs Paleorhinus ('Francosuchus') angustifrons and Ebrachosuchus neukami from Germany, with implications for Late Triassic biochronology

Figure 13. Ebrachosuchus neukami Kuhn, 1936, BSPG 1931 X 501. Close-up photographs of holotype skull. A, braincase and posterior palate in ventral view. B, choanae, vomers, and palatines in ventral view. C, right ectopterygoid, suborbital fenestra, and surrounding areas in ventral view. Abbreviations: afpt, anterior flange of the pterygoid; atpal, anterior termination of the palatine; bpt, basipterygoid process; brk, broken surface of palatal; bt, basal tuber; cho, choana; clt, cultriform process; conc, concavity on ventral surface of basisphenoid; dep, depression; ect, ectopterygoid; ectf, ectopterygoid foramen; for, foramen; ft, flattened posterior surface of basal tuber; lfpt, lateral flange of pterygoid; max, maxilla; mppt, medial process of pterygoid; occ, occipital condyle; pal, palatine; par, paroccipital process; pm, premaxilla; ppect, posterior process of ectopterygoid; qdpt, quadrate process of pterygoid; slt, median slot on basioccipital between basal tubera; stgr, stapedial groove; sub, suborbital fenestra; v, vomer.

Figure 16 in Redescription of the phytosaurs Paleorhinus ('Francosuchus') angustifrons and Ebrachosuchus neukami from Germany, with implications for Late Triassic biochronology

Figure 16. Paleorhinus sp., BSPG 1931 X 503. Interpretive line drawings in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. Dark grey areas represent sediment. Cross hatched areas are broken surfaces. Abbreviations: afen, antorbital fenestra; cho, choana; ect, ectopterygoid; jg, jugal; lc, lacrimal; max, maxilla; na, nasal; pal, palatine; pm, premaxilla; pt, pterygoid; sm, 'septomaxilla'; sub, suborbital foramen; unid, unidentified bone fragment; v, vomer.

Figure 12. Ebrachosuchus neukami Kuhn, 1936, BSPG 1931 X 501 in Redescription of the phytosaurs Paleorhinus ('Francosuchus') angustifrons and Ebrachosuchus neukami from Germany, with implications for Late Triassic biochronology

Figure 12. Ebrachosuchus neukami Kuhn, 1936, BSPG 1931 X 501. Close-up photographs of holotype skull. A, left infratemporal region in lateral view. B, foramen magnum and supraoccipital in posterior view. C, quadrate and distal end of paroccipital process in posterior view. Abbreviations: avpsq, anteroventral process of the squamosal; bo, basioccipital; bt, basal tuber; fm, foramen magnum; fo, fossa; for, foramina; itf, infratemporal fenestra; lfqd, lateral flange of the quadrate; opsq, opisthotic process of the squamosal; orb, orbit; oto, otooccipital; par, paroccipital process; po, postorbital; por, ridge along lateral margin of postorbital; ptf, posttemporal foramen; ptqd, pterygoid wing of the quadrate; qd, quadrate; qdc, quadrate condyles; qf, quadrate foramen; qj, quadratojugal; sq, squamosal; stf, supratemporal fenestra.

Figure 10. Ebrachosuchus neukami Kuhn, 1936, BSPG 1931 X 501 in Redescription of the phytosaurs Paleorhinus ('Francosuchus') angustifrons and Ebrachosuchus neukami from Germany, with implications for Late Triassic biochronology

Figure 10. Ebrachosuchus neukami Kuhn, 1936, BSPG 1931 X 501. Interpretive line drawings of holotype skull in dorsal (A), ventral (B), posterior (C), and left lateral (D) views. Dark grey areas represent sediment. Light grey areas represent recessed areas of bone (antorbital fossa). Cross hatched areas are broken or restored surfaces. Abbreviations: afen, antorbital fenestra; afos, antorbital fossa; bo, basoccipital; bsp, basisphenoid; bt, basal tubera; cho, choana; cr, crown; ect, ectopterygoid; en, external naris; fm, foramen magnum; fo, fossa; fr, frontal; itf, infratemporal fenestra; jg, jugal; lc, lacrimal; max, maxilla; na, nasal; orb, orbit; pa, parietal; pal, palatine; par, paroccipital process; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pof, postfrontal; prf, prefrontal; pt, pterygoid; ptf, posttemporal foramen; qd, quadrate; qf, quadrate foramen; qj, quadratojugal; sm, 'septomaxilla'; so, supraoccipital; sq, squamosal; stf, supratemporal fenestra; sub, suborbital fenestra; v, vomer.

Figure 7 in Anatomy, histology, and systematic implications of the head ornamentation in the males of four species of Limnonectes (Anura: Dicroglossidae)

Figure 7. Phylogeny depicting hypothesized relationships between the caruncle-bearing Limnonectes and their allies. Greyscale bars indicate taxa considered in this study and in previous studies to comprise monophyletic groups.

Figure 4 in Anatomy, histology, and systematic implications of the head ornamentation in the males of four species of Limnonectes (Anura: Dicroglossidae)

Figure 4. Comparative overview of the histological structure of the caruncles in the four species of Limnonectes: A, Limnonectes dabanus; B, Limnonectes gyldenstolpei; C, Limnonectes macrognathus; D, Limnonectes plicatellus. Note that in spite of the fundamentally differing external morphology, the histology is virtually identical: a size-variable pad of connective tissue (ct) lies between the skin (sk) and the parietal bone (pb). Scale bars: 2 mm.

Figure 5 in Anatomy, histology, and systematic implications of the head ornamentation in the males of four species of Limnonectes (Anura: Dicroglossidae)

Figure 5. Details of the histological structure of the caruncle. A, dorsal portion of the caruncle parasagitally sectioned and showing the typically layered skin, with underlying connective tissue (ct). Abbreviations: ct, connective tissue; lc, lamina calcarea; sc, stratum corneum; sco, stratum compactum; sg, stratum germinativum; ss, stratum spongiosum. B, transverse section through the lateral margin showing the overall homogeneity of the caruncle. C, D, irregular osseous projections (op) of the parietal bone at the anterior margin of the caruncle. E, detail of dense connective tissue. F, cleavage within the connective tissue of a flap-like caruncle. G, detail of the connective tissue showing capillaries (arrowheads) of various dimensions and fat cells (fc). Limnonectes macrognathus is shown in (A), (D), and (E); L. gyldenstolpei is shown in (B), (F), and (G); L. dabanus is shown in (C). Scale bars: A, D, E, G, 100 μm; C, 200 μm; B, F, 500 μm.

Figure 3 in Anatomy, histology, and systematic implications of the head ornamentation in the males of four species of Limnonectes (Anura: Dicroglossidae)

Figure 3. Radiographs of the four species of Limnonectes examined in the present study in dorsal (top row), ventral (middle row), and lateral (bottom row) views. Note the translucent caruncle and the underlying osseous bulging of the parietal bone, most pronounced in Limnonectes dabanus (arrowhead). The arrows indicate the concave lateral curvature of the anterior ramus of the pterygoid bone. Only the dorsal images are to scale. Scale bar: 1 cm.

Figure 2 in Anatomy, histology, and systematic implications of the head ornamentation in the males of four species of Limnonectes (Anura: Dicroglossidae)

Figure 2. Head of a male Limnonectes gyldenstolpei, mediosagittally split. The actual specimen is shown on the left, whereas the right-hand image shows the H&E stained surface of the corresponding view. Note the flap-like caudad curve of the posterior margin of the caruncle (ca). Abbreviations: br, brain; ca, caruncle; to, tongue. Scale bar: 1 cm.

Figure 1 in Anatomy, histology, and systematic implications of the head ornamentation in the males of four species of Limnonectes (Anura: Dicroglossidae)

Figure 1. Appearance of caruncles in dorsal (top row), lateral (middle row), and frontal (bottom row) views of the four species of Limnonectes. Only the dorsal images are to scale. Scale bar: 1 cm.

Figures 172–175 in An integrative study of Necremnus Thomson (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) associated with invasive pests in Europe and North America: taxonomic and ecological implications

Figures 172–175. Necremnus tidius, scutellum-propodeum. 172, ♀ (Nec-23/NT123); 173, ♀ (Nec 113/NT131); 174, ♂ (Nec- 31/NT124); 175, ♂ (Nec-115/NT132).

Figures 133–138. Necremnus hippia. 133 in An integrative study of Necremnus Thomson (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) associated with invasive pests in Europe and North America: taxonomic and ecological implications

Figures 133–138. Necremnus hippia. 133, ♀ face (2013-40); 134, ♀ fore wing base (Nec-126/NT136); 135, ♀ antenna (Nec-126/NT136); 136, ♂ antennae (2013-39); 137, ♂ antenna (2013-38); 138, ♂ scape (2012-46; slide preparation). Arrows denote width of speculum in 134, multiporous plate sensilla in 136 and 137, and basal- and apical-most sensillum in 138.

Figures 117–124. Necremnus hippia. 117–122 in An integrative study of Necremnus Thomson (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) associated with invasive pests in Europe and North America: taxonomic and ecological implications

Figures 117–124. Necremnus hippia. 117–122, ♀ lectotype: 117, dorsal habitus; 118, antennae; 119, dorsal mesosoma; 120, tegula (arrow); 121, scutellum-propodeum; 122, fore wing base. 123, N. hippia, ♀ paralectotype (= Necremnus aenigmaticus), tegula (arrow). 124, Eulophus cyrinus, ♀ syntype.

Figures 103–110. Necremnus duplicatus. 103, 104 in An integrative study of Necremnus Thomson (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) associated with invasive pests in Europe and North America: taxonomic and ecological implications

Figures 103–110. Necremnus duplicatus. 103, 104, ♀ habitus (2012-27): 103, dorsal; 104, lateral. 105, 106, ♂ habitus: 105, dorsal (2013-36); 106, lateral (2012-17). 107, ♀ dorsal mesosoma (2012-27). 108, ♀ tegula (arrow). 109, 110, ♀ metanotum and propodeum: 109, scanning electron microscopy; 110, macrophotography (2012-27).

Figures 98–102 in An integrative study of Necremnus Thomson (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) associated with invasive pests in Europe and North America: taxonomic and ecological implications

Figures 98–102. Necremnus aenigmaticus sp. nov. 98, 99, ♂ allotype: 98, lateral habitus; 99, antennae. 100, ♀ face (2013-45). 101, ♀ lateral head and antennae (holotype). 102, ♂ scape (2011-15; slide preparation, arrows point to basal- and apical-most sensillum).