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12,871 results for “aging;”
Data from: Zinc supplementation inhibits complement activation in age-related macular degeneration
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the Western world. AMD is a multifactorial disorder but complement-mediated inflammation at the level of the retina plays a pivotal role. Oral zinc supplementation can reduce the progression of AMD but the precise mechanism of this protective effect is as yet unclear. We investigated whether zinc supplementation directly affects the degree of complement activation in AMD and whether there is a relation between serum complement catabolism during zinc administration and the complement factor H (CFH) gene or the Age-Related Maculopathy susceptibility 2 (ARMS2) genotype. In this open-label clinical study, 72 randomly selected AMD patients in various stages of AMD received a daily supplement of 50 mg zinc sulphate and 1 mg cupric sulphate for three months. Serum complement catabolism–defined as the C3d/C3 ratio–was measured at baseline, throughout the three months of supplementation and after discontinuation of zinc administration. Additionally, downstream inhibition of complement catabolism was evaluated by measurement of anaphylatoxin C5a. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of zinc on complement activation in vitro. AMD patients with high levels of complement catabolism at baseline exhibited a steeper decline in serum complement activation (p<0.001) during the three month zinc supplementation period compared to patients with low complement levels. There was no significant association of change in complement catabolism and CFH and ARMS2 genotype. In vitro zinc sulphate directly inhibits complement catabolism in hemolytic assays and membrane attack complex (MAC) deposition on RPE cells. This study provides evidence that daily administration of 50 mg zinc sulphate can inhibit complement catabolism in AMD patients with increased complement activation. This could explain part of the mechanism by which zinc slows AMD progression.
Data from: Towards a self-updating platform for estimating rates of speciation and migration, ages, and relationships of taxa
Rapidly growing biological data –including molecular sequences and fossils– hold an unprecedented potential to reveal how evolutionary processes generate and maintain biodiversity. However, researchers often have to develop their own idiosyncratic workflows to integrate and analyse these data for reconstructing time-calibrated phylogenies. In addition, divergence times estimated under different methods and assumptions, and based on data of various quality and reliability, should not be combined without proper correction. Here we introduce a modular framework termed SUPERSMART (Self-Updating Platform for Estimating Rates of Speciation and Migration, Ages, and Relationships of Taxa), and provide a proof of concept for dealing with the moving targets of evolutionary and biogeographical research. This framework assembles comprehensive datasets of molecular and fossil data for any taxa and infers dated phylogenies using robust species tree methods, also allowing for the inclusion of genomic data produced through next-generation sequencing techniques. We exemplify the application of our method by presenting phylogenetic and dating analyses for the mammal order Primates and for the plant family Arecaceae (palms). We believe that this framework will provide a valuable tool for a wide range of hypothesis-driven research questions in systematics, biogeography, and evolution. SUPERSMART will also accelerate the inference of a "Dated Tree of Life" where all node ages are directly comparable.
Data from: Individual shifts toward safety explain age-related foraging distribution in a gregarious shorebird
Although age-related spatial segregation is ubiquitous, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we aim to elucidate the processes behind a previously established age-related foraging distribution of red knots (Calidris canutus canutus) in their main wintering area in West Africa (Banc d'Arguin, Mauritania). Based on 10 years of observations of 1232 uniquely color-ringed individuals of 1 to 18+ years old, we examined whether the observed age-related foraging distribution resulted from 1) spatial differences in mortality or 2) age-related shifts in habitat use. Using multistate capture–recapture modeling, we showed that with age foraging red knots moved away from the shoreline, that is, to areas with fewer surprise attacks by raptors. Considering uncertainties in the subjective gradient in predation danger with increasing distance from shore (as assessed from correlations between vigilance and distance from shore in foraging birds), we applied 2 different danger zone boundaries, at 40 m and 500 m from shore. Between years, red knots had a much higher chance to move from the dangerous nearshore area to the "safe" area beyond (71–78% and 26% for 40-m and 500-m danger zone boundary, respectively), than vice versa (4% and 14%). For neither danger zone boundary value did we find differences in annual mortality for individuals using either dangerous or safe zone, so the move away from the shore with age is attributed to individual careers rather than differential mortality. We argue that longitudinal studies like ours will reveal that ontogenetic shifts in habitat use are more common than so far acknowledged.
Data from: The effect of deleterious mutations and age on recombination in Drosophila melanogaster
At the population level, recombination mediates the efficiency with which selection can eliminate deleterious mutations. At the individual level, deleterious alleles may influence recombination, which would change the rate at which linkage disequilibrium is eroded and thereby alter the efficiency with which deleterious alleles are purged. Here we test whether the presence of a deleterious allele on one autosome affects recombination on another autosome. We find that deleterious alleles not only alter the rate but also the pattern of recombination. However, there is little support that different deleterious alleles affect recombination in a consistent manner. Because we have detailed information on individual females across their life times, we are able to examine how recombination patterns change with age and find that these patterns are also affected by the presence of deleterious alleles. The differences among genotypes or among age classes is large enough to add substantial noise to genetic mapping experiments that do not consider these sources of variation.
Data from: Adult dietary protein has age- and context-dependent effects on male post-copulatory performance
The highly-conserved effect of dietary protein restriction on life-span and ageing is observed in both sexes and across a vast range of taxa. This extension of life-span is frequently accompanied by a reduction in female fecundity and it has been hypothesised that individuals may reallocate resources away from reproduction and into somatic maintenance. However, effects of dietary protein restriction on male reproduction are less consistent, suggesting that these effects may depend on other environmental parameters. Using the neriid fly, Telostylinus angusticollis, we examined age-specific effects of adult dietary protein restriction on male post-copulatory reproductive performance (fecundity and offspring viability). To explore the context-dependence of these effects, we simultaneously manipulated male larval diet and adult mating history. We found that protein-restricted males sired less viable offspring at young ages, but offspring viability increased with paternal age and eventually exceeded that of fully-fed males. The number of eggs laid by females was not affected by male dietary protein, whereas egg hatching success was subject to a complex interaction of male adult diet, age, larval diet, and mating history. These findings suggest that effects of protein restriction on male reproduction are highly context-dependent, and cannot be explained by a simple reallocation of resources from reproduction to somatic maintenance. Rather, these effects appear to involve changes in the scheduling of male reproductive investment with age.
Data from: Two sources of bias explain errors in facial age estimation
Accurate age estimates underpin our everyday social interactions, the provision of age-restricted services and police investigations. Previous work suggests that these judgments are error-prone, but the processes giving rise to these errors are not understood. Here we present the first systematic test of bias in age estimation using a large database of standardized passport images of heterogeneous ages (n = 3948). In three experiments we tested a range of perceiver age groups (n = 84), and found average age estimation error to be approximately 8 years. We show that this error can be attributed to two separable sources of bias. First, and accounting for the vast majority of variance, our results show an assimilative serial dependency whereby estimates are systematically biased towards the age of the preceding face. Second, younger faces are generally perceived to be older than they are, and older faces to be younger. In combination, these biases account for around 95% of variance in age estimates. We conclude that that perception of age is modulated by representations that encode both a viewer's recent and normative exposure to faces. The finding that age perception is subject to strong top-down influences based on our immediate experience has implications for our understanding of perceptual processes involved in face perception, and for improving accuracy of age estimation in important real world tasks.
Data from: Aging, mortality, and the fast growth trade-off of Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Replicative aging has been demonstrated in asymmetrically dividing unicellular organisms, seemingly caused by unequal damage partitioning. Although asymmetric segregation and inheritance of potential aging factors also occurs in symmetrically dividing species, it nevertheless remains controversial whether this results in aging. Based on large-scale single-cell lineage data obtained by time-lapse microscopy with a microfluidic device, in this report, we demonstrate the absence of replicative aging in old-pole cell lineages of Schizosaccharomyces pombe cultured under constant favorable conditions. By monitoring more than 1,500 cell lineages in seven different culture conditions, we showed that both cell division and death rates are remarkably constant for at least 50–80 generations. Our measurements revealed that the death rate per cellular generation increases with division rate, pointing to a physiological trade-off with fast growth under balanced growth conditions. We also observed the formation and inheritance of Hsp104-associated protein aggregates, which are a potential aging factor in old-pole cell lineages, and found that these aggregates exhibited a tendency to preferentially remain at the old-poles for several generations. However, the aggregates were eventually segregated from old-pole cells upon cell division and probabilistically allocated to new-pole cells. We found that cell deaths were typically preceded by sudden acceleration of protein aggregation, thus relatively large amount of protein aggregates existed at the very ends of the dead cell lineages. Our lineage tracking analyses, however, revealed that the quantity and inheritance of protein aggregates increased neither cellular generation time nor cell death initiation rates. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that unusually large amounts of protein aggregates induced by oxidative stress exposure did not result in aging; old-pole cells resumed normal growth upon stress removal, despite the fact that most of them inherited significant quantities of aggregates. These results collectively indicate that protein aggregates are not a major determinant of triggering cell death in S. pombe, and thus cannot be an appropriate molecular marker or index for replicative aging under both favorable and stressful environmental conditions.
FIGURE 11 in On the Eocene age of Limodromus Motschulsky, 1850, with description of L. hoffeinsorum sp. n. from Baltic Amber (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Platynini)
FIGURE 11. Limodromus hoffeinsorum sp. n., reconstruction of the external shape in dorsal view.
ASD specific data set An. aging
<p>These are the *.asd specific files from the spectrometer.</p>
Age-Specific Mortality Climate Impact Distributions
<p>Percentiles of age-specific mortality impacts due to climate change, organized by level of aggregation, climate scenario, and time period.</p> <p>Mortality impacts are estimated by applying future climate data to dose-response functions of mortality rates for specific age bands.</p> <p>The uncertainty represented by these percentiles comes from a combination of statistical uncertainty in the dose-response functions, climate uncertainty across GCMs, and within-month weather realization, as sampled by Monte Carlo runs.</p> <p>The archive contains four folders: county_20a with county-level impacts, state_20yr with state-aggregated impacts, nca_20yr with NCA-region aggregated impacts, and national_20y with nationally aggregated impacts. Aggregation is weighted by population within each region</p> <p>The files are labeled as follow:</p> <p>health-mortage-<BAND>-<RCP>-<YEAR><SUFFIX>.</p> <p>The age BAND is one of 0-0 (newborns), ages 1 - 44, 45 - 64, and 65-inf (older than 64). The RCP may be RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, RCP 6.0, or RCP 8.5; the years are "2020", for average impacts during 2020 - 2039, "2040" for impacts 2040 - 2059, and "2080" for impacts 2080 - 2099. Files with the suffix 'b.csv' contain percent changes; those with the suffix '-absolute.csv' contain level changes in MT.</p> <p>The columns of these files specify the region (using the FIPS code for counties), and the quantiles from 1% ("q0.01") to 99% ("q0.99").</p> <p><em>This data is provided for non-commercial research and educational purposes.</em></p>
All-Age Mortality Climate Impact Distributions
<p>Percentiles of all-age mortality impacts due to climate change, organized by level of aggregation, climate scenario, and time period.</p> <p>Mortality impacts are estimated by applying future climate data to dose-response functions of mortality rates.</p> <p>The uncertainty represented by these percentiles comes from a combination of statistical uncertainty in the dose-response functions, climate uncertainty across GCMs, and within-month weather realization, as sampled by Monte Carlo runs.</p> <p>The archive contains four folders: county_20a with county-level impacts, state_20yr with state-aggregated impacts, nca_20yr with NCA-region aggregated impacts, and national_20y with nationally aggregated impacts. Aggregation is weighted by population within each region</p> <p>The files are labeled as follow:</p> <p>health-mortality-<RCP>-<YEAR><SUFFIX>.</p> <p>The RCP may be RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, RCP 6.0, or RCP 8.5; the years are "2020", for average impacts during 2020 - 2039, "2040" for impacts 2040 - 2059, and "2080" for impacts 2080 - 2099. Files with the suffix 'b.csv' contain percent changes; those with the suffix '-absolute.csv' contain level changes in MT.</p> <p>The columns of these files specify the region (using the FIPS code for counties), and the quantiles from 1% ("q0.01") to 99% ("q0.99").</p> <p><em>This data is provided for non-commercial research and educational purposes.</em></p>
Effects of aging on eye movements in the real world
<p>The effects of aging on eye movements are well studied in the laboratory. Increased saccade latencies or decreased smooth-pursuit gain are well established findings. The question remains whether these findings are influenced by the rather untypical environment of a laboratory; that is, whether or not they transfer to the real world. We measured 34 healthy participants between the age of 25 and 85 during two everyday tasks in the real world: (I) walking down a hallway with free gaze, (II) visual tracking of an earth-fixed object while walking straight-ahead. Eye movements were recorded with a mobile light-weight eye tracker, the EyeSeeCam (ESC). We find that age significantly influences saccade parameters. With increasing age, saccade frequency, amplitude, peak velocity, and mean velocity are reduced and the velocity/amplitude distribution as well as the velocity profile become less skewed. In contrast to laboratory results on smooth pursuit, we did not find a significant effect of age on tracking eye-movements in the real world. Taken together, age-related eye-movement changes as measured in the laboratory only partly resemble those in the real world. It is well-conceivable that in the real world additional sensory cues, such as head-movement or vestibular signals, may partially compensate for age-related effects, which, according to this view, would be specific to early motion processing. In any case, our results highlight the importance of validity for natural situations when studying the impact of aging on real-life performance.</p>
Age-induced midbrain-striatum assembloid models early phenotypes of Parkinson's disease
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Calibration Data for Kinematic Stellar Age Models
<p>https://github.com/ssagear/KinematicAgePredictor</p>
"THE IMPORTANCE OF TEACHING YOUNG AGE LEARNERS ENGLISH LANGUAGE"
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Second wave, late-phase neuroinflammation in the brain of aged 5xFAD transgenic Alzheimer's disease model mice iden-tified using macrolaser light sheet microscopy imaging with tissue clearing
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Early-age hydration behaviour of Seawater-mixed LWAC
<p>The following files consists of data from the original article "Seawater-Mixed Lightweight Aggregate Concretes with Dune Sand, Waste Glass and Nanosilica: Experimental and Life Cycle Analysis" published in International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials.</p><p>Link to access the article at source: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40069-023-00613-4#article-info</p><p>The data set consists of heat of hydration at an instantaneous time and cumulative heat of hydration up to 7 days of hydration are included. Furthermore, the dataset consists of information on the particle size distribution of the raw materials (CEM III and nano-Silica) used in this research work. </p><p>The origin file consists of three sheet with following information.</p><p>First sheet consists of Particle size distribution of CEM III and nano Silica.</p><p>Second sheet consists of cumulative heat of hydration up to 7 days for specimens TW0, SW0, TW3, and SW3.</p><p>Third sheet consists of heat flow at instantaneous time up to 7 days for specimens TW0, SW0, TW3, and SW3.</p><p>ID description:</p><p>TW0 - CEM III mixed with Tap water</p><p>SW0 - CEM III mixed with Seawater</p><p>TW3 - CEM III + 3% nano-Silica mixed with Tap water<br>SW3 - CEM III + 3% nano-Silica mixed with Seawater</p><p>PS - The attached file could be opened only with ORIGIN 2021b or any other compatible versions of the same software</p>
TO ASSESS THE FREQUENCY OF IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA AND HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION AMONG SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN WITH CHRONIC GASTRODUODENAL PATHOLOGY
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TEACHING A LANGUAGE FROM AN EARLY AGE. DOUBTS ABOUT TEACHING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE TO BABIES
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"PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE AS THE MOST FAVORABLE PERIOD FOR THE DISCLOSURE OF A CHILD'S CREATIVE POTENTIAL."
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.