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FIGURE 8 in On some encrusting Xeniidae (Octocorallia): Re-examination of the type material of Sansibia flava (May, 1898) and a description of new taxa
FIGURE 8. Latissimia opalia gen. nov. sp. nov. (A) Holotype (QM G339447) with expanded polyps emerging from the encrusting spreading membrane. (B–H) Paratype colonies.
FIGURE 1 in On some encrusting Xeniidae (Octocorallia): Re-examination of the type material of Sansibia flava (May, 1898) and a description of new taxa
FIGURE 1. Distribution map of the material examined in the current study. Color shades on the background represent different marine realms. TA = Tropical Atlantic, TSAM = Temperate Southern America, TSA = Temperate Southern Africa, WI-P = Western Indo-Pacific, CI-P = Central Indo-Pacific, and TAA = Temperate Australasia.
FIGURE 4 in On some encrusting Xeniidae (Octocorallia): Re-examination of the type material of Sansibia flava (May, 1898) and a description of new taxa
FIGURE 4. Sansibia flava (May, 1898) (SMNHTAU_Co_36007): (A) Ellipsoid platelets. (B) Tips of calcite rods providing a granular appearance to the sclerite surface.
FIGURE 6 in On some encrusting Xeniidae (Octocorallia): Re-examination of the type material of Sansibia flava (May, 1898) and a description of new taxa
FIGURE 6. Sansibia claereboudti sp. nov.: (A) Holotype (RMNH Coel. 42915). (B) Enlarged portion of (A) marked by dashed rectangle, arrows indicate clusters of polyps. (C) Paratype colonies (RMNH Coel. 42916) attached to calcareous substrate.
FIGURE 3 in On some encrusting Xeniidae (Octocorallia): Re-examination of the type material of Sansibia flava (May, 1898) and a description of new taxa
FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites of Sansibia flava (May, 1898). Holotype (ZMH C 2570): (A) Ellipsoid platelets. (B) Tips of calcite rods more or less perpendicular to the surface of the sclerite, giving it a granular appearance.
FIGURE 2 in On some encrusting Xeniidae (Octocorallia): Re-examination of the type material of Sansibia flava (May, 1898) and a description of new taxa
FIGURE 2. Sansibia flava (May, 1898): morphology of colonies. (A) Holotype (ZMH C 2570) comprises three fragments, one shown here. SMNHTAU_Co_36007: (B) Colony attached to calcareous substrate. (C) Magnified part of colony.
FIGURE 7 in On some encrusting Xeniidae (Octocorallia): Re-examination of the type material of Sansibia flava (May, 1898) and a description of new taxa
FIGURE 7. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites of Sansibia claereboudti sp. nov. Holotype (RMNH Coel. 42915): (A) Ellipsoid platelets. (B) Tips of calcite rods provide uniform granular appearance to the sclerite surface.
Subspecies and Distribution. V. v. vulpes Linnaeus, 1758 — N Europe (Scandinavia). V. v. abietorum Merriam, 1900 — SW Canada (Alberta & British Columbia). V. v. aegyptiacus Sonnini, 1816 — Egypt, Israel, and Lybia. V. v. alascensis Merriam, 1900 — Alaska and NW Canada (NW Territories & Yukon). V. v. alpheraky: Satunin, 1906 — Kazakhstan. V. v. anatolica Thomas, 1920 — Turkey. V. v. arabica Thomas, 1902 — Arabian peninsula. V. v. atlantica Wagner, 1841 — Algeria (forested Atlas Mts). V. v. bangsi Merriam, 1900 — NE Canada (Labrador). V. v. barbara Shaw, 1800 — NW Africa (Barbary Coast). V. v. beringiana Middendorff, 1875 — NE Siberia (shore of Bering Strait). V. v. cascadensis Merriam, 1900 — NW USA (Cascade Mountains, Oregon & Washington). V. v. caucasica Dinnik, 1914 — SW Russia (Caucasus). V. v. crucigera Bechstein, 1789 — Europe through N & C Russia. V. v. daurica Ognev, 1931 — E Russia (Amur, Siberia & Transbaikalia). V.v. deletrix Bangs, 1898 — NE Canada (Newfoundland). V. v. dolichocrania Ognev, 1926 — SE Siberia (S Ussuri). V. v. flavescens Gray, 1843 — N Iran. V. v. fulva Desmarest, 1820 — E USA. V. v. griffith: Blyth, 1854 — Afghanistan and N Pakistan. V.v. harrimani Merriam, 1900 — Alaska (Kodiak I). V. v. hoole Swinhoe, 1870 — S China (Fujian to Sichuan). V. v. ichnusae G. S. Miller, 1907 — Corsica and Sardinia. V. v. induta G. S. Miller, 1907 — Cyprus. V. v. jakutensis Ognev, 1923 — E Siberia (S of Yakutsk). V. v. japonica Gray, 1868 — Japan. V. v. karagan Erxleben, 1777 — Mongolia, Kazakhstan, and Kirgizstan. V. v. kenaiensis Merriam, 1900 — Alaska (Kenai Peninsula). V. v. kurdistanica Satunin, 1906 — Armenia and NE Turkey. V. v. macroura Baird, 1852 — USA (Mountain States). V. v. montana Pearson, 1836 — Himalayas form China (Yunnan) to C Pakistan. V. v. mecator Merriam, 1900 — SW USA (California & Nevada). V. v. ochroxantha Ognev, 1926 — E Russian Turkestan, Aksai, Kirgizstan, Semirechie. V. v. palaestina Thomas, 1920 —Jordan and Lebanon. V.v. peculiosa Kishida, 1924 — Korea. V. v. pusilla Blyth, 1854 — NW India to Irak. V.v. regalis Merriam, 1900 — N Great Plains of Canada and USA. V. v. rubricosa Bangs, 1898 — E Canada. V.v. schrencki Kishida, 1924 — N Japan (Hokkaido) and NE Russia (Sakhalin). V. v. silacea G. S. Miller, 1907 — Iberian Peninsula. V.v. splendidissima Kishida, 1924 — E Russia (N & C Kurile Is). V. v. stepensis Brauner, 1914 — steppes of S Russia. V. v. tobolica Ognev, 1926 — Russia (lower basin of Ob River) V. v. tschiliensis Matschie, 1907 — NE China. Foxes of European origin were introduced into E USA and Canada in the 17" century, subsequently mixed with local subspecies. Also introduced to Australia in 1800s, and the Falkland Islands (Malvinas). in Canidae
Subspecies and Distribution. V. v. vulpes Linnaeus, 1758 — N Europe (Scandinavia). V. v. abietorum Merriam, 1900 — SW Canada (Alberta & British Columbia). V. v. aegyptiacus Sonnini, 1816 — Egypt, Israel, and Lybia. V. v. alascensis Merriam, 1900 — Alaska and NW Canada (NW Territories & Yukon). V. v. alpheraky: Satunin, 1906 — Kazakhstan. V. v. anatolica Thomas, 1920 — Turkey. V. v. arabica Thomas, 1902 — Arabian peninsula. V. v. atlantica Wagner, 1841 — Algeria (forested Atlas Mts). V. v. bangsi Merriam, 1900 — NE Canada (Labrador). V. v. barbara Shaw, 1800 — NW Africa (Barbary Coast). V. v. beringiana Middendorff, 1875 — NE Siberia (shore of Bering Strait). V. v. cascadensis Merriam, 1900 — NW USA (Cascade Mountains, Oregon & Washington). V. v. caucasica Dinnik, 1914 — SW Russia (Caucasus). V. v. crucigera Bechstein, 1789 — Europe through N & C Russia. V. v. daurica Ognev, 1931 — E Russia (Amur, Siberia & Transbaikalia). V.v. deletrix Bangs, 1898 — NE Canada (Newfoundland). V. v. dolichocrania Ognev, 1926 — SE Siberia (S Ussuri). V. v. flavescens Gray, 1843 — N Iran. V. v. fulva Desmarest, 1820 — E USA. V. v. griffith: Blyth, 1854 — Afghanistan and N Pakistan. V.v. harrimani Merriam, 1900 — Alaska (Kodiak I). V. v. hoole Swinhoe, 1870 — S China (Fujian to Sichuan). V. v. ichnusae G. S. Miller, 1907 — Corsica and Sardinia. V. v. induta G. S. Miller, 1907 — Cyprus. V. v. jakutensis Ognev, 1923 — E Siberia (S of Yakutsk). V. v. japonica Gray, 1868 — Japan. V. v. karagan Erxleben, 1777 — Mongolia, Kazakhstan, and Kirgizstan. V. v. kenaiensis Merriam, 1900 — Alaska (Kenai Peninsula). V. v. kurdistanica Satunin, 1906 — Armenia and NE Turkey. V. v. macroura Baird, 1852 — USA (Mountain States). V. v. montana Pearson, 1836 — Himalayas form China (Yunnan) to C Pakistan. V. v. mecator Merriam, 1900 — SW USA (California & Nevada). V. v. ochroxantha Ognev, 1926 — E Russian Turkestan, Aksai, Kirgizstan, Semirechie. V. v. palaestina Thomas, 1920 —Jordan and Lebanon. V.v. peculiosa Kishida, 1924 — Korea. V. v. pusilla Blyth, 1854 — NW India to Irak. V.v. regalis Merriam, 1900 — N Great Plains of Canada and USA. V. v. rubricosa Bangs, 1898 — E Canada. V.v. schrencki Kishida, 1924 — N Japan (Hokkaido) and NE Russia (Sakhalin). V. v. silacea G. S. Miller, 1907 — Iberian Peninsula. V.v. splendidissima Kishida, 1924 — E Russia (N & C Kurile Is). V. v. stepensis Brauner, 1914 — steppes of S Russia. V. v. tobolica Ognev, 1926 — Russia (lower basin of Ob River) V. v. tschiliensis Matschie, 1907 — NE China. Foxes of European origin were introduced into E USA and Canada in the 17" century, subsequently mixed with local subspecies. Also introduced to Australia in 1800s, and the Falkland Islands (Malvinas).
Subspecies and Distribution. C. t. thous Linnaeus, 1766 — N Brazil, the Guianas, and SE Venezuela. C. t. aquilus Bangs, 1898 — N Colombia, N Venezuela. C. t. azarae Wied-Neuwied, 1824 — NE & C Brazil. C. t. entrerianus Burmeister, 1861 — Argentina, Bolivia, S Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. C. t. germanus G. M. Allen, 1923 — Colombia (Bogota region). in Canidae
Subspecies and Distribution. C. t. thous Linnaeus, 1766 — N Brazil, the Guianas, and SE Venezuela. C. t. aquilus Bangs, 1898 — N Colombia, N Venezuela. C. t. azarae Wied-Neuwied, 1824 — NE & C Brazil. C. t. entrerianus Burmeister, 1861 — Argentina, Bolivia, S Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. C. t. germanus G. M. Allen, 1923 — Colombia (Bogota region).
Subspecies and Distribution. S. p. putorius Linnaeus, 1758 — E & SE USA (Mississippi, Alabama & N Florida, through Georgia, N to SC Pennsylvania). S. p. ambarvalis Bangs, 1898 — SE USA (Peninsular Florida). S. p. interrupta Rafinesque, 1820 — USA (Canadian border in Minnesota, C North Dakota, E Wyoming, E Colorado, W Oklahoma, NW Texas, south to C Texas, and east to the Mississippi River along Louisiana, Arkansas, Missouri & Iowa, up to Wisconsin. in Mephitidae
Subspecies and Distribution. S. p. putorius Linnaeus, 1758 — E & SE USA (Mississippi, Alabama & N Florida, through Georgia, N to SC Pennsylvania). S. p. ambarvalis Bangs, 1898 — SE USA (Peninsular Florida). S. p. interrupta Rafinesque, 1820 — USA (Canadian border in Minnesota, C North Dakota, E Wyoming, E Colorado, W Oklahoma, NW Texas, south to C Texas, and east to the Mississippi River along Louisiana, Arkansas, Missouri & Iowa, up to Wisconsin.
Subspecies and Distribution. S. p. pygmaea Thomas, 1898 — W Mexico (Pacific coastal regions of Sinaloa & Nayarit). S. p. australis Hall, 1938 — W Mexico (Pacific coastal region from Michoacan to Guerrero & Oaxaca). S. p. intermedia L.opez-Forment & Urbano, 1979 — W Mexico (Pacific coastal regions ofJalisco & Colima). in Mephitidae
Subspecies and Distribution. S. p. pygmaea Thomas, 1898 — W Mexico (Pacific coastal regions of Sinaloa & Nayarit). S. p. australis Hall, 1938 — W Mexico (Pacific coastal region from Michoacan to Guerrero & Oaxaca). S. p. intermedia L.opez-Forment & Urbano, 1979 — W Mexico (Pacific coastal regions ofJalisco & Colima).
Subspecies and Distribution. C. t. temminckii Vigors & Horsfield, 1827 — Sub-Himalayan region from Nepal, India and Bhutan S to Malaysia and Sumatra. C. t. dominicanorum Sclater, 1898 — S China. C. t. tnistis Milne-Edwards, 1872 — highlands of SW China. in Felidae
Subspecies and Distribution. C. t. temminckii Vigors & Horsfield, 1827 — Sub-Himalayan region from Nepal, India and Bhutan S to Malaysia and Sumatra. C. t. dominicanorum Sclater, 1898 — S China. C. t. tnistis Milne-Edwards, 1872 — highlands of SW China.
Subspecies and Distribution. F. c. chaus Schreber, 1777 — SE Turkey, Jordan, Israel, Lebanon, Irak, Syria, Iran, and N to the Caucasus Mountains, adjoining Russia, and E through region of Caspian and Aral Seas to W China. F. c. affinus Gray, 1830 — Sub-Himalayan region. F. c. fulvidina Thomas, 1929 — Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, also Myanmar and Thailand. F. c. kelaarti Pocock, 1939 — S India & Sri Lanka. F. c. kutas Pearson, 1832 — N India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. F. c. nilotica de Winton, 1898 — Egypt. in Felidae
Subspecies and Distribution. F. c. chaus Schreber, 1777 — SE Turkey, Jordan, Israel, Lebanon, Irak, Syria, Iran, and N to the Caucasus Mountains, adjoining Russia, and E through region of Caspian and Aral Seas to W China. F. c. affinus Gray, 1830 — Sub-Himalayan region. F. c. fulvidina Thomas, 1929 — Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, also Myanmar and Thailand. F. c. kelaarti Pocock, 1939 — S India & Sri Lanka. F. c. kutas Pearson, 1832 — N India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. F. c. nilotica de Winton, 1898 — Egypt.
Subspecies and Distribution. P.y. yagouaroundi Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803 — the Guianas highlands S to Amazon Basin of Brazil. P. y. ameghinoi Holmberg, 1898 — W Argentina (from Jujuy S to N Patagonia). P. y. cacomitli Berlandier, 1859 — NE Mexico, possibly extinct in S USA (Texas). P. y. eyra Fischer, 1814 — S Brazil through Paraguay to N Argentina. P.y. fossata Mearns, 1901 — S Mexico to Honduras. P.y. melantho Thomas, 1914 — Andean valleys of Peru and W Brazil (upper Amazonia). P.y. panamensis J. A. Allen, 1904 — Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, W Colombia to Ecuador. P.y. tolteca Thomas, 1898 — NW Mexico (Sinaloa), extinct in SW USA (Arizona). in Felidae
Subspecies and Distribution. P.y. yagouaroundi Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803 — the Guianas highlands S to Amazon Basin of Brazil. P. y. ameghinoi Holmberg, 1898 — W Argentina (from Jujuy S to N Patagonia). P. y. cacomitli Berlandier, 1859 — NE Mexico, possibly extinct in S USA (Texas). P. y. eyra Fischer, 1814 — S Brazil through Paraguay to N Argentina. P.y. fossata Mearns, 1901 — S Mexico to Honduras. P.y. melantho Thomas, 1914 — Andean valleys of Peru and W Brazil (upper Amazonia). P.y. panamensis J. A. Allen, 1904 — Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, W Colombia to Ecuador. P.y. tolteca Thomas, 1898 — NW Mexico (Sinaloa), extinct in SW USA (Arizona).
Subspecies and Distribution. E.f.fuscusPalisotdeBeauvois,1796—SECanadaandEUSA. E.f.bahamensisG.S.Miller,1897—Bahamas(NewProvidenceandSanSalvadorIs). E.f.bernardinusRhoads,1902—SWCanada(BritishColumbia)andWUSA. E.f.dutertreusP.Gervais,1837—Bahamas(Andros,Exumas,Long,Crooked,andAcklinsIs),Cuba,andCaymanIs(CaymanBrac). E.f.hispaniolaeG.S.Miller,1918—JamaicaandHispaniola. E.f.miradorensisH.Allen,1866—mostofMexico,CentralAmerica,andAndesofWVenezuela,NColombia,andNEcuador. E.f.osceolaRhoads,1902—-Florida,SEUSA. E.f.pallidusYoung,1908—WCCanada,C,WC&SWUSA,andNW&NCMexico. E.f.peninsulaeThomas,1898—BajaCaliforniaSur,NWMexico. E.f.petersoniSilva-Taboada,1974—IsladelaJuventud(Cuba). E. f. wetmorei H. T. T. Jackson, 1916 — Puerto Rico, Dominica, and Barbados. in Vespertilionidae
Subspecies and Distribution. E.f.fuscusPalisotdeBeauvois,1796—SECanadaandEUSA. E.f.bahamensisG.S.Miller,1897—Bahamas(NewProvidenceandSanSalvadorIs). E.f.bernardinusRhoads,1902—SWCanada(BritishColumbia)andWUSA. E.f.dutertreusP.Gervais,1837—Bahamas(Andros,Exumas,Long,Crooked,andAcklinsIs),Cuba,andCaymanIs(CaymanBrac). E.f.hispaniolaeG.S.Miller,1918—JamaicaandHispaniola. E.f.miradorensisH.Allen,1866—mostofMexico,CentralAmerica,andAndesofWVenezuela,NColombia,andNEcuador. E.f.osceolaRhoads,1902—-Florida,SEUSA. E.f.pallidusYoung,1908—WCCanada,C,WC&SWUSA,andNW&NCMexico. E.f.peninsulaeThomas,1898—BajaCaliforniaSur,NWMexico. E.f.petersoniSilva-Taboada,1974—IsladelaJuventud(Cuba). E. f. wetmorei H. T. T. Jackson, 1916 — Puerto Rico, Dominica, and Barbados.
FIGURE 1 in The second known specimen of a rare duckbill eel, Nettenchelys taylori Alcock 1898, collected from the Solomon Islands (Nettastomatidae)
FIGURE 1. Second known specimen of Nettenchelys taylori Alcock, 1898, MNHN 2006-0224, 414+ mm TL. A. Dorsal view, needle points to the opening of posterior nostril canal. B. Ventral view.
Subspecies and Distribution. G.l.longirostrisG.S.Miller,1898—N&EColombin,NVenezuela,includingsomeoffshoreIs,SWGuyana,andNBrazil(Roraima);alsoonAruba,Curacao,Bonaire,Margarita,andTrinidadIs. G.l.maricelaeSoriano,Farinas&Naranjo,2000—Venezuela(MéridaState). G.l.reclusaWebster&Handley,1986—upperMagdalenaValley,WColombia. G. l. rostrata G. S. Miller, 1913 — St. Vincent, Grenadines, Grenada, and Tobago Is. in Phyllostomidae
Subspecies and Distribution. G.l.longirostrisG.S.Miller,1898—N&EColombin,NVenezuela,includingsomeoffshoreIs,SWGuyana,andNBrazil(Roraima);alsoonAruba,Curacao,Bonaire,Margarita,andTrinidadIs. G.l.maricelaeSoriano,Farinas&Naranjo,2000—Venezuela(MéridaState). G.l.reclusaWebster&Handley,1986—upperMagdalenaValley,WColombia. G. l. rostrata G. S. Miller, 1913 — St. Vincent, Grenadines, Grenada, and Tobago Is.
Subspecies and Distribution. G.s.soricinaPallas,1766—SouthAmericaEoftheAndesStoBolivia,Paraguay,SBrad,andNAching,eatinSorenandTrinidadIs. G.s.antillarumRehn,1902—Jamaica. G.s.handleyiWebster&J.K.Jones,1980—fromW&EMexicolowlandsthroughCentralAmericatoNWSouthAmerica(NW&WColombia). G.s.muticaMerriam,1898—MariasIs,offPacificcoastofMexico. G. s. valens G. S. Miller, 1913 — South America W of the Andes in W Ecuador and W Peru. in Phyllostomidae
Subspecies and Distribution. G.s.soricinaPallas,1766—SouthAmericaEoftheAndesStoBolivia,Paraguay,SBrad,andNAching,eatinSorenandTrinidadIs. G.s.antillarumRehn,1902—Jamaica. G.s.handleyiWebster&J.K.Jones,1980—fromW&EMexicolowlandsthroughCentralAmericatoNWSouthAmerica(NW&WColombia). G.s.muticaMerriam,1898—MariasIs,offPacificcoastofMexico. G. s. valens G. S. Miller, 1913 — South America W of the Andes in W Ecuador and W Peru.
Subspecies and Distribution. M.m.microtisG.S.Miller,1898—AtlanticcoastofNicaraguaStoColombia,Venezuela,theGuianas,Brazil,andEBolivia(SantaCruzDepartment);alsoanisolatedrecordfromNWArgentina(SaltaProvince). M. m. mexicana G. S. Miller, 1898 — WC & NE Mexico from Jalisco and Tamaulipas S to the Pacific coast of Costa Rica. in Phyllostomidae
Subspecies and Distribution. M.m.microtisG.S.Miller,1898—AtlanticcoastofNicaraguaStoColombia,Venezuela,theGuianas,Brazil,andEBolivia(SantaCruzDepartment);alsoanisolatedrecordfromNWArgentina(SaltaProvince). M. m. mexicana G. S. Miller, 1898 — WC & NE Mexico from Jalisco and Tamaulipas S to the Pacific coast of Costa Rica.
Subspecies and Distribution. B.j.javanicusd'Alton,1823—Java,perhapsBali. B.j.birmanicusLydekker,1898—AsianmainlandincludingMyanmar,SChina(SYunnan,currentpresenceuncertain),Laos,Vietnam,Thailand,Cambodia,andNPeninsularMalaysia. B. j. low: Lydekker, 1912 — Borneo. The domestic form of the Banteng has been introduced, and is now feral, in N Australia, New Guinea, and on various islands of Indonesia (Bali, Sangihe, Sulawesi, Sumbawa, Sumba, and Enggano) and occurs in domestication throughout the islands of SE Asia. in Bovidae
Subspecies and Distribution. B.j.javanicusd'Alton,1823—Java,perhapsBali. B.j.birmanicusLydekker,1898—AsianmainlandincludingMyanmar,SChina(SYunnan,currentpresenceuncertain),Laos,Vietnam,Thailand,Cambodia,andNPeninsularMalaysia. B. j. low: Lydekker, 1912 — Borneo. The domestic form of the Banteng has been introduced, and is now feral, in N Australia, New Guinea, and on various islands of Indonesia (Bali, Sangihe, Sulawesi, Sumbawa, Sumba, and Enggano) and occurs in domestication throughout the islands of SE Asia.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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OpenNeuro
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