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Figs 642-657 in Revision of the Wasps Genus Ammophila KIRBY 1798 (Hymenoptera Apoidea Sphecidae) of the Palearctic Region and India

Figs 642-657: A. borealis: (642) female head in frontal view, (643, 644) submarginal cells of female, (645) female foretarsomeres I-II, (646) female flagellum, (647) pronotal collar of male in lateral view, (648) pronotal collar of female in lateral view, (649, 650) submarginal cells of male, (651) penis valve in lateral view, (652) gonostyle in ventral view, (653) male head in frontal view, (654) male flagellum, (655) gonostyle in lateral view, (656) volsella, (657) penis valve in ventral view (LI & YANG 1990: 264).

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Figs 11-17 in Revision of the Wasps Genus Ammophila KIRBY 1798 (Hymenoptera Apoidea Sphecidae) of the Palearctic Region and India

Figs 11-17: (11) A. sabulosa: forewing; (12) A. barbara: forewing; (13) A. campestris: forewing; (14) A. guichardi: foretarsomeres; (15) A. zimmermannae: clypeus lateral; (16) A. ohli: clypeus lateral; (17) A. guichardi: clypeus.

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Figs 1-10 in Revision of the Wasps Genus Ammophila KIRBY 1798 (Hymenoptera Apoidea Sphecidae) of the Palearctic Region and India

Figs 1-10: (1) Eremnophila and (2) Ammophila: lateral view of anterior half of thorax (es = episternal sulcus); (3) Podalonia: gastral segments I-II lateral and ventral; (4) Ammophila: gastral segments I-II lateral and ventral; (5) Parapsammophila and (6) Eremochares: posterior view of petiole socket, hindcoxa, and propodeal sternite (solid black); (7) lateral view of hindtarsal claw with basal tooth; (8) Hoplammophila: male genitalia; (9) Parapsammophila: foretarsomere I of female; (10) Hoplammophila: foretarsomere I of female; (BOHART & MENKE 1976).

Figs. 57–58 in Biology and Morphology of the Immature Stages of the Cleptoparasitic Bee Coelioxys chichimeca (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae)

Figs. 57–58. SEM micrographs of fifth instar of Coelioxys chichimeca. 57. Head, near frontal view. 58. Head, lateral view. 59. Spiracle, now with rim.

Figs. 41–50 in Biology and Morphology of the Immature Stages of the Cleptoparasitic Bee Coelioxys chichimeca (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae)

Figs. 41–50. SEM micrographs of third instar of Coelioxys chichimeca. 41. Entire larva, lateral view. 42. Head, near frontal view. 43. Head, lateral view. 44. Close-up of hypostomal tubercle of another specimen, showing setalike sensilla compared with those of second instar, 45. Left mandible, dorsal view showing reduced basal tubercles, absence of outer spine on apical part of mandible, and elongate, fanglike apex. 46. Antenna, lateral view. 47–50. Spiracles of abdominal segment 5–8, respectively, all to same scale, showing size increases of atrial opening; nature of material in 8th spiracle not understood but occurs in another specimen as well.

Figs. 38–40 in Biology and Morphology of the Immature Stages of the Cleptoparasitic Bee Coelioxys chichimeca (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae)

Figs. 38–40. Microphotographs of third instar of Coelioxys chichimeca. 38. Entire larva, lateral view, showing elongate shape, constriction behind head, reduced size of abdominal segments 9 and 10. 39. Head of cast skin, ventral view, showing sclerites of labiomaxillary region, hypopharyngeal lobes, and postoccipital bridge. 40. Same, lateral view, showing posterior extension of parietal, cardo, and labium to form ventral postoccipital bridge. PTP 5 posterior tentorial pit.

Fig. 32 in Biology and Morphology of the Immature Stages of the Cleptoparasitic Bee Coelioxys chichimeca (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae)

Fig. 32. Microphotograph of cast exuviae of first instar of Coelioxys chichimeca appressed to inner surface of chorion, showing mandibular apices and small tubercle at outer base of each. Figs. 33–37. SEM micrographs of second instar of Coelioxys chichimeca. 33. Entire larva, lateral view, showing reduced abdominal segments 9 and 10 and enlarged spiracles on abdominal segments 6–8. 34. Head, near frontal view from below, showing armature of base of mandible and spine on outer surface of apical part of mandible. 35. Head, lateral view. PTP 5 posterior tentorial pit. 36. Antenna, lateral view. 37. Close-up of hypostomal tubercle identified by rectangle in figure 35.

Figs. 15–19 in Biology and Morphology of the Immature Stages of the Cleptoparasitic Bee Coelioxys chichimeca (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae)

Figs. 15–19. Photomicrographs of Coelioxys chichimeca. 15–17. Three frames of single third instar demonstrating reach of activity while posterior end attached to egg chorion imbedded in cell wall. 18. Closeup of head of another third instar showing spread of mandibles enabling it to seize victim immediately on contact. 19. Second instar immersed in nectar while posterior end attached to chorion inserted in cell wall under pollen layer of provisions.

Figs. 20–23 in Biology and Morphology of the Immature Stages of the Cleptoparasitic Bee Coelioxys chichimeca (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae)

Figs. 20–23. SEM micrographs of mature oocytes of Coelioxys chichimeca. 20, 21. Entire oocyte, dorsal and anterodorsal views, respectively. 22. Close-up of micropylar area of 21. 23. Entire oocyte, near ventral view, demonstrating thinness of torn ventral chorion, near ventral view.

Figs. 9–14 in Biology and Morphology of the Immature Stages of the Cleptoparasitic Bee Coelioxys chichimeca (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae)

Figs. 9–14. Microphotographs of egg and egg insertions of Coelioxys chichimeca in cells of Centris cornuta. 9. Individual egg extracted from cell wall. 10. Egg in shallow pit. 11. Eclosing second instar with head emerged from chorion. 12. Egg with dark mandibles and parietals of second instar visible. 13. Egg insertion pit where only chorion of cleptoparasite remains. 14. Egg insertion pit lacking evidence of egg.

Figs. 1–7 in Biology and Morphology of the Immature Stages of the Cleptoparasitic Bee Coelioxys chichimeca (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae)

Figs. 1–7. Photographs of trap nests and the trap-nesting sites at Hacienda Monteverde, where Centris bicornuta was induced to nest. 1. Approximate position of three sites (A, B, C) in the forest along the northern edge of a large agricultural area. 2, 3. Trap nests hung from nails driven into trees and branches at sites A and C, respectively. 4. Close-up of one trap nest consisting of 10 individual sticks. 5. Female perched outside nest waiting for host female to enter or leave (photo courtesy of Rollin Coville). 6. Individual sticks being held to retrieve emerging adults of host and cleptoparasites. 7. An individual nest stick opened to reveal nest structure and immatures.

Figs. 68–73 in Biology and Morphology of the Immature Stages of the Cleptoparasitic Bee Coelioxys chichimeca (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae)

Figs. 68–73. Diagrams of immatures of Coelioxys chichimeca. 68. Entire fifth larval instar, lateral view (scale 5 1 mm). 69. Male pupa, lateral view (scale 5 1 mm). 70. Length of longest seta from pupal mesoscutum (left) compared with that from metasomal T2 (right). 71–73. Enlarged metasomal apex of male pupa, dorsal, ventral, and lateral views, respectively, in maximum profile, all to same scale.

Figs. 24–31 in Biology and Morphology of the Immature Stages of the Cleptoparasitic Bee Coelioxys chichimeca (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae)

Figs. 24–31. Microphotographs of cleared exoskeleton of second instar of Coeliooxys chichimeca. 24. Mouthparts, frontal view, showing lobes of hypopharynx. 25. Spiracle and section of lateral tracheal trunks. 26. Close-up of spiracle showing details of atrium, chamber of primarily spiracular opening, and subatrium, side view. Figs. 27–31. SEM micrographs of spiracles of abdominal segments 5–8, respectively, showing size increases. 27. Close-up of atrial wall identified by rectangle in fig. 31. 28–31. Exterior views of spiracles on segments 5–8 respectively, to same scale, showing size increase.

Figs. 51–56 in Biology and Morphology of the Immature Stages of the Cleptoparasitic Bee Coelioxys chichimeca (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae)

Figs. 51–56. SEM micrographs of fourth instar of Coelioxys chichimeca. 51. Head, frontal view. 52. Head of another specimen, lateral view. 53. Hypostomal tubercle, frontal view, with sensilla greatly reduced in size. 54. Antenna, approximate frontal view. 55. Right mandible, outer view. 56. Spiracle.

Figs. 60–67 in Biology and Morphology of the Immature Stages of the Cleptoparasitic Bee Coelioxys chichimeca (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae)

Figs. 60–67. Right mandible of larval instars 2–5 of Coelioxys chichimeca, respectively, dorsal and outer views; latter with their apices in maximum profile (all to same scale).

Figs. 23, 24 in Last Larval Instar and Mature Oocytes of the Old World Cleptoparasitic Bee Stelis murina, Including a Review of Stelis Biology (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Megachilinae: Anthidiini)

Figs. 23, 24. Macrophotographs of cleared specimen of Stelis murina. 23. Spiracle, seen from inside body, showing spines on atrial wall and subparallel-sided subatrium. 24. Pleural swelling of abdominal segment 8 (identified by polygon), showing abundant setae and position of spiracle.

Figs. 13–15 in Last Larval Instar and Mature Oocytes of the Old World Cleptoparasitic Bee Stelis murina, Including a Review of Stelis Biology (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Megachilinae: Anthidiini)

Figs. 13–15. Macrophotographs of head of Stelis murina, showing pattern and configuration of pigmentation, frontal (13), lateral (14), and ventral (15) views.

Fig. 1 in Last Larval Instar and Mature Oocytes of the Old World Cleptoparasitic Bee Stelis murina, Including a Review of Stelis Biology (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Megachilinae: Anthidiini)

Fig. 1. Map showing the position of study sites 1 and 2 (Tel el-Kebir) and sites 3 and 4 (El- Huseiniya) in the vicinity of the Nile River Delta, northern Egypt.

Figs. 9–12 in Last Larval Instar and Mature Oocytes of the Old World Cleptoparasitic Bee Stelis murina, Including a Review of Stelis Biology (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Megachilinae: Anthidiini)

Figs. 9–12. Diagrams of mature larva of Stelis murina. 9. Entire larva with setae omitted, lateral view; scale line 5 1.0 mm. 10, 11. Right mandible showing little wear, dorsal view and outer view (latter view with apex in maximum profile), respectively. 12. Right mandible of another larva showing excessive wear, so that dorsal tooth completely absent and lower tooth greatly rounded, outer view. All mandibles to same scale. Scale line 5 1.0 mm refers to fig. 9.

Figs. 7, 8 in Last Larval Instar and Mature Oocytes of the Old World Cleptoparasitic Bee Stelis murina, Including a Review of Stelis Biology (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Megachilinae: Anthidiini)

Figs. 7, 8. SEM micrographs of egg of Osmia submicans. 7. Anterior end, rectangle identifying positions of micropyle. 8. Close-up of micropyle identified by rectangle in fig. 7.