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Fig. 4 in From forests to cattail: how does the riparian zone influence stream fish?

Fig. 4. Biplot resulting from Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling Analysis (NMDS) with presence and absence data showing ordination of sample units that represent each stream group: preserved (PRE, open circles), intermediate (INT, dark circles), and degraded sites (DEG, triangles). NMDS biplot exhibited stress value of 0.15 in 2-dimension, indicating good to potential useful interpretation (Clarke & Warwick, 2001).

Fig. 5 in From forests to cattail: how does the riparian zone influence stream fish?

Fig. 5. Biplot of the Partial Redundancy Analysis (pRDA) on fish species composition (see abbreviations on Table 2) and abiotic variables relationships (arrows). Species with low abundance were not represented in the biplot following the option "orditorp r" in the package vegan of the software R 2.11.1.

Fig. 3 in From forests to cattail: how does the riparian zone influence stream fish?

Fig. 3. Sample-based rarefaction curve (Obs) and richness estimation curves (Chao 1) by 50 randomizations against cumulative samples of the preserved (PRE), intermediate (INT), and degraded (DEG) sites.

Fig. 2 in From forests to cattail: how does the riparian zone influence stream fish?

Fig. 2. Location of the preserved (PRE, open circles), intermediate (INT, dark circles), and degraded (DEG, triangles) sites in the northwestern portion of the state of São Paulo, Brazil.

Fig. 5 in Fishermen's local ecological knowledge on Southeastern Brazilian coastal fishes: contributions to research, conservation, and management

Fig. 5. Ordination plot of the correspondence analysis (first two axes) based on fishermen's answers about migratory behavior of the nine studied fish species in the southeastern Brazilian coast: Absa = Abudefduf saxatilis; Boru = Bodianus rufus; Cala = Caranx latus; Epma = Epinephelus marginatus; Haau = Haemulon aurolineatum; Heba = Hemiramphus balao; Kysp = Kyphosus spp.; Mifu = Micropogonias furnieri; Sesp = Seriola spp.

Fig. 1 in From forests to cattail: how does the riparian zone influence stream fish?

Fig. 1. Characteristic stages of the degradation process of riparian zones in a stream. a) streams with preserved riparian forests (PRE); b) with riparian forests in intermediate stage of degradation (INT); c) without riparian forests and in advanced stage of degradation (DEG).

Fig. 2 in Effect of abiotic variables on fish eggs and larvae distribution in headwaters of Cuiabá River, Mato Grosso State, Brazil

Fig. 2. Temporal (a) and spatial (b) distribution of density (individuals/10m3) of fish eggs and larvae captured in the headwaters of the Cuiabá River, in all the collection sites, between November 2007 and March 2008.

Fig. 1 in Antioxidant activity of bee products added to water in tebuconazole-exposed fish

Fig. 1. Levels of TBARS (nmol MDA mg-1 protein) and GSH (µmol GSH g-1 of wet tissue) in Rhamdia quelen after exposure to 16.6% of LC 50 of tebuconazole, to bee product, and to tebuconazole + bee product for 96 h. Different small letters indicates statistical differences between the means (ANOVA followed by Tukey´s multiple range test). Mean ± SEM; n = 10. * P <0.05.

Fig. 2 in Fish assemblage of the Mamanguape Environmental Protection Area, NE Brazil: abundance, composition and microhabitat availability along the mangrove-reef gradient

Fig. 2. Ontogenetic patterns of habitat use in Abudefduf saxatilis, Anisotremus surinamensis, Lutjanus alexandrei, and L. jocu along the sub-areas of Mamanguape Mangrove-Reef system, NE Brazil, showing an increase in individual size classes from the Estuarine to the Reef zone. Mann Whitney U Test showed significant size differences between all sub-areas (for A. saxatilis, Transition vs. Reefs: U = 491, Z = -6.02, p = 0.00; for A. surinamensis, Transition vs. Reefs: U = 1338, Z = -6.83, p = 0.00; for L. alexandrei, Peixe-Boi vs. Transition: U = 0.00, Z = -3.39, p = 0.00; and Tanques vs. Transition: U = 0.00, Z = -2.92, p = 0.00; for L. jocu, Peixe-Boi vs. Transition: U = 7.5, Z = -3.38, p = 0.00), except between Tanques and Peixe-Boi for L. alexandrei (U = 65, Z = 0.76, p = 0.46).

Fig. 3 in Fish assemblage of the Mamanguape Environmental Protection Area, NE Brazil: abundance, composition and microhabitat availability along the mangrove-reef gradient

Fig. 3. Canonical Correspondence Analysis of fishes and environmental parameters from Mamanguape Mangrove-Reef system, NE Brazil: (a) fish species (symbols) in relation to microhabitat categories (vectors) - Eigenvalues: axis 1, 0.56; axis 2, 0,20; r species-environment: axis 1, 0.87; axis 2, 0.56; First two axes accounted for 64.9 % of the variance; (b) fish trophic groups and subareas (symbols) in relation to environmental categories (vectors) - Eigenvalues: axis 1, 0.49; axis 2, 0.39; r species-environment: axis 1, 0.79; axis 2, 0.76; First two axes accounted for 51.6 % of the variance. Monte-Carlo test of all canonical axes were significant (p <0.01), 999 permutations. Abbreviations as follows - fish species: Abusax: Abudefduf saxatilis; Acabah: Acanthurus bahianus; Acacoe: A. coeruleus; Achlin: Achirus lineatus; Anisur: Anisotremus surinamensis; Anivir: A. virginicus; Batsop: Bathygobius soporator; Centrop: Centropomus sp.; Cithspil - Citharichthys spilopterus; Corglau - Coryphopterus glaucofraenum; Dactvol - Dactylopterus volitans; Echnau: Echeneis naucrates; Epiadc: Epinephelus adscensionis; Eucmel: Eucinostomus melanopterus; Haepar: Haemulon parra; Hipprei: Hippocampus reidi; Lutana: Lutjanus analis; Lutale: L. alexandrei; Lutjoc: L. jocu; Micrbra: Microphis brachyurus; Myroce: Myrichthys ocellatus; Rypran: Rypticus randalli; Scarus: Scarus sp.; Sparis: Sparisoma sp.; Sphtes: Sphoeroides testudineus; Stefus: Stegastes fuscus; Stevar: S. variabilis; trophic groups: RH - Roving herbivore; TH - Territorial herbivore; OM - Omnivore; CA - Carnivore; IM - Invertivore of mobile prey.

Fig. 1 in Fish assemblage of the Mamanguape Environmental Protection Area, NE Brazil: abundance, composition and microhabitat availability along the mangrove-reef gradient

Fig. 1. Mamanguape estuary, State of Paraíba, NE Brazil, showing surveyed sub-areas: 1) Tanques; 2) Peixe-Boi; 3) Cação; 4) Transition; and 5) Reefs. Dashed areas represent sandbanks.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2023View details →

Data and code for "Extreme and compound ocean events are key drivers of projected low pelagic fish biomass"

This repository provides the data and code for the paper "Extreme and compound ocean events are key drivers of projected low pelagic fish biomass". Almost all data required to produce the figures in this study are provided. However, not all raw data are provided, because of too large file sizes. For more information, please contact natacha.legrix@unibe.ch In Version 2, an error has been corrected in the computation of the grid cell area, which significantly affected values in Fig. A1.

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Major changes in fish thermal habitat diversity in Canada's Arctic lakes due to climate change

Climate warming is a major disruptor of fish community structure globally. We use large-scale geospatial analyses of 447,077 Canadian Arctic lakes to predict how climate change would impact lake thermal habitat diversity across the Arctic landscape. Increases in maximum surface temperature (+2.4–6.7 °C), ice-free period (+14–38 days), and thermal stratification presence (+4.2–18.9%) occur under all climate scenarios. Lakes, currently fishless due to deep winter ice, open up; many thermally uniform lakes become thermally diverse. Resilient coldwater habitat supply is predicted; however, thermally diverse lakes shift from providing almost exclusively coldwater habitat to providing substantial coolwater habitat and previously absent warmwater habitat. Across terrestrial ecozones, most lakes exhibit major shifts in thermal habitat. The prevalence of thermally diverse lakes more than doubles, providing refuge for coldwater taxa. Ecozone-specific differences in the distribution of thermally diverse and thermally uniform lakes require different management strategies for adapting fish resource use to climate change.

opencc-zeroFeb 2024View details →

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Testing alternative hypotheses for the decline of cichlid fish in Lake Victoria using fish fossils time series from sediment cores

Lake Victoria is well known for its high diversity of endemic fish species that provide livelihoods for millions of people. The lake garnered widespread attention during the twentieth century as major environmental and ecological changes modified the fish community with the extinction of ~40% of endemic cichlid species by the 1980s. Suggested causal factors include anthropogenic eutrophication, fishing, and introduced non-native species but their relative importance remains unresolved because monitoring data started in the 1970s when changes were already underway. Here, for the first time, we reconstruct two time series, covering the last ~200 years, of fish assemblage using fish teeth preserved in lake sediments. Two sediment cores Lake Victoria (Mwanza Gulf), were subsampled continuously at intra-decadal resolution, and teeth were identified to major taxa: Cyprinoidea, Haplochromini, Mochokidae, and Oreochromini. None of the fossils could be confidently assigned to non-native Nile Perch. Our data show significant decreases in haplochromine and oreochromine cichlid fish abundances began long before Nile Perch's arrival, while cyprinoids have generally been increasing. Our study is the first to reconstruct a time series of fish assemblage in Lake Victoria extending deeper back in time than the past 50 years, helping shed light on processes underlying Lake Victoria's biodiversity loss.

opencc-zeroMar 2024View details →

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Data from: Social complexity affects cognitive abilities but not brain structure in a Poecilid fish

Some cognitive abilities are suggested to be the result of a complex social life, allowing individuals to achieve higher fitness through advanced strategies. However, most evidence is correlative. Here, we provide an experimental investigation of how group size and composition affect brain and cognitive development in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata). For six months, we reared sexually mature females in one of three social treatments: a small conspecific group of three guppies, a large heterospecific group of three guppies and three splash tetras (Copella arnoldi) – a species that co-occurs with the guppy in the wild, and a large conspecific group of six guppies. We then tested the guppies' performance in self-control (inhibitory control), operant conditioning (associative learning), and cognitive flexibility (reversal learning) tasks. Using X-ray imaging, we measured their brain size and major brain regions. Larger groups of six individuals, both conspecific and heterospecific groups, showed better cognitive flexibility than smaller groups, but no difference in self-control and operant conditioning tests. Interestingly, while social manipulation had no significant effect on brain morphology, relatively larger telencephalons were associated with better cognitive flexibility. This suggests alternative mechanisms beyond brain region size enabled greater cognitive flexibility in individuals from larger groups. Although there is no clear evidence for the impact on brain morphology, our research shows that living in larger social groups can enhance cognitive flexibility. This indicates that the social environment plays a role in the cognitive development of guppies.

opencc-zeroMar 2024View details →

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2023View details →

Fig. 1. A in Distribution of Fish Parasites Argulus japonicus and Argulus coregoni (Crustacea: Branchiura: Argulidae) in the Lake Biwa Basin, Central Japan

Fig. 1. A map of Shiga Prefecture, central Japan, to show the distribution of Argulus japonicus (closed circles, in Lake Biwa; closed triangle, in Chirinsan-no-ike Pond) and A. coregoni (open circles) in the Lake Biwa Basin. Only large rivers are shown. Dashed lines indicate the borders of Shiga and neighboring prefectures. 1, Katayama; 2, Onoe; 3, near the mouth of the Uso River; 4, off Omi-maiko; 5, Wani-Imajuku; 6, Akanoi; 7, Shina; 8, Hiei-tsuji; 9, Chirinsan-no-ike Pond; 10, Otsu; 11, Harihata River; 12, lower Ado River; 13, Kawachidani Stream; 14, upper Ane River; 15, Oike River; 16, Kanzaki River. See Tables 1 and 2 for detailed information on the collection localities of A. japonicus and A. coregoni, respectively.

Fig. 4 in New record of endoparasitic Pseudempleurosoma haywardi (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) in sillaginid fishes from Thailand, with updates on host range, zoogeography, and morphological variation

Fig. 4. Schematic drawings of different shapes of MCO of the current Pseudempleurosoma haywardi specimens. Scale bar = 10 µm.

Fig. 1 in New record of endoparasitic Pseudempleurosoma haywardi (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) in sillaginid fishes from Thailand, with updates on host range, zoogeography, and morphological variation

Fig. 1. Schematic measurement characteristics of the organs of Pseudempleurosoma haywardi. A, MCO with Accessory piece; B, egg; C, muscular genital atrium; D, ovary; E, testis; F, dorsal anchors; G, dorsal bar; H, ventral anchor with attached ventral bar; I, detached ventral bar; J, marginal hook. Abbreviations used: APL: accessory piece length, AVBL: attached ventral bar length, DAL: dorsal anchor length, DBL: dorsal bar length, DBW: dorsal bar width, DVBL: detached ventral bar length, EL: egg length, EW: egg width, MAL: muscular genital atrium length, MAW: muscular genital atrium width, MCO: male copulatory organ, MCOL: male copulatory organ length, MHL: marginal hook length, OL: ovary length, OW: ovary width, TL: testis length, TW: testis width, VAL: ventral anchor length.

Fig. 3 in New record of endoparasitic Pseudempleurosoma haywardi (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) in sillaginid fishes from Thailand, with updates on host range, zoogeography, and morphological variation

Fig. 3. Schematic drawings of Pseudempleurosoma haywardi. A, whole body; B, MCO; C, ventral anchor with attached ventral bar; D, marginal hooks; E, dorsal anchor; F, egg; G, detached ventral bar; H, dorsal bar. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B–H = 10 µm.

Fig. 2 in New record of endoparasitic Pseudempleurosoma haywardi (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) in sillaginid fishes from Thailand, with updates on host range, zoogeography, and morphological variation

Fig. 2. General morphology of Pseudempleurosoma haywardi under phase-contrast microscope (A, B) and light microscope (C–G). A, whole body; B, opisthaptor part; C, opisthaptor with anchors, bar and marginal hooks; D, egg with MCO; E, egg; F, funnel-shaped of MCO with accessory pieces; G, cup-shaped MCO with accessory pieces. Abbreviations used: ASP: accessory piece, AVB: attached ventral bar, DA: dorsal anchor, DB: dorsal bar, DVB: detached ventral bar, E: egg, ES: eye spot, HG: head glands, MCO: male copulatory organ, MH: marginal hook, OP: opisthaptor, P: pharynx, VA: ventral anchor, VF: vitelline follicles. Scale bars: A = 100 µm; B–G = 20 µm.