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Figure 6 in A new cyst-forming nematode, Cactodera tianzhuensis n. sp. (Nematoda:Heteroderinae) from Polygonum viviparum in China with a key to the Genus Cactodera

Figure 6: Molecular phylogenetic tree of C. tianZhUenSiS n. sp. (highlighted in bold) inferred from 28 S D2/D3 extension region under GTR + I + G model. The posterior probability values exceeding 50% are given on appropriate clades. *Originally identified as C. eStOniCa in the GenBank. **Originally identified as C. rOSae in the GenBank. ***Originally identified as C. eStOniCa in the GenBank.

Figure 4 in A new cyst-forming nematode, Cactodera tianzhuensis n. sp. (Nematoda:Heteroderinae) from Polygonum viviparum in China with a key to the Genus Cactodera

Figure 4: Egg of C. tianZhUenSiS n. sp. A: Smooth eggshell; B: Embryo egg; C: Body of developed J2 in egg. (Scale bar = 20 µm).

Figure 3 in A new cyst-forming nematode, Cactodera tianzhuensis n. sp. (Nematoda:Heteroderinae) from Polygonum viviparum in China with a key to the Genus Cactodera

Figure 3: Vulval cones of C. tianZhUenSiS n. sp. A, C: Fenestration in vulval cone (inside); B, D: Fenestration in vulval cone (outside); E, F: Cyst surface punctations. (Scale bar = 20 µm).

Figure 2 in A new cyst-forming nematode, Cactodera tianzhuensis n. sp. (Nematoda:Heteroderinae) from Polygonum viviparum in China with a key to the Genus Cactodera

Figure 2: Light micrographs of C. tianZhUenSiS n. sp. A: Cyst; B: Cysts; C: Crush cyst; C: Female attached on the root (Scale bar: A, D = 500 μm; B, C = 1 mm).

Figure 1 in A new cyst-forming nematode, Cactodera tianzhuensis n. sp. (Nematoda:Heteroderinae) from Polygonum viviparum in China with a key to the Genus Cactodera

Figure 1: Line drawing of C. tianZhUenSiS n. sp. A: Anterior region of second-stage juvenile; B: Head of second-stage juvenile; C, H: Cyst and cysts. D: Lateral field; E: Fenestration in vulval cone; F, G: Tail of second-stage juvenile (Scale bar: H = 500 μm; C = 200 μm; A, F, E = 20 μm; B = 10 μm; D, G = 5 μm).

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2022View details →

Fig. 2 in Genetic characterisation of Tanqua (von Linstow, 1879) (Nematoda: Gnathostomatidae) larval forms including new host and locality records

Fig. 2. Larval nematodes identified as Tanqua sp. 2A specimen 674-1 anterior tip (20x); 2B specimen 678-1 showing tooth like projections of pseudolabia (tl) and lateral pseudolabium (lp) (40x); 2C specimen 674-1 posterior trunk (4x) showing annulations (an). and 2D specimen 678-9 tail (20x) respectively showing annulations (an) and anus (as). The circled area in Fig. 2A is indicative of the damage to internal structures which precluded detailed morphological examination.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2022View details →

Fig. 1 in Genetic characterisation of Tanqua (von Linstow, 1879) (Nematoda: Gnathostomatidae) larval forms including new host and locality records

Fig. 1. Phylogenetic tree (of 18S sequences of nematodes) inferred using the Maximum Likelihood Method. The bootstrap values higher than 80 are indicated next to the branches. The new sequences generated from this study are indicated with asterisks.

Fig. 3 in Borings formed by Late Cretaceous endobiontic foraminifers within larger benthic foraminifers

Fig. 3. Four paratypes of Curvichnus semorbis igen. et isp. nov. in Orbitoides tests showing variability of the shape. A. MGUH 26409. B. MGUH 26410. C. MGUH 26411 (arrow). D. MGUH 26412. Split tests of Orbitoides with outlines of Curvichnus marked by dashed lines (A1, B1, C1, D1). Reconstructions of the shape of Curvichnus (A2, B2, C2, D2). Scale bars 1 mm.

Fig. 4 in Borings formed by Late Cretaceous endobiontic foraminifers within larger benthic foraminifers

Fig. 4. Talpinella cunicularia and Curvichnus semorbis isp. nov. in relation to diagenesis. MGUH 26408. A. Test remains of Talpinella cunicularia. Scale 200 mm. B. Close−up of the test surrounded by a fringe of spar cement. Scale 10 µm. C. Spar cement inside Curvichnus semorbis isp. nov. The latter delineated by stippled lines. Scale 100 µm. D. Close−up of the cement. Scale 10 µm.

Fig. 2 in Borings formed by Late Cretaceous endobiontic foraminifers within larger benthic foraminifers

Fig. 2. Two specimens of Curvichnus semorbis igen. et isp. nov. in tests of Orbitoides. A. MGUH 26407, holotype. B. MGUH 26408, paratype. Split tests of Orbitoides penetrated by Curvichnus, marked by dashed lines (A1, B1). Reconstruction of the shape of Curvichnus (A2, B2). Close−up of bifurcation (A3). B3. Close−up of boring section of Orbitoides with remains of Talpinella cunicularia (arrows). Scale bars 1 mm.

Fig. 1 in Borings formed by Late Cretaceous endobiontic foraminifers within larger benthic foraminifers

Fig. 1. Outline of the foraminifer Talpinella cunicularia and its trace within the equatorial layer of Orbitoides. A. Cross−section parallel to the equatorial layer. The trace, which may have bifurcated ends, forms around the embryonic apparatus of Orbitoides. Resorption may have removed early chamber walls of T. cunicularia (stippled lines). After Baumfalk et al. (1982). B. Cross−section perpendicular to the equatorial layer of which the trace is confined to. The equatorial layer of chamberlets is flanked by layers of lateral chamberlets. Adapted from Görmüş and Sagular (1998). Not to scale.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2024View details →

Geodetic Monitoring of the Recent Activity and the Dome Forming Eruption at Nevado del Ruiz (Colombia), 2010-2023

<a name="_Hlk160011067"></a>Nevado del Ruiz volcano in Colombia is known for the catastrophic eruption of 1985 that destroyed the villages of Armero and Chinchiná. This was not its first destructive event; similar eruptions occurred in 1595 and 1845. Unfortunately, the sparse geodetic data available in 1985 did not provide a clear warning of an impending eruption. Since 1985, geodetic monitoring has evolved, incorporating tilt, GNSS and InSAR. Combined with seismic, geochemical, and geological monitoring, these techniques have enhanced the understanding of the volcano, improved hazards assessment and mitigated the risk from the eruptions of 1989, 2012, and 2015-2019, as well as the unrest over the last 11 years. Modeling of deformation data over the past 13 years reveals complex interactions between local and regional magma reservoirs. Before February 2012, the volcano deflated, initially thought to be due to gravitational collapse of the edifice, but now attributed to the depressurization of a shallow magma reservoir. This reservoir has been feeding ash emissions, gas release (2012-2023), and the dome forming eruption (2015-2019). The inflation of the volcanic edifice from 2012 to 2023 is linked to a deep pressurization source beneath the Nevado de Santa Isabel volcano, about 9 km southwest of Nevado del Ruiz.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2024View details →

Numerical simulations of the latest caldera-forming eruption of Okmok volcano, Alaska

Raw outputs of the numerical simulations of an explosive volcanic eruption. The file "source.zip" includes all the source files modified compared to the default MFIX 2016-1 files (www.mfix.netl.doe.gov, v.2016). It also includes an example of the input file mfix.dat (run 3). These are raw file intended for enabling result reproductibility. They contain unused  optional variables and are not intented (and commented) to serve as tutorials. The subfolder "postmfix" includes the source file for option 6 of the post processing program. Some options are user-defined, and others are hard coded. The file "AllRuns.zip" inculde all the Okmok runs. All runs were generated with  MFIX 2016-1 in TFM mode. They are organized in folders corresponding to the naming convention of Table 1. Some runs were generated in several sequences (e.g., 0-300 s, then 300-700 s) that were stitched into a single output bundle. Other sequences were kept separated. The files OK.RES can be openend with Paraview >5.6 and selecting the MFIXReader. The variables are: EP_g = Gas volume fraction Gas Velocity = Gas velocity vector (m/s) P_g = Pressure (Pa) P_star = Solid pressure (Pa) ROP_s_m = Solid density times particle volume fraction of solid phase m (kg/m3) RRates_1 = Gas density (kg/m3) RRates_2 = Gas viscosity (Pa s) Solids_Velocity_x = Velocity vector of solid phase x (m/s) T_g = Gas temperature (K) T_s_x = Temperature of solid phase x (K) Theta_m_x = Granular temperature of solid phase x (m2/s2) U_g = Horizontal component of gas velocity (m/s) V_g = Vertical component of gas velocity (m/s) W_g = Z component of gas velocity (0 because axisymmetric domain) U_s_x = Horizontal component of velocity of solid phase x (m/s) V_s_x = Vertical component of velocity of solid phase x (m/s) W_s_x = Z component of velocity of solid phase x (0 because axisymmetric domain) X_g_x, X_s_x = unused k_turb_g (not always recorded) = Turbulent kinetic energy (J/kg) e_turb_g = duplicate of k_turb_g Refer to the MFIX documentation for more details on the format and on the model itself.

opencc-zeroAug 2024View details →

Plant Growth Form Data from NMNH Botany specimens

Plant growth form data from specimen labels in the collections of the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History Botany Department, current version

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2024View details →

Form-specific prospective environmental risk assessment of graphene-based materials in European Freshwaters

This dataset is related to the following publication: Title: Form-specific prospective environmental risk assessment fo graphene-based materials in European freshwaters Authors: Hyunjoo Hong, Bernd Nowack  The files contain input files and final codes of the fs-MFA and fs-PSSD models.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2005View details →

Fig. 2 in Repaired injuries and shell form in some Palaeozoic pleurotomarioid gastropods

Fig. 2. Schematic drawing of Fig. 1 as a guide to emphasize the location of repaired injuries, here shown in thicker lines. For explanation see Fig. 1 captions and the text. A–F. Turbiniform shells. G–J. Trochiform shells. K, L. Planispiral shells.

Fig. 6 in Mat-forming coccoid cyanobacteria from early Silurian marine deposits of Sudetes, Poland

Fig. 6. Schematic drawing showing examples of vegetative cells of different age and baeocytes formation in modern colonial coccoid cyanobacteria. A. Stanieria sphaerica (Setchell and Gardner) Komárek and Anagnostidis 1986, scheme of baeocytes formation (after Komárek and Anagnostidis 1998). B–E. Stanieria cf. cyanosphaera (Komárek and Hindák) Komárek and Anagnostidis 1986, modern coccoid cyanobacteria grown in culture under irradiance level 20 µmol m–2 sec–1 at 22 (~0.5)oC. B. Cells of different age. C. Vegetative cells of different age. D. Baeocytes differentiation. · · E. Baeocytes liberation. After Komárek and Hindák from Silva and Pienaar 2000, modified. F. Chroococcidiopsis kashayi Friedmann 1961, various stage of baeocytic cell division (multiple fission), after Komárek and Anagnostidis 1998 modified. G. Fragment of early Silurian coccoid cyanobacterial mat. ZPAL Cy.1 GBŻ 49/1−4. Scale bars 20 µm.

Fig. 7 in Mat-forming coccoid cyanobacteria from early Silurian marine deposits of Sudetes, Poland

Fig. 7. Comparison of early Silurian coccoid cyanobacteria (left) from radiolarian cherts exposed at the Żdanów road−cut (Bardzkie Mountains) and modern coccoid cyanobacteria (right), all optical micrographs. A, C, E. Examples of cells of early Silurian Stanieria−like cyanobacteria at different stage of cell fission filled with minute reproductive cells (baeocytes). E. Optical micrographs with Nomarski illumination. A, C, E, ZPAL Cy.1 GBŻ 49/1−4. B, D, F. Mass culture of Stanieria cf. cyanosphaera (Komárek and Hindák) Komárek and Anagnostidis 1986, grown under irradiance level 20 µmol m–2 sec–1 at 22 · · (~0.5)oC, revealing spherical cells of varying size; some cells are filled with baeocytes (from Silva and Pienaar 2000, with publisher permission http://www.schweizerbart.de).

Fig. 3 in Mat-forming coccoid cyanobacteria from early Silurian marine deposits of Sudetes, Poland

Fig. 3. Optical micrographs of early Silurian radiolarian cherts from Żdanów in horizontal thin sections. A. Three globular aggregates of coccoid cyanobacteria forming mats visible in amorphous organic background. B–D. Magnified aggregates of variously degraded coccoid cyanobacteria showing different size of cells and mucilage sheaths. Some cells are filled with granular material resembling reproductive cells (baeocytes) of modern coccoid cyanobacteria. E, F. Magnified fragment of cyanobacterial colony (aggregate), partly degraded, showing individual cells. F. Optical micrographs with Nomarski illumination. All ZPAL Cy.1 GBŻ 49/1−4.

Fig. 2 in Mat-forming coccoid cyanobacteria from early Silurian marine deposits of Sudetes, Poland

Fig. 2. Optical micrographs of Early Silurian radiolarian cherts from Żdanów in vertical thin sections. A–C. Sections of black radiolarian chert in different magnifications showing well−defined laminae of organic matter composed of coccoid cyanobacterial biomass. D. A fragment of dense organic lamina, in which no details are visible. E, F. Magnified fragment of organic laminae composed of partly degraded and compacted aggregates of coccoid cyanobacteria, some capsule−like remnants of mucilage sheaths remaind uncompacted. A–C, ZPAL Cy.1 GBŻ 49/1–4; D, ZPAL Cy.1 GBŻ 16/2; E, F, ZPAL Cy.1 GBŻ 23/1.