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Figs. 2–6. Psilodon buhrnheimi. 2 in Discovery of a Third Stag Beetle Genus in the Amazonian Region, with Description of a New Species ofPsilodonPerty (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Syndesinae: Syndesini)

Figs. 2–6. Psilodon buhrnheimi. 2) Paratype, doral habitus; 3) Holotype, head and pronotum, lateral view; 4) Holotype, head and pronotum, dorsal view; 5) Paratype, head and pronotum, dorsal view; 6) Paratype, head and pronotum, lateral view. Scale bars: Fig. 2 = 2 mm; Figs. 3–6 = 5 mm.

Fig. 1 in Discovery of a Third Stag Beetle Genus in the Amazonian Region, with Description of a New Species ofPsilodonPerty (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Syndesinae: Syndesini)

Fig. 1. Scheme of a male Psilodon buhrnheimi showing the mandibular teeth alpha, beta, and gamma. Palpi, antennae, anterior legs, and setae omitted.

Fig. 1 in Female-Biased Dispersal Activity of the River-Shore Stag Beetle,Nicagus japonicusNagel (Coleoptera: Lucanidae), in a Disrupted Habitat

Fig. 1. The ecology and habitat of Nicagus japonicus. a) Female, b) Several N. japonicus on the ground; male and female beetles are indicated by blue and red arrows, respectively, c) Riverside habitat in the Kinugawa River tributary near Dorobu, Japan; in 2012, many N. japonicus were observed on the sandy area of the riverside, d) Habitat completely disrupted in 2013 and only a few N. japonicus were observed in this area, e) Larvae feeding inside driftwood in the laboratory; arrows indicate larval feces packed in the tunnels, f) Larva (arrow) tunneling in the sand and pupating in contact with the bottom of a plastic cage.

Fig. 2 in Female-Biased Dispersal Activity of the River-Shore Stag Beetle,Nicagus japonicusNagel (Coleoptera: Lucanidae), in a Disrupted Habitat

Fig. 2. Daily maximum temperature at the Dorobu Weather Station in 2012 and 2013. Arrows indicate the days of the field surveys.

FIGURES 224–231 in A review of the genera Prismognathus Motschulsky and Cladophyllus Houlbert (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae) from China, with the description of two new species

FIGURES 224–231. Habitus of P. nigricolor (under the same scale). 224 — male, Yaojiaping, between Pianma and Lushui; 225 — male, Gongshan; 226 — male, Gongshan; 227 — male, holotype; 228 — male, holotype in ventral view; 229 — female, paratype in ventral view; 230 — female, Gongshan; 231 — female, paratype. Scale bar = 1 cm.

FIGURES 168–199 in A review of the genera Prismognathus Motschulsky and Cladophyllus Houlbert (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae) from China, with the description of two new species

FIGURES 168–199. Flagellum of the median lobe. 168–171 — P. davidis davidis; 168 — Qinling, Shaanxi; 169 — Erlangshan, Sichuan; 170 — Tianmushan, Zhejiang; 171 — Dabieshan, Anhui; 172 — P. davidis cheni, Taiwan; 173 — P. nigricolor, Gongshan, Yunnan, same specimen as in Fig. 226; 174–178 — P. klapperichi; 174 — Simianshan, Chongqing; 175 — Wuyishan, Fujian; 176 — Maoershan, Guangxi; 177 — Nanling, Guangdong; 178 — Baishanzu, Zhejiang; 179 — P. dauricus, Liaoning; 180 — P. s h a n i, paratype, Siping; 181 — P. alessandrae, Zhongdian, Yunnan; 182–184 — P. p ro s s i; 182 — Siping, Sichuan; 183 — Fanjingshan, Guizhou; 184 — Maoershan, Guangxi; 185 — P. siniaevi, Gongshan; 186–187 — P. arcuatus, Sichuan; 188–189 — P. haojiani; 188 — holotype, Fanjingshan; 189 — paratype, Leigongshan, Guizhou; 190 — P. kanghianus kanghianus, Hekou, Yunnan; 191 — P. sukkitorum, Tengchong, Yunnan; 192–194 — P. triapicalis triapicalis, Sichuan; 195–196 — P. triapicalis subspecies; 195 — Dabashan, Chongqing; 196 — Fengyangshan, Zhejiang; 197 — P. formosanus, Taiwan; 198 — Tetrarthrius sukkiti, Gongshan, Yunnan; 199 — Cyclorasis fukinukii, Motuo, Tibet. Figs. 168–198 under the same scale. Scale bars 1 mm for all.

FIGURES 150–167 in A review of the genera Prismognathus Motschulsky and Cladophyllus Houlbert (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae) from China, with the description of two new species

FIGURES 150–167. Aedeagus in ventral view. 150–151 — Prismognathus arcuatus, Sichuan; 152–153 — P. haojiani; 152 — holotype, Fanjingshan; 153 — paratype, Leigongshan, Guizhou; 154 — P. kanghianus kanghianus, Hekou, Yunnan; 155 — P. sukkitorum, Tengchong, Yunnan; 156–157 — P. triapicalis triapicalis, Sichuan; 158–161 — P. triapicalis subspecies; 158–159 — Dabashan, Chongqing; 160 — Fengyangshan, Zhejiang; 161 — Dayaoshan, Guangxi; 162–163 — P. prossi; 162 — Siping, Sichuan; 163 — Fanjingshan, Guizhou; 164–165 — P. siniaevi; 164 — Jinping, Yunnan; 165 — Gongshan, Yunnan; 166 — Tetrarthrius sukkiti, Gongshan, Yunnan; 167 — Cyclorasis fukinukii, Motuo, Tibet. Scale bars 1 mm for all.

FIGURES 212–223 in A review of the genera Prismognathus Motschulsky and Cladophyllus Houlbert (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae) from China, with the description of two new species

FIGURES 212–223. Female genitalia and the central protrusion of the 9th tergites (at left bottom or right bottom). 212 — Prismognathus arcuatus, Sichuan; 213 — P. haojiani, paratype, Fanjingshan; 214 — P. kanghianus kanghianus, Hekou, Yunnan; 215 — P. sukkitorum, Tengchong, Yunnan; 216–217 — P. triapicalis triapicalis, Sichuan; 218–219 — P. triapicalis subspecies; 218 — Dabashan, Chongqing; 219 — Fengyangshan, Zhejiang; 220 — P. davidis davidis, Siping, Sichuan; 221 — P. siniaevi, Gongshan; 222 — P. prossi, Maoershan, Guangxi; 223 — P. formosanus, Taiwan. Scale bars 1 mm for all.

FIGURES 200–211 in A review of the genera Prismognathus Motschulsky and Cladophyllus Houlbert (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae) from China, with the description of two new species

FIGURES 200–211. Female genitalia and the central protrusion of the 9th tergites (at left bottom or right bottom). 200 — P. davidis davidis, Beijing; 201 — P. davidis davidis, Tianmushan; 202 — P. davidis cheni, Taiwan; 203 — P. davidis davidis, Nanling; 204 — P. nigricolor, Gongshan, Yunnan; 205–206 — P. klapperichi; 205 — Wuyishan, Fujian; 206 — Damingshan, Guangxi; 207 — P. dauricus, Liaoning; 208 — P. s h a n i, paratype, Labahe; 209 — P. alessandrae, Zhongdian, Yunnan; 210–211 — P. prossi; 210 — Siping, Sichuan; 211 — Fanjingshan, Guizhou. Scale bars 1 mm for all.

FIGURES 111–131 in A review of the genera Prismognathus Motschulsky and Cladophyllus Houlbert (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae) from China, with the description of two new species

FIGURES 111–131. Female canthus (not under the same scale). 111 — P. s h a n i, paratype, Labahe, Sichuan; 112 — P. nigricolor, paratype; 113 — P. arcuatus, Siping, Sichuan;114–116 — P. p ro s s i; 114 — Siping, Sichuan; 115 — Fanjingshan, Guizhou; 116 — Maoershan, Guangxi; 117–119 — P. davidis davidis; 117 — Siping, Sichuan; 118 — Tianmushan, Zhejiang; 119 — Dabashan, Chongqing; 120–123 — P. triapicalis; 120 — Sichuan; 121 — Dabashan, Chongqing; 122 — Fengyangshan, Zhejiang; 123 — Dabashan, Chongqing; 124 — P. haojiani, paratype, Fanjingshan; 125 — P. dauricus, Liaoning; 126 — P. kanghianus kanghianus, Hekou, Yunnan; 127 — P. alessandrae, Zhongdian, Yunnan; 128 — P. sinen sis, holotype, Kuatun, Fujian; 129 — P. sukk ito rum, Tengchong, Yunnan; 130 — P. formosanus, Taiwan; 131 — P. siniaevi, Gongshan, Yunnan.

FIGURES 95–110 in A review of the genera Prismognathus Motschulsky and Cladophyllus Houlbert (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae) from China, with the description of two new species

FIGURES 95–110. Head, pronotum and proleg of female in dorsal view. 95 — P. arcuatus, Siping, Sichuan; 96 — P. haojiani, paratype, Fanjingshan, Guizhou; 97 — P. sukkitorum, Tengchong, Yunnan; 98 — P. dauricus, Liaoning; 99–100 — P. p ro s s i; 99 — Fanjingshan, Guizhou; 100 — Maoershan, Guangxi; 101 — P. kanghianus kanghianus, Hekou, Yunnan; 102 — P. formosanus, Taiwan; 103–105 — P. triapicalis subspecies; 103–104 — Dabashan, Chongqing; 105 — Fengyangshan, Zhejiang; 106 — P. triapicalis triapicalis, Erlangshan, Sichuan; 107 — P. s i n e n s i s, holotype, Kuatun; 108–110 — P. davidis davidis; 108 — Dabashan, Chongqing; 109–110 — Siping, Sichuan. Scale bar 10 mm.

FIGURES 79–94 in A review of the genera Prismognathus Motschulsky and Cladophyllus Houlbert (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae) from China, with the description of two new species

FIGURES 79–94. Head, pronotum and proleg of female in dorsal view. 79–85 — P. davidis davidis; 79 — Beijing; 80 — Qinling, Shaanxi; 81 — Henan; 82 — Shennongjia, Hubei; 83 — Dabieshan, Anhui; 84 — Tianmushan, Zhejiang; 85 — Nanling, Guangdong; 86 — P. davidis cheni, Taiwan; 87–90 — P. klapperichi; 87–88 — Wuyishan, Fujian; 89 — Baishanzu, Zhejiang; 90 — Damingshan, Guangxi; 91 — P. shani, Labahe, Tianquan, Sichuan; 92 — P. davidis davidis, Erlangshan, Sichuan; 93 — P. alessandrae, Zhongdian, Yunnan; 94 — P. prossi, Siping, Sichuan. Scale bar 10 mm.

FIGURES 57–72 in A review of the genera Prismognathus Motschulsky and Cladophyllus Houlbert (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae) from China, with the description of two new species

FIGURES 57–72. Head, pronotum and proleg of male in dorsal view. 57–60 — P. alessandrae; 57 — Weixi, Yunnan; 58 — Muli, Sichuan; 59 — Zhongdian, Yunnan, 60 — Pantiange, Weixi, Yunnan; 61–64 — P. shani; 61, 63 — paratypes, Siping, Yingjing, Sichuan; 62 — paratype, Erlangshan, Sichuan; 64 — holotype, Erlangshan; 65 — P. arcuatus, Siping, Sichuan; 66 — P. haojiani, holotype, Fanjingshan, Guizhou; 67 — P. sukkitorum, Tengchong, Yunnan; 68 — P. prossi, Siping, Sichuan; 69 — P. kanghianus kanghianus, Hekou, Yunnan; 70–71 — P. triapicalis ssp.; 70 — Dayaoshan, Guangxi; 71 — Fengyangshan, Zhejiang; 72 — P. prossi, Maoershan, Guangxi. Scale bar 10 mm.

FIGURES 35–56 in A review of the genera Prismognathus Motschulsky and Cladophyllus Houlbert (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae) from China, with the description of two new species

FIGURES 35–56. Head, pronotum and proleg of male in dorsal view. 35–41, 43–46 — P. davidis davidis; 35–36, 43 — Beijing; 37–39 — Qinling, Shaanxi; 40 — Erlangshan, Sichuan; 41 — Shennongjia, Hubei; 43 — syntype; 44–45 — Tianmushan, Zhejiang; 46 — Dabieshan, Anhui; 42 — Prismognathus davidis cheni, Taiwan; 47–56 — P. klapperichi; 47– 48 — Simianshan, Chongqing; 49 — Kuankuoshui, Guizhou; 50 — Nanling, Guangdong; 51 — Baishanzu, Zhejiang; 52–54 — Kuatun, Fujian; 55 — Damingshan, Guangxi; 56 — Maoershan, Guangxi. Scale bar 10 mm.

FIGURES 21–34. Male mandible. 21–30 in A review of the genera Prismognathus Motschulsky and Cladophyllus Houlbert (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae) from China, with the description of two new species

FIGURES 21–34. Male mandible. 21–30 — dorsal view; 21 — Prismognathus dauricus (Liaoning); 22 — P. davidis davidis (Beijing); 23 — P. davidis davidis (Zhejiang); 24 — P. klapperichi (Fujian); 25 — P. s i n i a e v i (Gongshan, Yunnan); 26 — P. siniaevi (Jinping, Yunnan); 27 — P. prossi (Sichuan); 28 — P. nigricolor (holotype); 29 — P. s h a n i (paratype, Sichuan); 30 — P. nigricolor (Gongshan); 31–34 — ventral view; 31 — P. davidis davidis (Zhejiang); 32 — P. klapperichi (Chongqing); 33 — P. klapperichi (Fujian); 34 — P. siniaevi (Gongshan, Yunnan). Arrow mark directed to dorsal subbasal tooth or gap on ventral teeth of the mandible.

FIGURES 134–149 in A review of the genera Prismognathus Motschulsky and Cladophyllus Houlbert (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae) from China, with the description of two new species

FIGURES 134–149. Aedeagus in ventral view. 134–136 — P. klapperichi; 134–135 — Wuyishan, Fujian; 136 — Baishanzu, Zhejiang; 137 — P. dauricus, Liaoning; 138–141 — P. davidis davidis; 138 — Qinling, Shaanxi; 139 — Siping, Sichuan; 140 — Tianmushan, Zhejiang; 141 — Dabieshan, Anhui; 142 — P. davidis cheni, Taiwan; 143 — P. formosanus, Taiwan; 144–145 — P. nigricolor; 144 — holotype, after Boucher 1996, without scale; 145 — Gongshan, Yunnan, same specimen as in Fig. 226; 146–147 — P. s h a n i; 146 — holotype, Erlangshan, Sichuan; 147 — paratypes, Siping, Sichuan; 148–149 — P. alessandrae; 148 — Zhongdian, Yunnan; 149 —Weixi, Yunnan. Scale bars 1 mm for all.

FIGURES 73–78 in A review of the genera Prismognathus Motschulsky and Cladophyllus Houlbert (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae) from China, with the description of two new species

FIGURES 73–78. Habitus in ventral view (not under the same scale). 73, 74, 76 — P. s i n i a e v i; 73 — male, Gongshan, Yunnan; 74 — male, Jinping, Yunnan; 76 — female, Gongshan; 75, 77 — P. klapperichi; 75 — male, Kuatun; 77 — female, Kuatun; 78 — P. haojiani, female paratype, Fanjingshan. Arrow mark directed to the area with or without a marked pubescence.

FIGURES 1–20 in A review of the genera Prismognathus Motschulsky and Cladophyllus Houlbert (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae) from China, with the description of two new species

FIGURES 1–20. Cladophyllus, Tetrarthrius and Cyclorasis species. 1–4 — Cladophyllus oberthuri, male (Weixi, Yunnan); 5–8 — Cladophyllus bousqueti, male (Pianma, Yunnan); 9–12 — Cladophyllus nobuhikoi, male (Jinping, Yunnan); 13–14 — Cladophyllus oberthuri, female (Weixi, Yunnan); 15–16 — Cladophyllus bousqueti, female (Pianma, Yunnan); 17–18 —Tetrarthrius sukkiti, female (Motuo, Tibet); 19–20 — Cyclorasis nosei, female (Motuo, Tibet). 1, 5, 9, 13, 15, 17, 19 — head and pronotum in dorsal view; 2, 6, 10 — 9th abdominal segment; 3, 7, 11 — aedeagus; 4, 8, 12 — flagellum; 14, 16, 18, 20 — female genitalia. Scale bars 5 mm for habitus, 1 mm for genitalia.

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FIGURE 34 in Rediscovery of the myrmecophilous Lucanid genus Xizangia Zhang, 1988 from southwest China (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae)

FIGURE 34. Xizangia qiuae Huang & Chen, new species, mandibles in dorsal, inner lateral and ventral views: left half — male mandibles; right half — female mandibles.