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Fig. 3 in Middle Cambrian gogiid echinoderms from Northeast Spain: Taxonomy, palaeoecology, and palaeogeographic implications

Fig. 3. Sections of the middle Cambrian Murero Formation in Murero and Purujosa indicating the levels with Gogia sp. and Gogia parsleyi Zamora sp. nov.

Fig. 4. A–E in Middle Cambrian gogiid echinoderms from Northeast Spain: Taxonomy, palaeoecology, and palaeogeographic implications

Fig. 4. A–E. Eocrinoid blastozoan Gogia parsleyi Zamora sp. nov. A. Paratype MPZ2006/556a, b; part (A1) and counterpart (A2) of a slightly disturbed small specimen attached to a free cheek of Eccaparadoxides sp. fragment. The arrow indicates where the holdfast attaches to the trilobite element. B. MPZ2006/559b; accumulation of disarticulated plates from eocrinoids (Gogia parsleyi Zamora sp. nov.) and cinctans. C. Paratype MPZ2006/557a, b; nearly complete specimen with thecal plates slightly disturbed. D. Paratype MPZ2004/215; partial theca with ornamented plates and a very short holdfast (indicated by the arrow). E. Paratype MPZ2004/214; specimen with an almost complete theca. F, G. Gogia sp. F. MPZ2004/194a; partly complete specimen with a possible periproct on the lateral surface (see white arrow). G. MPZ2004/195a, b; partially disarticulated specimen (G1), counterpart of the same specimen (G2), detail of two adjoined plates with epispires (G3). Photographs of latex casts whitened with NH4Cl.

Fig. 6 in Middle Cambrian gogiid echinoderms from Northeast Spain: Taxonomy, palaeoecology, and palaeogeographic implications

Fig. 6. Reconstruction of eocrinoidean blastozoan Gogia parsleyi Zamora sp. nov. (by Santiago Alberto, after a sketch by SZ), based on the holotype MPZ2004/162a. The holdfast, not preserved in the holotype, is reconstructed based on paratypes MPZ2004/161 and MPZ2004/215.

Fig. 5 in Middle Cambrian gogiid echinoderms from Northeast Spain: Taxonomy, palaeoecology, and palaeogeographic implications

Fig. 5. Slab with two nearly complete, articulated and exquisitely preserved specimens of eocrinoid blastozoan Gogia parsleyi Zamora sp. nov., with some isolated plates belonging to cinctan carpoids. Both specimens probably represent an early mature stage (TH = 12 mm). The left specimen (holotype MPZ2004/162a) shows many of the diagnostic features referred to in the text. The right specimen (paratype MPZ2004/161a) shows the holdfast separated from the theca (indicated by an arrow). Photograph of latex cast whitened with NH4Cl.

Fig. 4 in Prevalence and diversity of parasitic bird lice (Insecta: Psocodea) in northeast Arkansas

Fig. 4. Phylogeny of lice in the genera Myrsidea (a) and Brueelia (b) based on a concatenated alignment of cox1 and EF1-α sequences. Bootstrap values are located above the associated branches. Only values>50% are shown. Novel samples are labeled with the host species name followed by a 7-digit extraction code. All other ingroup samples were obtained from NCBI GenBank and are labeled with host species names. Outgroups are labeled with genus of louse followed by host species.

Fig. 3 in Prevalence and diversity of parasitic bird lice (Insecta: Psocodea) in northeast Arkansas

Fig. 3. Prevalence of lice, prevalence of mites, and co-occurrence of lice and mites recovered from different families of birds. Parentheses next to family names indicate sample sizes and lines on the bar plots indicate standard error. Significant p-values for chi-square and Fisher's exact tests are indicated by the asterisk to the left of family names.

Fig. 2 in Prevalence and diversity of parasitic bird lice (Insecta: Psocodea) in northeast Arkansas

Fig. 2. Prevalence, mean intensity, and mean abundance among lice from hosts in the family Turdidae (a) and Parulidae (b). Lines on the bar plots indicate 95% confidence intervals. Parentheses next to species names indicate sample sizes. Phylogenies are cladograms generated from distributions of trees from birdtree.org.

Fig. 1 in Prevalence and diversity of parasitic bird lice (Insecta: Psocodea) in northeast Arkansas

Fig. 1. The diversity of louse genera collected from 28 families of birds. Colors associated with each louse genus are indicated in the right-side legend. The numerical values indicate percentages. The sample size is indicated by the parenthesize to the right of genus names. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 14 in The Early Cambrian (Botomian) stem group brachiopod Mickwitzia from Northeast Greenland

Fig. 14. Schematic reconstruction of inferred relationships between mantle, shell, pedicle, and the various types of setae in a reconstructed cross−section of a living Mickwitzia cf. occidens Walcott, with enlarged crosssections showing the interpretation of the various types of cylindroid structures penetrating the shell.

Fig. 11 in The Early Cambrian (Botomian) stem group brachiopod Mickwitzia from Northeast Greenland

Fig. 11. Mickwitzia cf. occidens Walcott. Fragmentary mature valves (indeterminate) MGUH 26280 (A), MGUH 26314 (B), MGUH 26315 (C), MGUH 26316 (D). A1. Section through primary and secondary layer with large tube and smaller acrotretoid−type columns; scale bar 20 µm. A2. Detail of large tube perforating primary layer of A1; scale bar 20 µm. A3. Detail of tubular wall of A1 showing adhering cocci and possibly annulations; scale bar 5 µm. B1. Detail of secondary layer with acrotretoid−type columns and laminar shell; scale bar 20 µm. B2. Detail of B1 showing median slit between laminae and cover of adhering discoidal structures; scale bar 5 µm. C. Detail of secondary layer with numerous acrotretoid−type columns and single large tube; scale bar 20 µm. D. Detail of secondary layer with thin laminae with median slit and acrotretoid−type columns and single cross−section through large tube; scale bar 20 µm. All specimens from the Ella Island Formation, sample GGU 314816.

Fig. 7 in The Early Cambrian (Botomian) stem group brachiopod Mickwitzia from Northeast Greenland

Fig. 7. Mickwitzia cf. occidens Walcott. Ventral valves; MGUH 26300 (A), + MGUH 26301 (B), MGUH 26302 (C), MGUH 26303 (D), MGUH 26304 (E). A1. Oblique lateral view of early mature valve; scale bar 200 µm. A2. Detail of juvenile shell of A1; scale bar 100 µm. A3. Detail of filar ornamentation with nick−points of A2; scale bar 50 µm. B1. Oblique lateral view of mature valve; scale bar 500 µm. B2. Detail of apex with juvenile shell of B1; scale bar 200 µm. C. Mature valve with exfoliated apex and radiating trails of nick−points; scale bar 500 µm. D. Mature valve showing transition to pustulose mature ornamentation; scale bar 500 µm. E. Detail of ornamentation with radiating trails of nick−points on early mature shell; scale bar 100 µm. All specimens from the Bastion Formation. A, sample GGU 314835; B, sample GGU 314807; C, E, sample GGU 314910; D, sample GGU 314804.

Fig. 5 in The Early Cambrian (Botomian) stem group brachiopod Mickwitzia from Northeast Greenland

Fig. 5. Mickwitzia cf. occidens Walcott, fragment of mature shell MGUH 26298. A. Acrotretoid−type column with clusters of adhering cocci; scale bar 10 µm. B. Acrotretoid−type column entirely filled by centripetal lamination. Note the two single adhering cocci; scale bar 10 µm. C. Detail of single dome−shaped coccus attached to column; scale bar 2 µm. D. Acrotretoid−type column (left) entirely covered by attached and overlapping discoidal bodies (= deformed cocci) and some individual spheroidal cocci; scale bar 10 µm. E. Detail of surface of left column with overlapping discoidal structures; scale bar 2 µm. F. Aborted, dome−shaped acrotretoid−type column, with indications of annulations; scale bar 10 µm. G. Detail of top of aborted column in F, showing a finely platy cover; scale bar 2 µm. H. Cluster of cocci, with indication of asexual binary fission; scale bar 2 µm. I. Detail of central cocci in H, showing platy cover; scale bar 1 µm. J. Detail of cocci−covered lamina and columns; scale bar 5 µm. K. Detail of single spheroidal cocci attached to column; scale bar 2 µm. L. Detail of K, showing possible aperture. Note the platy appearance of the outer surface; scale bar 1 µm. The specimen is from the Ella Island Formation (sample GGU 314816).

Fig. 1 in The Early Cambrian (Botomian) stem group brachiopod Mickwitzia from Northeast Greenland

Fig. 1. Stratigraphical subdivisions of the Lower Cambrian and location map of Northeast Greenland, with simplified stratigraphical logs. Sample numbers and levels indicated.

Fig. 13 in The Early Cambrian (Botomian) stem group brachiopod Mickwitzia from Northeast Greenland

Fig. 13. Inferred distribution of setae (as indicated by nick−points) in juvenile (A) and early mature ventral valves of Mickwitzia cf. occidens Walcott.

Fig. 12 in The Early Cambrian (Botomian) stem group brachiopod Mickwitzia from Northeast Greenland

Fig. 12. Mickwitzia cf. occidens Walcott. A. Fragmentary mature valve (indeterminate) MGUH 26317. A1. Exfoliated interior surface showing numerous acrotretoid−type columns and scattered large tubes, position of A2 and A3 indicated; scale bar 50 µm. A2. Detail of A1 showing single large tube with adhering cocci and numerous acrotretoid−type columns; scale bar 10 µm. A3. Detail of A1 showing numerous acrotretoid−type columns, some of which have a central canal of varying diameter or are completely filled; scale bar 10 µm. A4. Detail of A1 showing lamina perforated by empty large tube (marked by arrow) and +

Fig. 4 in The Early Cambrian (Botomian) stem group brachiopod Mickwitzia from Northeast Greenland

Fig. 4. Mickwitzia cf. occidens Walcott. A. Ventral valve MGUH 26296. A1. Interior of juvenile−early mature ventral valve showing tubular openings surrounded by circular depressions, where non−phosphatic material has been dissolved; scale bar 200 µm. A2. Detail of interior of A1, with recrystallized and secondarily enlarged cocci; scale bar 100 µm. B. Exterior of ventral valve MGUH 26297, showing concentric zones of resistant phosphatic material (cocci) around the tubes result in knobs protruding over the surrounding regions; scale bar 500 µm. All specimens from the Bastion Formation (sample GGU 314905).

Fig. 9 in The Early Cambrian (Botomian) stem group brachiopod Mickwitzia from Northeast Greenland

Fig. 9. Mickwitzia cf. occidens Walcott. Fragmentary mature valves (indeterminate) MGUH 26311 (A), MGUH 26312 (B), MGUH 26313 (C). A1, A2. Pustulose mature ornamentation with low cone−shaped pustules, perforated by the radiating rows of large tubular openings; scale bar 200 µm. A3. Detail of cone−shaped pustules of A, also showing three large tubular openings; scale bar 50 µm. A4. Detail of pyramidal pustules of A1, showing also scattered large tubular openings; scale bar 50 µm. A5. Detail of large tubular opening of A1. Note lack of depressions around the aperture; scale bar 10 µm. A6. Detail of granular surface structure of A1 and pyramidal pustules; scale bar 50 µm. B. Detail of exfoliated surface of mature valve showing numerous openings to acrotretoid−type columns and single large tubular opening; scale bar 20 µm. C1. Section through re−crystallized primary layer with pyramidal pustules; scale bar 20 µm. C2. Detail of primary layer of C1; scale bar 10 µm. All specimens from the Ella Island Formation, sample GGU 314816.

Fig. 8 in The Early Cambrian (Botomian) stem group brachiopod Mickwitzia from Northeast Greenland

Fig. 8. Mickwitzia cf. occidens Walcott. A, B. Ventral valves; MGUH 26305 (A), MGUH 26306 (B). A1. Early mature valve showing beginning pustulose ornamentation; scale bar 500 µm. A2. Detail of pustule of A1; scale bar 20 µm. B1. Mature valve with exfoliated apex showing pustulose ornamentation with offset radiating rows; scale bar 500 µm. B2. Detail of pustulose ornamentation B1; scale bar 200 µm. B3. Oblique lateral view of B1; scale bar 500 µm. C. Dorsal valve MGUH 26307; scale bar 200 µm. All specimens from the Bastion Formation. A, sample GGU 314804; B, sample GGU 314814; C, sample GGU 314905.

Fig. 2. Mickwitzia occidens Walcott. A. Ventral valve MGUH 26294 in The Early Cambrian (Botomian) stem group brachiopod Mickwitzia from Northeast Greenland

Fig. 2. Mickwitzia occidens Walcott. A. Ventral valve MGUH 26294, lateral view of exterior; scale bar 500 µm. B. Ventral valve MGUH 26295, detail of exfoliated exterior with large tube and cocci; scale bar 20 µm. All specimens from the middle member of the Poleta Formation in Indian Springs Canyon, northern Montezuma Range, Esmeralda County, Nevada.