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opennotspecifiedJun 2015View details →

Fig. 1 in The phylogenetic position of Neogosseidae (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotida) and the origin of planktonic Gastrotricha

Fig. 1 Species of Neogosseidae included in this study. a Kijanebalola devestiva, habitus of adult specimen. Note the rounded posterior end with single median group of spines. b Neogossea acanthocolla, habitus of adult specimen. Note the truncate posterior end with a pair of tufts. c Neogossea antennigera, anterior two thirds of body of adult specimen. d N. antennigera, posterior end of body of adult specimen. Note the truncate posterior end with a pair of tufts. Scale bars: a and b, 50 μm; c and d, 25 μm

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2024View details →

Names, locations, sampling dates, physical characteristics, water chemistry, and plankton data in samples collected in Canadian Prairie lakes in July and August, 2023

<p>PPR Sample Lake Data.xlsx contains names, locations, sampling dates, physical characteristics, water chemistry, and plankton data in samples collected in Canadian Prairie lakes in July and August, 2023. PPR Sample Lake Fact Sheets.pdf contains fact sheets for every sampled lake including maps and essential lake, catchment, and water chemistry characteristics.  </p>

FIGURE 37. Maximum likelihood phylogram inferred from a in Entomoneis tenera sp. nov., a new marine planktonic diatom (Entomoneidaceae, Bacillariophyta) from the Adriatic Sea

FIGURE 37. Maximum likelihood phylogram inferred from a concatenated dataset of two markers: rbcL and psbC. Branch support is summarized above branches as ML Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP)/bootstrap values (BS). Taxon labels are indicated as name (in italic) strain (in bold). Canal raphe bearing diatoms (Surirellales, Rhopalodiales and Bacilarialles) are indicated on the right side of phylogram. ML tree is based on GTR+G+I evolutionary model with 1,000 bootstrap replicates and 40M Bayesian generations. The tree is rooted with Eunotia glacialis (FD46) and Eunotia pectinalis (NIES461). BPP/BS values of 1.0/100 are indicated with asterisk (*) and values below 0.5/50 are indicated with dash (-).

FIGURE 36. Maximum likelihood phylogram inferred from a in Entomoneis tenera sp. nov., a new marine planktonic diatom (Entomoneidaceae, Bacillariophyta) from the Adriatic Sea

FIGURE 36. Maximum likelihood phylogram inferred from a concatenated dataset of three markers: SSU, rbcL and psbC. Branch support is summarized above branches as ML Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP)/bootstrap values (BS). Taxon labels are indicated as name (in italic) strain (in bold). Canal raphe bearing diatoms (Surirellales, Rhopalodiales and Bacilarialles) are indicated on the right side of phylogram. ML tree is based on GTR+G+I evolutionary model with 1,000 bootstrap replicates and 60M Bayesian generations. The tree is rooted with Eunotia glacialis (FD46) and Eunotia pectinalis (NIES461). BPP/BS values of 1.0/100 are indicated with asterisk (*) and values below 0.5/50 are indicated with dash (-).

FIGURES 29–35. Entomoneis tenera strain PMFEN2 in Entomoneis tenera sp. nov., a new marine planktonic diatom (Entomoneidaceae, Bacillariophyta) from the Adriatic Sea

FIGURES 29–35. Entomoneis tenera strain PMFEN2, SEM and TEM. VC-valvocopula; C-copula. Girdle views (Figs 29–35). (29) Frustule with the girdle. (30) Fine structure of the copulae. (31) Fine structure of valvocopulae with teardrop shaped areolae and interareolae thickenings (arrow). (32) Cingulum. (33) Valve with cingulum and decussate appearance of the costae on the valve between valvocopulae (arrowhead) and junction line. (34, 35) Fine structure of copulae. Scale bars: Figs 29, 30=2 μm: Figs 32, 33=1 μm; Figs 31, 34, 35=300 nm.

FIGURES 23–28 Entomoneis tenera strain PMFEN2 in Entomoneis tenera sp. nov., a new marine planktonic diatom (Entomoneidaceae, Bacillariophyta) from the Adriatic Sea

FIGURES 23–28 Entomoneis tenera strain PMFEN2, SEM and TEM. Girdle views (Figs 26, 28), valve views (Figs 23, 24. 25, 27). (23, 24) Central part of the valve with central node and simple central raphe endings (arrowhead). (25) Simple terminal raphe ending. (26) Valve apex with simple terminal raphe ending. (27) Partial view of the valve with simple central and apical raphe endings. (28) Girdle view of cell apex showing simple apical raphe ending (arrow) Scale bars: Fig. 27=2 μm; Figs 23, 25, 28=1 μm; Figs 24, 26=300 nm.

FIGURES 12–15. Entomoneis tenera strain PMFEN2 in Entomoneis tenera sp. nov., a new marine planktonic diatom (Entomoneidaceae, Bacillariophyta) from the Adriatic Sea

FIGURES 12–15. Entomoneis tenera strain PMFEN2, SEM. Girdle view (Figs 12–14), valve view (Fig. 15). (12) Three cells attached with keels. (13) Cell twisted around the apical axis. (14) Girdle view of valve and cingulum with visible striation (costae bifurcation near the junction line indicated with an arrow). (15) Striation on the wing and valve body. Scale bars: Fig. 12=10 μm; Figs 13, 14, 15=2 μm.

FIGURES 1–11 in Entomoneis tenera sp. nov., a new marine planktonic diatom (Entomoneidaceae, Bacillariophyta) from the Adriatic Sea

FIGURES 1–11. Entomoneis tenera, LM. Live cells (Figs 1–8); cleaned material (Figs 9–11). Figs 9–11 taken from holotype permanent slide BRM ZU10/75. (1–4) Cells with various degree of torsion along the apical axis. (5, 6) Recently divided cells. Arrow in Fig. 6. shows the junction line. (8) Lanceolate valve. (9) Valve with sigmoid keel and scalpeliform apices. (10) Girdle view of the valve with straight to arcuate junction line (arrows in Figs 9, 10). (7, 11) Panduriform cell. Scale bars: Figs 8, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7=10 μm; Figs 3, 4, 9, 10, 11=5 μm.

FIGURES 16–22. Entomoneis tenera strain PMFEN2 in Entomoneis tenera sp. nov., a new marine planktonic diatom (Entomoneidaceae, Bacillariophyta) from the Adriatic Sea

FIGURES 16–22. Entomoneis tenera strain PMFEN2, SEM and TEM. Girdle views (Figs 18–20), valve views (Figs 16, 17, 21, 22), RF-raphe fibulae, BF-basal fibulae (junction line). (16) Valve with scalpeliform apices and junction line (arrowhead). (17) Valve with valvocopulae and sigmoid raphe-bearing keel (costae bifurcations are indicated by arrow). (18) Cell with complete girdle and indicated junction lines (arrowheads). (19, 20) Fine structure of the wing and valve body. (21) Adjacent basal fibulae fused with transverse connections (arrows). (22) Basal fibulae separating wing from valve body. Scale bars=1 μm.

FIGURES 117–127. Chaetoceros decipiens. Fig. 118 in The planktonic diatom genus Chaetoceros Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta) from the Adriatic Sea

FIGURES 117–127. Chaetoceros decipiens. Fig. 118: field material. Figs 119–127: cultured material. Figs 119, 123, 126: strain PMFDE1. Figs 120, 122: strain PMFDE3. Figs 117, 121, 124–125, 127: strain PMFE1. Figs 117–119: LM. Figs 120, 123–126: TEM. Figs 121, 122, 127: SEM. 118) Complete chain showing orientation of the setae. 118) Intercalary cells with the organic structures projecting from the girdle (arrows). 119) Cells with several chloroplasts. 120) Sibling valves joined by setae fusion and slice-shaped hyaline silica projections (black arrowheads) from the rim on the marginal ridge (arrow). Siliceous fringes extend from the mantle (white arrowheads). 121) Terminal valve with slice-shaped silica projection (arrowheads) and small external protrusion of the rimoportula (arrow). 122) Terminal valve with no visible external part of the rimoportula. 123) Detail of the terminal valve with rimoportula. 124) Detail of the terminal valve with rimoportula within the central annulus. 125) Detail of broken girdle bands. 126) Detail of a seta. 127) Seta tip. Scale bars: 117, 118=20 μm; 119=10 μm; 122=5 μm; 120=2 μm; 121, 125–127=1 μm; 123–124=0.5 μm.

FIGURES 128–141. Chaetoceros didymus, Chaetoceros diversus. Figs 128–130, 133–134 in The planktonic diatom genus Chaetoceros Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta) from the Adriatic Sea

FIGURES 128–141. Chaetoceros didymus, Chaetoceros diversus. Figs 128–130, 133–134: LM. Fig 131–132, 135, 138–139, 141: TEM. Figs 136–137, 140: SEM. Figs 128–132: Chaetoceros didymus field material. 128) Complete chain showing orientation of the setae. 129) Intercalary cells with two chloroplasts. 130) Valve view of the sibling valves with capilli. 131) Intercalary valve showing valve ornamentation. 132) Detail of a seta. Figs 133–134: Chaetoceros diversus field material. Figs 135–141 Chaetoceros diversus cultured material, strain PMFDIV1. 133) Complete chain with special setae. 134) Cells with a single chloroplast. 135) Two overlapped sibling valves showing valve ornamentation. 136) Sibling valves with fused projections (arrows). 137) External small projection of the rimoportula. 138) Rimoportula. 139) Detail of special intercalary seta. 140) Detail of a common seta. 141) Detail of the girdle band. Scale bars: 128, 133=20 μm; 129–130, 134=10 μm; 131=5 μm; 135–136, 138–141=1 μm; 132, 137=0.5 μm.

FIGURES 83–94. Chaetoceros contortus. Figs 83–84, 88–92 in The planktonic diatom genus Chaetoceros Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta) from the Adriatic Sea

FIGURES 83–94. Chaetoceros contortus. Figs 83–84, 88–92: culture material, strain PMFCO2. Fig. 93: strain PMFCO1. Figs 85–87: field material. Figs 83–86: LM. Figs 87–90, 92–94: TEM. Fig 91: SEM. 83) Complete chain showing orientation of the setae. 84) Middle part of a chain showing several small chloroplasts and typical hexagonal aperture. 85) Part of the chain with specialized intercalary setae. 86) Middle part of the chain with resting spores. 87) Valve face and mantle showing the reticulate area within the central annulus and small dots on the end of some costae (arrow). Note the hyaline rim with a rectangular projection (arrowhead). 88) Valve face with network of costae. 89) Sibling valves in valve view showing the hyaline rim on the marginal ridge. 90) Terminal valve with a club-like shaped external process of the rimoportula and rectangular siliceous projections (arrow). 91) Detail of the terminal valve with hole of the terminal process from the internal view. 92) Detail of a terminal valve with club-shaped rimoportula. 93) Detail of a girdle band. 94) Detail of a seta. Scale bars: 83=50 μm; 84–86=10 μm; 87, 89=2 μm; 88, 90–92, 94=1 μm; 93= 0.5 μm.

FIGURES 162–172. Chaetoceros socialis from culture material. Figs 162–163, 165 in The planktonic diatom genus Chaetoceros Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta) from the Adriatic Sea

FIGURES 162–172. Chaetoceros socialis from culture material. Figs 162–163, 165: strain PMFA3. Figs 164, 166–169, 172: strain PMFA6. Figs 170–171 strain PMFA7. Figs 162–165: LM. Figs 166, 170–172: SEM. Figs 167–169: TEM. 162) A spherical colony. 163) Three curved chains connected with the long setae. 164) Middle part of a chain with the resting spores within the parents cells. 165) Middle part of a chain showing the apertures. 166) Sibling valves in valve view showing the orientation of the setae. 167) Detail of the valve with the ornamentation pattern. 168) Intercalary valve in the girdle view. 169) Detail of a seta. Note the elongated poroid (arrow). 170) Complete resting spore. 171) Primary valve of the resting spore. 172) Secondary valve of the resting spore. Note the ring of puncta on the advalvar mantle margin (arrow). Scale bars: 162, 163=50 μm; 164=20 μm; 165=10 μm 166–168=2 μm; 170–172=1 μm; 169=0.5 μm.

FIGURES 54–62. Chaetoceros anastomosans. Culture material. Figs 54–55, 61 in The planktonic diatom genus Chaetoceros Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta) from the Adriatic Sea

FIGURES 54–62. Chaetoceros anastomosans. Culture material. Figs 54–55, 61: strain PMFAN2. Figs 56–60, 62: strain PMFAN1. Figs 54, 55: LM. Fig. 56: SEM. Figs 57–62: TEM. 54) A chain. 55) Middle part of a chain showing a cross-bridge connection between sibling cells and the wide octagonal aperture. 56) Sibling valves in valve view. 57) Cell in girdle view showing the hyaline rim at the mantle ridge (arrow). 58) Valve face showing the central annulus and dichotomously branching costae. 59) Slit-shaped rimoportula on a terminal valve. 60) Part of the girdle. 61) Cross-bridge between sibling setae. Arrow shows the elongated poroid perforating the setae. 62) Detail of a seta. Scale bars: 54=20 μm; 55=10 μm; 57, 60–61=2 μm; 56, 58=1 μm; 59, 62=0.5 μm.

FIGURES 105–116. Chaetoceros curvisetus. Figs 105, 114 in The planktonic diatom genus Chaetoceros Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta) from the Adriatic Sea

FIGURES 105–116. Chaetoceros curvisetus. Figs 105, 114: field material. Figs 106–113, 115–116: culture material. Figs 107, 109–112: strain PMFD2. Figs 108, 113, 115–116: strain PMFD6. Fig. 106: strain PMFD8. Figs 105–106, 114: LM. Figs 107, 109–112: TEM. Figs 108, 113, 115–116: SEM. 105) A chain in narrow girdle view showing orientation of the setae. 106) Intercalary cells with a single plate-like chloroplast. 107) Detail of the valve showing the valve ornamentation pattern. The arrow shows a dot-like costa end. 108) Outside view of the terminal valve with the hyaline rim on the marginal ridge and external flattened tube of the rimoportula. 109) Detail of the valve with external flattened tube of the rimoportula. 110) Central annulus with the slit-like aperture of the rimoportula. 111) Detail of the girdle. 112) Detail of a girdle band with transverse ribs and the inter-rib areas perforated with poroids. 113) Detail of a seta. 114) A cell with the resting spore. 115) Internal view of the resting spore primary valve with the fissured collar. 116) External view of the resting spore perforated by poroids. Scale bars: 105=20 μm; 106, 114=10 μm; 108, 115–116=5 μm; 107, 109–113=1 μm.

FIGURES 42–53. Chaetoceros affinis. Figs 42–43, 50–53 in The planktonic diatom genus Chaetoceros Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta) from the Adriatic Sea

FIGURES 42–53. Chaetoceros affinis. Figs 42–43, 50–53: field material. Figs 44–53: culture material. Figs 44, 47–48: strain PMFE1. Figs 45–46, 49–53: strain PMFC2. Figs 42, 50: LM. Figs 43, 45–49, 51–53: SEM. Fig 44: TEM. 42) A chain. 43) Sibling valves with silica membrane covering the aperture. Note the row of pores on the point of fusion with the marginal ridge (arrow). 44) Sibling valves showing the silica membrane ruptured on one side. The arrow indicates central annulus. 45) Detail of the terminal valve with short capilli and marginal rim (arrow). 46) Detail of the terminal valve with short capilli and beak-like process (arrow). 47) Circular cross-section of the intercalary seta. 48) Detail of intercalary seta. 49) Detail of thick terminal seta. 50) Resting spores within parental cells. 51) Secondary valve of the resting spore with both dichotomously branching and simple long spines. Arrow shows the single ring of puncta on the advalvar margin. 52) Valve view on the resting spore (not certain if primary or secondary valve) showing surface covered with knobs and dichotomously branching spines. 53) Secondary valves of the resting spores in formation inside two sibling valves joined by the siliceous membrane. Note the single ring of puncta on the advalvar margin of the mantle (arrow). Scale bars: 42=20 μm; 50=10 μm; 43, 53=5 μm; 44, 51–52=2 μm; 45–46, 48–49=1 μm. 47=0.5 μm.

FIGURES 2–12 in The planktonic diatom genus Chaetoceros Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta) from the Adriatic Sea

FIGURES 2–12. Chaetoceros coarctatus, Chaetoceros dadayi, Chaetoceros danicus. Figs 2–6: LM. Figs 7, 9–12: TEM. Fig. 8: SEM. Figs 2–3: Chaetoceros coarctatus field material. 2) Middle part of a chain, note the narrow apertures and attached ciliate cells. 3) Terminal part of a chain showing the orientation of the setae. Arrows indicate plastids within the setae. Fig. 4: Chaetoceros dadayi field material. Complete chain with the attached tininnid lorica. Note the characteristic orientation of intercalary setae. Figs 5–12: Chaetoceros danicus culture material, strain PMFDA1. 5) Cell in valve view, note the cross orientation of the setae. 6) Chain of two cells in girdle view. 7) Valve view showing the fine structure. 8) Internal view of the valve. 9) Fine structure of the two overlaid valves with the siliceous thickenings on the valve margin (arrow) 10) Detail of a seta. 11) Single side of the seta with arrowhead spines and poroids arranged in a grid pattern. 12) Detail of a girdle band. Scale bars: 3=50 μm; 2, 4, 5=20 μm; 6=10 μm; 7, 9=5 μm; 8=2 μm; 10–12=1 μm.

FIGURES 24–32. Chaetoceros peruvianus, Chaetoceros pseudodichaeta. Figs 24–28 in The planktonic diatom genus Chaetoceros Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta) from the Adriatic Sea

FIGURES 24–32. Chaetoceros peruvianus, Chaetoceros pseudodichaeta. Figs 24–28: LM. Figs 29–30: SEM. Figs 31–32: TEM. Figs 24– 26: Chaetoceros peruvianus field material. 24) Single cell showing setae orientation. 25) Cell in girdle view. Note the tooth-like structure between the setae on the anterior valve (arrow). 26) Detail of seta with spines and chloroplasts. Figs 27–29: Chaetoceros pseudodichaeta field material. 27) Complete chain showing the typical three-dimensional setae orientation. Note the orientation of the terminal setae. 28) Terminal cell of the chain with the long tubular process. 29) Two sibling valves showing the fusion point of the setae which afterwards diverge in various directions. Note the hyaline rim on the valve edge (arrow). Figs 30–32: Chaetoceros pseudodichaeta, culture material strain PMFED1. 30) Valve with silica projections and rimoportula (arrow). 31) Valve face with the annulus, branching costae and few capilli (arrow). 32) Detail of a seta with large poroid marked with an arrow. Scale bars: 24=50 μm; 25, 27=20 μm; 28=10 μm; 29–31=2 μm; 26, 32= 1 μm.

FIGURES 195–198. Chaetoceros bacteriastroides field material. Figs 195–196 in The planktonic diatom genus Chaetoceros Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta) from the Adriatic Sea

FIGURES 195–198. Chaetoceros bacteriastroides field material. Figs 195–196: LM. Figs 197–198: SEM. 195) Complete chain showing orientation of the setae. Arrow shows the reduced undulated setae. 196) Terminal part of the chain with cells containing numerous chloroplasts and coiled setae (arrow). 197) Sibling valves in girdle view showing two pairs of reduced coiled setae and two fused parts of common intercalary setae. Arrow points to the shoehorn shaped outgrowth on the valve edge. 198) Detail of the intercalary common setae with small spines (arrowhead) and spirally undulated setae with T-shaped spines (arrow). Scale bars: 195=20 μm; 196=10 μm; 197=5 μm; 198=1 μm.

FIGURES 95–104. Chaetoceros costatus. Fig. 96 in The planktonic diatom genus Chaetoceros Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta) from the Adriatic Sea

FIGURES 95–104. Chaetoceros costatus. Fig. 96: field material. Figs 95, 97–104: culture material. Figs 95, 99–100, 102: strain PMFB7. Figs 97–98: strain PMFB8. Figs 101, 103–104: strain PMFB6. Figs 95–96: LM. Figs 97–100, 102: TEM. Figs 101, 103–104: SEM. 95) Complete chain showing orientation of the setae. 96) Middle part of a chain showing the visible edges of the girdle bands (arrow). 97) Sibling valves, note the fusion of protuberances and sibling setae joining the cells. Arrow indicates hyaline rim on the marginal ridge. 98) Valve face of the terminal valve showing eccentric annulus and costae pattern. 99) External flattened tube of the rimoportula. 100) Slit-shaped aperture of the rimoportula. 101) Detail of a seta. 102) Girdle composed of half-bands with the thickened edges on advalvar bands. 103) Primary valve with hooked spines. The edge of the valve and the mantle are covered with silica membranes which appear to be remains of the girdle left from the parent cell. 104) Secondary valve with conical spines and single marginal ring of poroids. 95–96=10 μm; 97–98, 102, 103–104=2 μm; 99, 101= 0.5 μm.