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558 results for “Species interactions”
What feeds on Quercus ilex L.? A biogeographical approach to studying trophic interactions in a Mediterranean keystone species
<p>Holm oak (<i>Quercus ilex</i> L.) is regarded as a keystone plant species. Although trophic interactions may affect the phytophagous species distribution and abundance, the number of arthropod species using holm oak as a food resource and their levels of host specificity is not yet known. Here we aim to quantify these species, their feeding strategies and conservation status, investigate the taxonomic relatedness in each trophic guild and assess their degree of host specificity with the holm oak.<span>We reviewed the existing literature and compiled information about all arthropod species that feed on <i>Q. ilex</i>, as well as their feeding strategies and conservation status. We also investigated the relationships between trophic guilds and the taxonomic relatedness of species and assessed the degree of climatic niche overlap with holm oak. We found that 605 species feed on seven different parts of the holm oak plant (<i>i.e</i>., feeding strategies). More than 90% of these species lack a conservation status assessment and eight are threatened by human activities, either as vulnerable, endangered, or critically endangered. A significant phylogenetic relationship was found between taxonomic relatedness and groups of arthropods that feed on the same part of the plant (<i>i.e</i>., trophic guilds). Twenty percent of the species had similar niches, thereby indicating the potentially high host dependence of these species. </span>This study highlights the significance of a keystone tree species for arthropod conservation and the need for further research into the distribution and conservation status of arthropod species in Mediterranean holm oak woodlands.</p>
Figure 3 from: Tepe E, Rodríguez-Castañeda G, Glassmire A, Dyer L (2014) Piper kelleyi, a hotspot of ecological interactions and a new species from Ecuador and Peru. PhytoKeys 34: 19-32. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.34.6376
Figure 3 - Distribution of Piper kelleyi. A Distribution of known localities based on collections (open diamonds) and study plots used to gather natural history data (blue circles) B Predicted distribution based on analysis of habitat parameters using the maximum entropy method. Areas in red are the most likely to have suitable habitat for Piper kelleyi (probability = 0.75–0.87), and areas in blue (0.02–0.08) or unlabeled (< 0.02) are the least likely.
Figure 3 from: Desreumaux N, Chrétiennot-Dinet M, Vignes-Lebbe R (2014) An interactive key to the Chrysochromulina species (Haptophyta) described in the literature. PhytoKeys 34: 47-60. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.34.6242
Figure 3 - Example of screen of the free access key. On the left the user chooses descriptor and states with the help of the additional ressources, text and images in the center of the screen. On the right the lists of remaining and eliminated species.
Figure 4 from: Tepe E, Rodríguez-Castañeda G, Glassmire A, Dyer L (2014) Piper kelleyi, a hotspot of ecological interactions and a new species from Ecuador and Peru. PhytoKeys 34: 19-32. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.34.6376
Figure 4 - A Leaf of Piper kelleyi with characteristic herbivory marks or "windows" made by the specialist herbivore Eois species of Eois that specialize on Piper kelleyi include B Eois viridiflava (Dognin) C Eois aff. viridiflava (Dognin) D Eois ignefumata (Dognin) E Eois planetaria (Dognin) F Eois aff. pallidicosta (Warren) G Eois encina (Dognin) H Eois aff. encina (Dognin).
Figure 2 from: Tepe E, Rodríguez-Castañeda G, Glassmire A, Dyer L (2014) Piper kelleyi, a hotspot of ecological interactions and a new species from Ecuador and Peru. PhytoKeys 34: 19-32. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.34.6376
Figure 2 - Piper kelleyi. A Habit B Close-up of leaves showing characteristic red color of younger leaves [Tepe et al. 2381] C Close-up of inflorescence [Tepe et al. 2615] D Close-up of infructescence [Tepe et al. 1597].
Figure 1 from: Tepe E, Rodríguez-Castañeda G, Glassmire A, Dyer L (2014) Piper kelleyi, a hotspot of ecological interactions and a new species from Ecuador and Peru. PhytoKeys 34: 19-32. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.34.6376
Figure 1 - Piper kelleyi Tepe. A leaf and inflorescence B Stamen C fruit in lateral view D Fruit in apical view E Bracts in apical view. [A and E (lower) drawn from Tepe et al. 1597; B–E (upper) drawn from Tepe et al. 2615]
Figure 1 from: Desreumaux N, Chrétiennot-Dinet M, Vignes-Lebbe R (2014) An interactive key to the Chrysochromulina species (Haptophyta) described in the literature. PhytoKeys 34: 47-60. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.34.6242
Figure 1 - Comparison of the two forms of Prymnesium palpebrale. The two forms are very similar and differ only on scales and appendices.
Figure 2 from: Desreumaux N, Chrétiennot-Dinet M, Vignes-Lebbe R (2014) An interactive key to the Chrysochromulina species (Haptophyta) described in the literature. PhytoKeys 34: 47-60. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.34.6242
Figure 2 - Comparison of the five species of the new genus Haptolina. The column «intersection» on the right side gives the values shared by the five species.
Figure 4 from: Desreumaux N, Chrétiennot-Dinet M, Vignes-Lebbe R (2014) An interactive key to the Chrysochromulina species (Haptophyta) described in the literature. PhytoKeys 34: 47-60. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.34.6242
Figure 4 - Example of descriptors (in red) that allow differentiation between Chrysochromulina lanceolata and a specimen under identification.
Figure 26 from: Akkari N, Koon-Bong Cheung D, Enghoff H, Stoev P (2013) Revolving SEM images visualising 3D taxonomic characters: application to six species of the millipede genus Ommatoiulus Latzel, 1884, with description of seven new species and an interactive key to the Tunisian members of the genus (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae). ZooKeys 328: 5-45. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.328.5763
Figure 26 - Ommatoiulus khroumiriensis sp. n. paratype, left posterior gonopod. Interactive SEM image. [Morphbank # 831016–831034]
Figures 20-25 from: Akkari N, Koon-Bong Cheung D, Enghoff H, Stoev P (2013) Revolving SEM images visualising 3D taxonomic characters: application to six species of the millipede genus Ommatoiulus Latzel, 1884, with description of seven new species and an interactive key to the Tunisian members of the genus (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae). ZooKeys 328: 5-45. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.328.5763
Figures 20-25 - Ommatoiulus khroumiriensis sp. n. paratypes, gonopod structures. 20 Right promerite, posterior view 21 Right posterior gonopod, mesal view 22 Right posterior gonopod, lateral view 23 Right posterior gonopod, meso-posterior view 24 Right posterior gonopod, anterior-mesal view 25 Right posterior gonopod,anterior view. Abbreviations: ap distal process of the promerite, ap2 lobed process, Co coxite, ds distal process of the solenomerite, F fovea, g seminal groove, hp3, hp4 distal processes of the solenomerite, i lateral incision of the promerite, mp blunt mesal process, M mesal ridge, Ms mesomerite, n notch of the solenomerite, pr triangular subapical process of the solenomerite, Px paracoxite, S solenomerite. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.
Figure 13 from: Akkari N, Koon-Bong Cheung D, Enghoff H, Stoev P (2013) Revolving SEM images visualising 3D taxonomic characters: application to six species of the millipede genus Ommatoiulus Latzel, 1884, with description of seven new species and an interactive key to the Tunisian members of the genus (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae). ZooKeys 328: 5-45. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.328.5763
Figure 13 - Ommatoiulus crassinigripes sp. n. paratype,right posterior gonopod. Interactive rotating SEM image. [Morphbank # 831189–831207]
Figure 19 from: Akkari N, Koon-Bong Cheung D, Enghoff H, Stoev P (2013) Revolving SEM images visualising 3D taxonomic characters: application to six species of the millipede genus Ommatoiulus Latzel, 1884, with description of seven new species and an interactive key to the Tunisian members of the genus (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae). ZooKeys 328: 5-45. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.328.5763
Figure 19 - Ommatoiulus kefi sp. n. holotype, right posterior gonopod. Interactive SEM image. [Morphbank # 831208-831227]
Figures 7-12 from: Akkari N, Koon-Bong Cheung D, Enghoff H, Stoev P (2013) Revolving SEM images visualising 3D taxonomic characters: application to six species of the millipede genus Ommatoiulus Latzel, 1884, with description of seven new species and an interactive key to the Tunisian members of the genus (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae). ZooKeys 328: 5-45. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.328.5763
Figures 7-12 - Ommatoiulus crassinigripes sp. n. paratype,gonopod structures. 7 Left promerite, posterior view 8 Right posterior gonopod, lateral view 9 Right posterior gonopod, anterior view 10 Right posterior gonopod, mesal view 11 Right posterior gonopod, posterior view 12 Right posterior gonopod latero-posterior view.Abbreviations: ap distal process of the promerite, ap1 apical mesal process, Co coxite, ds distal process of the solenomerite, F fovea, g seminal groove, ho hook-shaped process, hp1, hp1 distal processes of the solenomerite, i lateral margin incision of the promerite, M mesal ridge, Ms mesomerite, mp distal blunt process of the mesal ridge, n notch of the solenomerite, pr triangular process of the solenomerite, Px paracoxite, S solenomerite, T remnant of telepodite. Scale bar: 0.1 mm
Figure 42 from: Akkari N, Koon-Bong Cheung D, Enghoff H, Stoev P (2013) Revolving SEM images visualising 3D taxonomic characters: application to six species of the millipede genus Ommatoiulus Latzel, 1884, with description of seven new species and an interactive key to the Tunisian members of the genus (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae). ZooKeys 328: 5-45. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.328.5763
Figure 42 - Ommatoiulus crassinigripes sp. n., Ommatoiulus khroumiriensis sp. n. and Ommatoiulus punicus. Scatter diagram illustrating size of adult males expressed as maximum vertical body diameter (mm) vs number of podous rings in different developmental stadia (8–11RO).
Figure 40 from: Akkari N, Koon-Bong Cheung D, Enghoff H, Stoev P (2013) Revolving SEM images visualising 3D taxonomic characters: application to six species of the millipede genus Ommatoiulus Latzel, 1884, with description of seven new species and an interactive key to the Tunisian members of the genus (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae). ZooKeys 328: 5-45. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.328.5763
Figure 40 - Ommatoiulus chambiensis and Ommatoiulus xerophilus spp. n.Scatter diagram illustrating size of adult males expressed as maximum vertical body diameter (mm) vs number of podous rings in different developmental stadia (8–11RO).
Figure 41 from: Akkari N, Koon-Bong Cheung D, Enghoff H, Stoev P (2013) Revolving SEM images visualising 3D taxonomic characters: application to six species of the millipede genus Ommatoiulus Latzel, 1884, with description of seven new species and an interactive key to the Tunisian members of the genus (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae). ZooKeys 328: 5-45. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.328.5763
Figure 41 - Ommatoiulus punicus,specimen from Jebel Rsas, NE Tunisia, right posterior gonopod. Interactive SEM image. [Morphbank # 831228–831245]
Figure 35 from: Akkari N, Koon-Bong Cheung D, Enghoff H, Stoev P (2013) Revolving SEM images visualising 3D taxonomic characters: application to six species of the millipede genus Ommatoiulus Latzel, 1884, with description of seven new species and an interactive key to the Tunisian members of the genus (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae). ZooKeys 328: 5-45. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.328.5763
Figure 35 - Ommatoiulus xerophilus sp. n. paratype, right posterior gonopod. Interactive SEM image. [Morphbank # 831246–831263]
Figures 36-39 from: Akkari N, Koon-Bong Cheung D, Enghoff H, Stoev P (2013) Revolving SEM images visualising 3D taxonomic characters: application to six species of the millipede genus Ommatoiulus Latzel, 1884, with description of seven new species and an interactive key to the Tunisian members of the genus (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae). ZooKeys 328: 5-45. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.328.5763
Figures 36-39 - Ommatoiulus zaghouani sp. n. holotype, gonopod structures. 36 Left promerite, posterior view 37 Left posterior gonopod, mesal view 38 Left posterior gonopods, anterior view 39 Left posterior gonopods, postero-lateral view. Abbreviations: bp1, bp2: small bumps on the apical lateral process, Co coxite, ds distal process of the solenomerite, F fovea, fl folded lamella, g seminal groove, M mesal ridge, Ms mesomerite, i lateral incision on the promerite, Px paracoxite, rp apical mesal process of the promerite, S solenomerite, se serrated process, tp: triangular distal process. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.
Figures 31-34 from: Akkari N, Koon-Bong Cheung D, Enghoff H, Stoev P (2013) Revolving SEM images visualising 3D taxonomic characters: application to six species of the millipede genus Ommatoiulus Latzel, 1884, with description of seven new species and an interactive key to the Tunisian members of the genus (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae). ZooKeys 328: 5-45. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.328.5763
Figures 31-34 - Ommatoiulus xerophilus sp. n. paratype,gonopod structures. 31 Left gonopod, mesal view 32 Rightpromerite, posterior view 33 Rightposterior gonopod, mesal view 34 Rightposterior gonopod, latero-posterior view. Abbreviations: ap distal process of the promerite, Co coxite, ds distal process of the solenomerite, F fovea, g seminal groove, M mesal ridge, Ms mesomerite, P promerite, Px paracoxite, S solenomerite, se serrations, wl wrinkled lamella. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.