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11,837 results for “Stress;”
Heat stress responses of the kelp Laminaria digitata (Phaeophyceae) across Northeast Atlantic populations: growth, biochemistry, chlorophyll fluorescence, pigments
<p>To understand the thermal plasticity of a coastal foundation species across its latitudinal distribution, we assess physiological responses to high temperature stress in the kelp <i>Laminaria digitata</i> in combination with population genetic characteristics and relate heat resilience to genetic features and phylogeography. We hypothesize that populations from Arctic and cold-temperate locations are less heat resilient than populations from warm distributional edges. Using meristems of natural <i>L. digitata</i> populations from six locations ranging between Kongsfjorden, Spitsbergen (79°N), and Quiberon, France (47°N), we performed a common-garden heat stress experiment applying 15°C to 23°C over eight days. We assessed growth, photosynthetic quantum yield, carbon and nitrogen storage, and xanthophyll pigment contents as response traits. Population connectivity and genetic diversity were analysed with microsatellite markers. Results from the heat stress experiment suggest that the upper temperature limit of <i>L. digitata</i> is nearly identical across its distribution range, but subtle differences in growth and stress responses were revealed for three populations from the species' ecological range margins. Two populations at the species' warm distribution limit showed higher temperature tolerance compared to other populations in growth at 19°C and recovery from 21°C (Quiberon, France), and photosynthetic quantum yield and xanthophyll pigment responses at 23°C (Helgoland, Germany). In <i>L. digitata</i> from the northernmost population (Spitsbergen, Norway), quantum yield indicated the highest heat sensitivity. Microsatellite genotyping revealed all sampled populations to be genetically distinct, with a strong hierarchical structure between southern and northern clades. Genetic diversity was lowest in the isolated population of the North Sea island of Helgoland and highest in Roscoff in the English Channel. All together, these results support the hypothesis of moderate local differentiation across <i>L. digitata</i>'s European distribution, whereas effects are likely too weak to ameliorate the species' capacity to withstand ocean warming and marine heatwaves at the southern range edge.</p>
Multiple genetic trajectories to extreme abiotic stress adaptation in Arctic Brassicaceae
<p>Extreme environments offer powerful opportunities to study how different organisms have adapted to similar selection pressures at the molecular level. The Arctic is one of the most hostile environments on Earth, and the few plant species inhabiting this region typically possess suites of similar morphological and physiological adaptations to extremes in light and temperature. Here we compare patterns of molecular evolution in three Brassicaceae species that have independently colonized the Arctic, and present some of the first genetic evidence for plant adaptations to the Arctic environment. By testing for positive selection and identifying convergent substitutions in orthologous gene alignments for a total of 15 Brassicaceae species, we find that positive selection has been acting on different genes, but similar functional pathways in the three Arctic lineages. The positively selected gene sets identified in the three Arctic species showed convergent functional profiles associated with extreme abiotic stress characteristic of the Arctic. However, there was little evidence for independently fixed mutations at the same sites and for positive selection acting on the same genes. The three species appear to have evolved similar suites of adaptations by modifying different components in similar stress response pathways, implying that there could be many genetic trajectories for adaptation to the Arctic environment. By identifying candidate genes and functional pathways potentially involved in Arctic adaptation, our results provide a framework for future studies aimed at testing for the existence of a functional syndrome of Arctic adaptation in the Brassicaceae and perhaps flowering plants in general. </p>
Supplemental Material to Article "A practical approach for the peel stress prediction in the trailing-edge adhesive joint of wind turbine blades"
<p>This set supplements the figure data to the article "A practical approach for the peel stress prediction in the trailing-edge adhesive joint of wind turbine blades", DOI: .</p>
Behavioral effects of chronic stress in Carioca High- and Low-conditioned Freezing rats
<p><span>Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) is a widely used model to study stress-coping strategies in rodents. Different factors have been shown to influence whether animals adopt passive or active coping responses to CUMS. Individual adaptation and susceptibility to the environment seem to play a critical role in this process. To further investigate this relationship, we examined the effects of CUMS on Carioca high- and low-conditioned freezing rats (CHF and CLF, respectively), bidirectional lines of animals selected for high and low freezing in response to contextual cues that were previously associated with footshocks. For this purpose, the behavior of CHF and CLF animals was evaluated in the contextual fear conditioning, open field, elevated T maze, and forced swimming tests before and after 21 days of CUMS. Animals kept under standard housing conditions were used as controls. For all tests, CHF rats were more susceptible to the effects of CUMS compared to CLF and control groups. CHF animals exposed to CUMS displayed a reduction in freezing behavior, decreased number of entries and time spent in the center of the open field, greater latencies to become immobile, and increased avoidance and escaping behaviors in the elevated T maze. Overall, these findings support the hypothesis that a heightened susceptibility to the environment exerts a strong influence on coping responses to chronic stress.</span></p>
Phylogenetic restriction of plant invasion in drought-stressed environments: implications for insect-pollinated plant communities in water-limited ecosystems
<p><span><strong>Background</strong>: Plant-pollinator community diversity has been found to decrease under conditions of drought stress, however research into the temporal dimensions of this phenomenon remains limited. In this study, we investigated the effect of seasonal drought on the temporal niche dynamics of entomophilous flowering plants in a water-limited ecosystem. We hypothesized that closely related native and exotic plants would tend to share similar life history, and that peak flowering events would therefore coincide with phylogenetic clustering in plant communities based on expected phenological responses of plant functional types to limitations in soil moisture availability.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Location</strong>:<b> </b>Galiano Island, British Columbia, Canada</span></p> <p><span><strong>Methods</strong>:<b> </b>Combining methods from pollinator research and phylogenetic community ecology, we tested the influence of environmental filtering over plant community phenology across gradients of landscape disturbance and soil moisture. Floral resource availability and community structure were quantified by counts of flowering shoots. We constructed a robust phylogeny to analyze spatial and temporal variation in phylogenetic patterns across the landscape, testing the significance of the observed patterns against a randomly generated community phylogeny. Phylogenetic metrics were then regressed against factors of disturbance and soil moisture availability. </span></p> <p><span><strong>Results</strong>:<b> </b>Critical seasonal fluctuations in floral resources coincided with significant phylogenetic clustering in plant communities, with decreasing plant diversity observed under conditions of increasing drought stress. Exotic plant species in the Asteraceae became increasingly pervasive across the landscape, occupying a late season temporal niche in drought-stressed environments.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Main conclusion</strong>:<b> </b>Results suggest that environmental filtering is the dominant assembly process structuring the temporal niche of plant communities in this water-limited ecosystem. Based on these results, and trends seen elsewhere, the overall diversity of plant-pollinator communities may be expected to decline with the increasing drought stress predicted under future climate scenarios.</span></p>
Cellular and whole‐organism effects of prolonged versus acute heat stress in a montane, desert lizard
<p>Global climate change involves both prolonged periods of higher-than-normal temperatures, and short but extreme heat waves. Both types of temperature increases are likely to be detrimental to ectotherms, and even if such temperature increases do not cause mortality directly, compensating for such temperature increases will likely entail costs to organisms. We tested the effects of prolonged periods of higher-than-average temperatures and short-term, acute heat stress in wild populations of greater short-horned lizards (<i>Phrynosoma hernandesi</i>), a temperate, montane lizard of the Colorado Plateau, U.S.A. We transplanted one group of lizards from a high- to a low-elevation site, exposing them to a prolonged period of warmer temperatures. These lizards, exposed to prolonged periods of higher-than-average temperatures, experienced no change in sprint speed, endurance, or heat shock protein production after treatment compared to baseline levels; however, they had lower water content after the transplant to a warmer climate compared to before the transplant. We exposed a second group of lizards to acute heat stress by exposing them to thermally stressful temperatures for four hours. These lizards, exposed to a short period of acute heat stress, had no change in endurance, water content, or heat shock protein production following acute heat stress; however, lizards exposed to acute heat stress had slower sprint speeds than control lizards. Our results demonstrate that both prolonged temperature increases and acute heat stress, each of which are predicted to occur with climate change, had different cellular and/or whole organismal-level effects on lizards.</p>
Quantifying thermal exposure for migratory riverine species: phenology of Chinook salmon populations predicts thermal stress
<p>Migratory species are particularly vulnerable to climate change because habitat throughout their entire migration cycle must be suitable for the species to persist. For migratory species in rivers, predicting climate change impacts is especially difficult because there is a lack of spatially-continuous and seasonally-varying stream temperature data, habitat conditions can vary for an individual throughout its life cycle, and vulnerability can vary by life stage and season. To predict thermal impacts on migratory riverine populations, we first expanded a spatial stream network model to predict mean monthly temperature for 465,775 river km in the western U.S., and then applied simple yet plausible future stream-temperature change scenarios. We then joined stream temperature predictions to 44,396 spatial observations and life stage-specific phenology (timing) for 26 ecotypes (i.e. geographically distinct population groups expressing one of four distinct seasonal migration patterns) of Chinook salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i>), a phenotypically diverse anadromous salmonid that is ecologically and economically important but declining throughout its range. Thermal stress, assessed for each life stage and ecotype based on federal criteria, was influenced by migration timing rather than latitude, elevation, or migration distance, such that sympatric ecotypes often showed differential thermal exposure. Early-migration phenotypes were especially vulnerable due to prolonged residency in inland streams during the summer. We evaluated the thermal suitability of 31,699 stream km which are currently blocked by dams to explore reintroduction above dams as an option to mitigate the negative effects of our warmer stream temperature scenarios. Our results showed that negative impacts of stream temperature warming can be offset for almost all ecotypes if formerly occupied habitat above dams is made available. Our approach of combining spatial distribution and phenology data with spatially- and temporally-explicit temperature predictions enables researchers to examine thermal exposure of migrating populations that use seasonally-varying habitats.</p>
Multi-omics analysis reveals the glycolipid metabolism response mechanism in the liver of Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus) under hypoxia stress
<p><span><b>Background: </b>Dissolved oxygen (DO) in the water is a vital abiotic factor in aquatic animal farming. A hypoxic environment affects the growth, metabolism, and immune system of fish. Glycolipid metabolism is a vital energy pathway under acute hypoxic stress, and it plays a significant role in the adaptation of fish to stressful environments. In this study, we used multi-omics integrative analyses to explore the mechanisms of hypoxia adaptation in Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT, <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>). </span></p> <p><span><b>Results:</b><b> </b>The 96 h median lethal hypoxia (96h-LH50) for GIFT was determined by linear interpolation. We established control (DO: 5 mg/L) groups (CG) and hypoxic stress (96h-LH50) groups (HG) and extracted liver tissues for high-throughput transcriptome and metabolome sequencing. A total of 581 differentially expressed (DE) genes and 1250 DE metabolites were detected between CG and HG, and were annotated using tools at the KEGG database. We verified the transcript levels of eight DE genes by quantitative real-time PCR.</span></p> <p><span><b>Conclusions: </b>Analyses of essential glycolipid metabolism pathways of GIFT under hypoxia stress showed that, after 96 h of hypoxia stress, lipid metabolism became the primary metabolic pathway in GIFT. Our findings reveal the changes in metabolites and gene expression that occur under hypoxia stress, and shed light on the regulatory pathways that function under such conditions. Ultimately, this information will be useful to devise strategies to decrease the damage caused by hypoxia stress in farmed fish.</span></p>
Sliding velocity, water discharge and basal shear stress time series at Argentière Glacier
<p>The data set contains all data presented in:</p> <p>Gimbert, F., Gilbert, A., Gagliardini, O., Vincent, C., & Moreau, L. (2021). Do Existing Theories Explain Seasonal to Multi-Decadal Changes in Glacier Basal Sliding Speed? <em>Geophysical Research Letters</em>, <em>48</em>(15), e2021GL092858. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL092858">https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL092858</a></p> <p>and also in:</p> <p>Gilbert, A., Gimbert, F., Thøgersen, K., Schuler, T. V., & Kääb, A. (2022). A Consistent Framework for Coupling Basal Friction with Subglacial Hydrology on Hard-bedded Glaciers. <em>Geophysical Research Letters</em>, <em>49</em>, e2021GL097507. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL097507">https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL097507</a></p> <p>Files Description:</p> <p>==================================<br> SlidingVelocities1989_2019.csv :<br> ==================================</p> <p>Contains daily values of recorded sliding velocities at the wheel.</p> <p>Column 1 = Date<br> Column 2 = Daily Values (cm/day)</p> <p>================================<br> BasalShearStress1980_2019.csv :<br> ================================</p> <p>Contains daily values of inferred basal shear stress at the wheel.</p> <p>Column 1 = Date<br> Column 2 = Daily Values (MPa)</p> <p>================================<br> WaterDischarge1985_2019.csv :<br> ================================</p> <p>Contains daily values of recorded water discharge at the glacier outlet</p> <p>Column 1 = Date<br> Column 2 = Daily Values (m3/s)</p>
Social groups with diverse personalities mitigate physiological stress in a songbird
<p>Social groups often consist of diverse phenotypes, including personality types, and this diversity is known to affect the functioning of the group as a whole. Social selection theory proposes that group composition (i.e. social environment) also influences the performance of individual group members. However, the effect of group behavioural composition on group members remains largely unexplored, and it is still contentious whether individuals benefit more in a social environment with homogeneous or diverse behavioural composition. We experimentally formed groups of house sparrows <i>Passer domesticus</i> with high and low diversity of personality (exploratory behaviour), and found that their physiological state (body condition, physiological stress and oxidative damage) improved with increasing group-level diversity of personality. These findings demonstrate that group personality composition affects the condition of group members and individuals benefit from social heterosis (i.e. associating with a diverse set of behavioural types). This aspect of social life can play a key role in affiliation rules of social animals and might explain the evolutionary coexistence of different personalities in nature.</p>
Data for 'Heat stress destabilizes symbiotic nutrient cycling in corals'
<p>Physiological data (tab 1) and NanoSIMS data (tab 2) associated with publication 'Heat stress destabilizes symbiotic nutrient cycling in corals'. </p>
Supplementary Materials for "Transcriptome responses to heat and cold stress in prepupae of Trichogramma chilonis"
<p>Prepupae of <em>T. chilonis</em> were exposed to 10 (T1), 25 (T2), and 40°C (T3) for 4 h. Transcriptome of each group was sequenced. Comparison analysis was further performed to explore the molecular response to temperature stresses. These supplementary materials could provide us with a comprehensive view of the molecular mechanisms of <em>T. chilonis</em> in response to temperature stresses.</p>
Overyielding in young tree communities does not support the stress-gradient hypothesis and is favoured by functional diversity and higher water availability
<p class="CxSpFirst"><strong>Summary:</strong></p> <ol> <li class="CxSpMiddle">Biodiversity effects on productivity and other ecosystem functions are strongly dependent on climate and resource availability. Based on the stress-gradient hypothesis, under conditions of greater abiotic stress, diversity effects on plant performance are intensified due to the increased relative importance of positive plant interactions. However, whether this hypothesis is consistently applicable in forest systems remains unclear. A field trial was established to test the stress-gradient hypothesis and examine diversity effects on aboveground biomass production of young trees in mixtures exposed to different water availability.</li> <li class="CxSpMiddle">Six native tree species of northern temperate forests (<i>Acer saccharum</i>,<i> Betula papyrifera</i>,<i> Larix laricina</i>,<i> Picea glauca, Pinus strobus</i>,<i> and Quercus rubra</i>) were planted as monocultures and as mixtures of two, four, and six species. For five growing seasons, four replicates of each community were exposed to conditions of either low- or high-water availability created by rainfall exclusion and weekly irrigation, respectively. Growth-years 4 and 5 were significantly different when the climatic water balance of the growing seasons were compared. We tested the effects of functional diversity on: (1) total growth of mixtures under low- and high-water availability, and (2) annual growth in years 4 (higher water availability, 2017) and 5 (lower water availability, 2018).</li> <li class="CxSpMiddle">Annual growth of most species in both years was greater under high- vs. low-water availability. Functional diversity had a significant positive effect on total biomass production and annual growth, and this effect was more strongly expressed under high-water availability. Functional diversity effects on annual growth did not differ between years 4 and 5 regardless of their climatic water balance. Functional and species identity were key to understanding productivity responses to mixture and treatment effects.</li> <li class="CxSpMiddle"> <i>Synthesis</i>: Contrary to the stress-gradient hypothesis, the positive effects of functional diversity on productivity were enhanced by high-water availability and were independent of seasonal water balance.</li> </ol>
Dynamic physiological and transcriptome changes reveal a po-tential relationship between the circadian clock and salt stress response in Ulmus pumila
<p>Despite the important role the circadian clock plays in numerous critical physiological responses in plants, such as hypocotyl elongation, leaf movement, stomatal opening, flowering, and stress responses, there have been no investigations into the effect of the circadian clock on physiological and transcriptional networks under salt stress. <em>Ulmus pumila</em> L.—a major tree species used for timber, shelter, food, medicine, fodder, and ecological protection—has been reported to tolerate 100~150 mM NaCl treatment. We performed a time-course physiological and transcriptome analysis of 2-years-old <em>U. pumila</em> seedlings under salt treatment to dissect the physiological regulation and potential relationship between the circadian clock and the salt stress response. Seedlings in 150 mM NaCl treatment exhibited salt-induced physiological enhancement compared to the control group. A total of 7,009 unigenes were identified under salt stress, of which 283 unigenes were identified as circadian rhythm genes and 16 unigenes were differentially expressed (circadian rhythm-related DEGs). Further analysis of dynamic expression changes revealed that DEGs involved in four crucial pathways—photosynthesis, thiamine metabolism, abscisic acid synthesis and metabolism, and the hormone-MAPK signal crosstalk pathway—are closely related to the circadian clock. Finally, we constructed a co-expression network between the circadian clock and these four crucial pathways. Our results help shed light on the molecular link between the circadian clock and salt stress tolerance in <em>U. pumila</em>.</p>
Data from: The effects of stress and glucocorticoids on vocalizations: a test in North American red squirrels
Acoustic signaling is an important means by which animals communicate both stable and labile characteristics. Although it is widely appreciated that vocalizations can convey information on labile state, such as fear and aggression, fewer studies have experimentally examined the acoustic expression of stress state. The transmission of such public information about physiological state could have broad implications, potentially influencing the behavior and life history traits of neighbors. North American red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) produce vocalizations known as rattles that advertise territorial ownership. We examined the influence of changes in physiological stress state on rattle acoustic structure through the application of a stressor (trapping and handling the squirrels) and by provisioning squirrels with exogenous glucocorticoids (GCs). We characterized the acoustic structure of rattles emitted by these squirrels by measuring rattle duration, mean frequency, and entropy. We found evidence that rattles do indeed exhibit a "stress signature." When squirrels were trapped and handled, they produced rattles that were longer in duration with a higher frequency and increased entropy. However, squirrels that were administered exogenous GCs had similar rattle duration, frequency, and entropy as squirrels that were fed control treatments and unfed squirrels. Our results indicate that short-term stress does affect the acoustic structure of vocalizations, but elevated circulating GC levels do not mediate such changes.
Data from: Does gene flow aggravate or alleviate maladaptation to environmental stress in small populations?
Environmental change can expose populations to unfamiliar stressors, and maladaptive responses to those stressors may result in population declines or extirpation. Although gene flow is classically viewed as a cause of maladaptation, small and isolated populations experiencing high levels of drift and little gene flow may be constrained in their evolutionary response to environmental change. We provide a case study using the model Trinidadian guppy system that illustrates the importance of considering non-adaptive forces (i.e., gene flow and genetic drift) when predicting (mal)adaptive response to acute stress. We compared population genomic patterns and acute stress responses of inbred guppy populations from headwater streams either with or without a recent history of gene flow from a more diverse mainstem population. Compared to 'no-gene flow' analogues, we found that populations with recent gene flow showed higher genomic variation and increased stress tolerance – but only when exposed to a stress familiar to the mainstem population (heat shock). All headwater populations showed similar responses to a familiar stress in headwater environments (starvation) regardless of gene flow history, whereas exposure to an entirely unfamiliar stress (copper sulphate) showed population-level variation unrelated to environment or recent evolutionary history. Our results suggest that (mal)adaptive responses to acutely stressful environments are determined in part by recent evolutionary history and in part by previous exposure. In some cases, gene flow may provide the variation needed to persist, and eventually adapt, in the face of novel stress.
Data from: The loss of hemoglobin and myoglobin does not minimize oxidative stress in Antarctic icefishes
The unusual pattern of expression of hemoglobin (Hb) and myoglobin (Mb) among Antarctic notothenioid fishes provides an exceptional model system for assessing the impact of these proteins on oxidative stress. We tested the hypothesis that the lack of oxygen-binding proteins may reduce oxidative stress. Levels and activity of pro-oxidants, small-molecule and enzymatic antioxidants, and levels of oxidized lipids and proteins in liver, oxidative skeletal muscle, and heart ventricle were quantified in five species of notothenioid fishes differing in the expression of Hb and Mb. Levels of ubiquitinated proteins and rates of protein degradation by the 20S proteasome were also quantified. Although levels of oxidized proteins and lipids, ubiquitinated proteins, and antioxidants are higher in red-blooded fishes than in Hb-less icefishes in some tissues, this pattern does not persist across all tissues. Expression of Mb is not associated with oxidative damage in heart ventricle, whereas the activity of citrate synthase and contents of heme are positively correlated with oxidative damage in most tissues. Despite some tissue differences in levels of protein carbonyls among species, rates of degradation by the 20S proteasome are not markedly different, suggesting either alternative pathways for eliminating oxidized proteins or redox tone varies among species. Together, our data indicate that the loss of Hb and Mb does not correspond with a clear pattern of either reduced oxidative defense or oxidative damage.
RECOVERY TIME FROM PRIOR SUBLETHAL HEAT STRESS INFLUENCES SUBSEQUENT HEATWAVE-DRIVEN MORTALITY AND BEHAVIOUR
<ol> <li>Rising global ocean temperatures are influencing the incidences of extreme thermal events – including marine heatwaves (MHWs) – which, in turn, are affecting marine organisms physiologically. The consequence of acute stress depends, in part, on the temporal pattern of exposure. Such influence results as the molecular mechanisms triggered by stressful conditions are energetically costly, and therefore their activation can help or hinder an organism faced with additional stress depending on relative timing of exposure.</li> <li>Here we test the effect of consecutive MHWs separated by varying lengths of recovery on the shallow subtidal gastropod species, <em>Monodonta labio. </em>We exposed <em>M. labio </em>to two separate heatwave events (32 ºC) separated by either a 5-day, 10-day or 15-day recovery period (28 ºC) and assessed the effects on mortality, behaviour (attempt to right, success righting), and physiological performance (oxygen consumption rates) after each time period.</li> <li>While some mortality was experienced in the first heatwave event, it was significantly greater in the second event with a trend toward more mortality in the longer than shorter recovery period treatments. Over the duration of the experiment, longer recovery periods were associated with greater overall cumulative mortality. In terms of behaviour, although there was no change in attempt to right across the experimental periods, the proportion to successfully complete the behaviour decreased following the second heatwave. Interestingly, during the second heatwave no gastropods in the 5-day recovery treatment successfully righted, with some success observed for those with a longer recovery period. Despite these changes in mortality and behaviour, oxygen consumption rates remained consistent across treatments and the experimental period, indicating organisms did not adjust this process.</li> <li>Together, our results highlight that where a MHW event has sublethal effects, this could modify the response organisms show to a subsequent MHW. Moreover, the influence of this earlier MHW will be dependent upon the duration of the intervening recovery period afforded to organisms. Consequently, it will be important to consider repeat events, and the duration of recovery between them, when considering the effects of altered heatwave patterns driven by global climate change.</li> </ol>
Data from: It's cool to be dominant: social status alters short-term risks of heat stress
Climate change has potential to trigger social change. As a first step towards understanding mechanisms determining the vulnerability of animal societies to rising temperatures, we investigated interactions between social rank and thermoregulation in three arid-zone bird species: fawn-coloured lark (Mirafra africanoides, territorial); African red-eyed bulbul (Pycnonotus nigricans, loosely social) and sociable weaver (Philetairus socius, complex cooperative societies). We assessed relationships between body temperature (Tb), air temperature (Ta) and social rank in captive groups in the Kalahari Desert. Socially dominant weavers and bulbuls had lower mean Tb than subordinate conspecifics, and dominant individuals of all species maintained more stable Tb as Ta increased. Dominant bulbuls and larks tended to monopolise available shade, but dominant weavers did not. Nevertheless, dominant weavers thermoregulated more precisely, despite expending no more behavioural effort on thermoregulation than subordinates. Increasingly unequal risks associated with heat stress may have implications for stability of animal societies in warmer climates.
Data from: Varieties of the highly dispersible and hypervariable tree, Metrosideros polymorpha, differ in response to mechanical stress and light across a sharp ecotone
PREMISE OF THE STUDY: The drivers of isolation between sympatric populations of long-lived and highly-dispersible conspecific plants are not well understood. In the Hawaiian Islands the landscape-dominant tree, Metrosideros polymorpha, displays extraordinary phenotypic differences among sympatric varieties despite high dispersibility of its pollen and seeds, thereby presenting a unique opportunity to investigate how disruptive selection alone can maintain incipient forms. Stenophyllous M. polymorpha var. newellii is a recently evolved tree endemic to the waterways of east Hawai'i Island that shows striking neutral genetic differentiation from its ancestor, wet-forest var. glaberrima, despite sympatry of these forms. We looked for evidence for, and drivers of, differential local adaptation of these varieties across the range of var. newellii. METHODS: For paired populations of these varieties, we compared seedling performance under contrasting light conditions and a strong water current characteristic of the riparian zone. We also conducted a reciprocal transplant experiment and contrasted adult leaf anatomy. KEY RESULTS: Results suggest that the riparian zone is harsh and that selection involving the mechanical stress of rushing water, and secondarily light, lead to significant reciprocal immigrant inviability in adjacent forest and riparian environments. The strongest adaptive divergence between varieties was seen in leaves and seedlings from the site with the sharpest ecotone, coincident with the strongest genetic isolation of var. newellii observed previously. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that disruptive selection across a sharp ecotone contributes to the maintenance of an incipient riparian ecotype from within a continuous population of a long-lived and highly dispersible tree species.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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