Find research datasets worth reusing

opencc-by-nd-4.0Sep 2019View details →

Figure 2 in Impact of brood parasitoids and oophagy on survival of Asemonea tenuipes (Araneae: Salticidae: Asemoneinae) broods in Karnataka

Figure 2 (continued from previous page, continued on next page). 5-6, Neuropteran larva (possibly mantispid) feeding on eggs in the more recent or second brood. 7-10, The female Asemonea continued to attend to her nest, now inhabited by the cocooning neuropteran and 7 eggs that may have been damaged or infested by Idris.

opencc-by-nd-4.0Sep 2019View details →

Figure 1 in Impact of brood parasitoids and oophagy on survival of Asemonea tenuipes (Araneae: Salticidae: Asemoneinae) broods in Karnataka

Figure 1 (continued on next page). 1, Light green Female A. tenuipes tending her clutch of 9 eggs beneath a leaf of Ficus microcarpa. 2, 9 newly hatched spiderlings (instar I) with short legs. Note that the female was now darker. 3-7, The 9 instar I spiderlings continued to develop.

opencc-zeroOct 2022View details →

Adaptive effects of parental and developmental environments on offspring survival, growth, and phenotype

Phenotypic adjustments to environmental variation are particularly relevant to cope with putative environmental mismatches often imposed by natal dispersal. We used an inter-generational cross-transplant field-based experiment to evaluate the morphological and physiological effects of parental and post-settlement water flow environments on the orange-fin anemonefish Amphiprion chrysopterus through ontogeny (at pre- and post-settlement stages). Offspring born from parents under high water flow had an 18% higher caudal fin aspect ratio (a compound measure of shape) at the pre-settlement stage, 10% slower growth after settlement, and 55% lower survival after settlement compared to offspring from low-water-flow parents. At the pre-settlement stage, caudal fin length was determined by parental caudal fin length. At the post-settlement stage, fish survived equally well with similar phenotypes in both high- and low-developmental-flow environments. However, results suggest potential developmental phenotypic plasticity in caudal fin length, which increases more under low water flow during development. After settlement growth was the only morphological or physiological trait that was associated with parental water flow, which was lower from parents under high flow, as was survival. These results give important insights into the parental contribution, both genetic and non-genetic, in determining early offspring phenotype and subsequent growth and survival. Our results also suggest that offspring may possess the flexibility to cope with a wide range of local environments including those different from their parents. Overall, the findings of this study show the fitness consequences of living in different environments and the likely trade-offs between parental and offspring fitness in a wild population.

opencc-zeroOct 2022View details →

Worker survival and egg production depending on the diet

Aging is associated with diverse molecular processes such as oxidative damage, a decrease in immunocompetence, or an increase in epigenetic abnormalities, mutations, and inflammations. Many of these processes are linked to nutrient-sensing signaling pathways, suggesting that diet plays a critical role in the aging process. In fact, the protein content in the diet can affect both longevity and fecundity, but often in opposite directions. In many solitary organisms, protein-rich diets dramatically shorten lifespan but increase egg production. We used the ant Temnothorax rugatulus to investigate the effect of the protein-to-carbohydrate ratio in the diet on the survival and fecundity of fertile workers. We fed colonies either a moderately high-carbohydrate or high-protein diet (1:2 and 2:1 respectively) and monitored worker survival and egg production over nine weeks. The protein-rich diet did not alter the ability of workers to lay eggs, but reduced worker survival, suggesting that consuming large amounts of protein may shorten the lifespan in fertile ant workers without promoting reproduction. Our study shows for the first time that a protein-rich diet reduces the overall fitness of fertile workers.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2022View details →

1H HRMAS NMR ERETIC-CPMG dataset for survival analysis and pathological classification of gliomas

This repository contains the raw  ERETIC-CPMG HRMAS NMR data to reproduce the results reported in the following preprint: PiDeeL: Pathway-informed deep learning model for survival analysis and pathological classification of gliomas The FID spectra can be found under the FID_Samples directory. The pathological classification and survival analysis labels can be found in the Dataset_Labels.xlsx file.

opencc-zeroApr 2024View details →

Data from: The effect of environmental variation on the relationship between survival and risk-taking behaviour in a migratory songbird

Temporal changes in environmental conditions may play a major role in the year-to-year variation in fitness consequences of behaviours. Identifying environmental drivers of such variation is crucial to understand the evolutionary trajectories of behaviours in natural contexts. However, our understanding of how environmental variation influences behaviours in the wild remains limited. Using data collected over 14 breeding seasons from a collared flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis) population, we examined the effect of environmental variation on the relationship between survival and risk-taking behaviour, a highly variable behavioural trait with great evolutionary and ecological significance. Specifically, using annual recapture probability as a proxy of survival, we evaluated the specific effect of predation pressure, food availability and mean temperature on the relationship between annual recapture probability and risk-taking behaviour (measured as flight initiation distance, FID). We found a negative trend, as the relationship between annual recapture probability and FID decreased over the study years, and changed from positive to negative. Specifically, in the early years of the study, risk-avoiding individuals exhibited a higher annual recapture probability, whereas in the later years, risk-avoiders had a lower annual recapture probability. However, we did not find evidence that any of the considered environmental factors mediated the variation in the relationship between survival and risk-taking behaviour.

opencc-zeroApr 2024View details →

Data from: not enough time: short-term female presence after oviposition does not improve egg survival in the Emerald glass frog

In species exhibiting egg attendance, parents remain with their eggs, protecting them against harsh abiotic conditions, such as dehydration or drowning, and biotic conditions, such as predation, parasitism, and diseases. This form of post-oviposition parental care is widely observed in animals, including amphibians. Long-term egg attendance (spanning several days) is common among glass frogs, and removal experiments have demonstrated the critical role of the parent, whether male or female, in increasing egg survival. However, in a few glass frog species, females stay close to their eggs for less than three hours after oviposition. Previous studies have found that maternal presence reduces dehydration and predation despite the short duration of this attendance behavior. In the glass frog Espadarana prosoblepon, females remain close to their eggs for less than 1.5 hours after oviposition. Given that the embryonic development period in this species spans an average of 25 days, our main question was whether remaining with the clutch for only 0.15% of this time is sufficient to increase egg survival. To address this question, we conducted a female removal experiment in semi-captivity and found no evidence that female presence improves egg hydration after oviposition. In a maternal commitment behavioral assay, most females promptly abandoned their clutches when subjected to a gentle disturbance and did not return to them. Lastly, a female removal experiment under field conditions revealed that clutches with or without mothers experienced similar levels of mortality, primarily caused by invertebrate predators. Through a series of experimental assays, we demonstrate that the short-term female presence in E. prosoblepon does not increase egg survival. Therefore, we argue that the post-oviposition behavior observed in this species cannot be considered parental care behavior. Our findings challenge the assumption that the proximity of parents and their eggs is an unequivocal indicator of parental care.

opencc-zeroMay 2024View details →

Code from: Early survival in Atlantic salmon is associated with parental genotypes at loci linked to timing of maturation

Large effects loci often contain genes with critical developmental functions with potentially broad effects across life-stages. However, the life-stage-specific fitness consequences are rarely explored. In Atlantic salmon, variation in two large-effect loci, six6 and vgll3, is linked to age at maturity, and several physiological and behavioural traits in early life. By genotyping the progeny of wild Atlantic salmon that were planted into natural streams with nutrient manipulations, we tested if genetic variation in these loci is associated with survival in early life. We found that higher early life survival was linked to the genotype associated with late maturation in the vgll3, but with early maturation in the six6 locus. These effects were significant in high-nutrient, but not in in low-nutrient streams. The differences in early survival were not explained by additive genetic effects in the offspring generation, but by maternal genotypes in the six6 locus, and by both parents' genotypes in the vgll3 locus. Our results suggest that indirect genetic effects by large-effect loci can be significant determinants of offspring fitness. This study demonstrates an intriguing case of how large-effect loci can exhibit complex fitness associations across life stages in the wild and indicates that predicting evolutionary dynamics is difficult.

opencc-by-4.0May 2024View details →

Vehicle Stock Numbers and Survival Functions for On-road Exhaust Emissions Analysis in India: 1993-2018

Guttikunda, S. K. Vehicle Stock Numbers and Survival Functions for On-road Exhaust Emissions Analysis in India: 1993-2018. Final publication online @ <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/15/6298">https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/15/6298</a>  Preprints 2024, 2024051393. <a href="https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202405.1393.v1">https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202405.1393.v1</a> Older publication: Re-fueling road transport for better air quality in India <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0301421514000020">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0301421514000020</a> An informed emissions inventory can help define the baseline, use that baseline to formulate an effective air quality management plan and track progress or lack thereof, and use the results for research, innovation, and public awareness. In air quality management, at urban and regional levels, road transport remains the cornerstone of residential, commercial, and industrial activities, and the vehicle exhaust emissions maintain the position of one of the key contributing sources. In Indian cities, big and small, vehicle exhaust emissions and dust from vehicle movement on the roads, contribute to as much as 50% of particulate matter pollution in a year. So, having access to a vehicle exhaust emissions inventory that is reliable and replicable is critical for air quality management and one of the key inputs to this exercise is vehicle stock numbers. These numbers are typically obtained from vehicle registration databases, traffic surveys, and other governmental records, and often require time consuming data cleaning protocols before they can used for emissions analysis. This database provides a clean and open-access vehicle stock database, as registered and in-use fleet, for the period covering 1993 and 2018, for all India and states, along with an estimate of age-mix of the vehicles using survival functions. VAPIS Excel players included here are <ul> <li>·A method to convert fleet average speeds and fleet average travel time per day into vehicle km travelled per day.</li> <li>·A method to calculate how many additional buses are required to support odd-even or an equivalent scheme (with and without fuel mix exemptions).</li> <li>·A method to calculate total fuel wasted from idling in the city and to calculate savings from traffic management.</li> <li>·A method to calculate fuel and emission benefits of shifting a share of 2-wheeler and 4-wheeler trips to buses and non-motorized transport.</li> <li>·A method to estimate vehicle exhaust emission factors using emission standards and deterioration rates.</li> <li>·An example set of survival rates based on vehicle age for nine broad vehicle categories to convert registered number of vehicles to in-use number of vehicles.</li> <li>·A method to spatially disaggregate (grid) the total vehicle exhaust emissions using multiple grid-level proxies as weights such as density (km per grid) of various road types, population density, landuse-landcover, and information on commercial and industrial activities.</li> <li>·A library of emission factors for aerosols and gaseous species.</li> </ul>

opencc-zeroMay 2024View details →

Supplementary code and data for: Symbiotic bacteria and fungi proliferate during diapause and may enhance overwintering survival in a solitary bee

<div> <div> <div> Host-microbe interactions underlie the development and fitness of many macroorganisms, including bees. Whereas many social bees benefit from vertically transmitted gut bacteria, current data suggests that solitary bees, which comprise the vast majority of species diversity within bees, lack a specialized gut microbiome. Here we examine the composition and abundance of bacteria and fungi throughout the complete life cycle of the ground-nesting solitary bee Anthophora bomboides standfordiana. In contrast to expectations, immature bee stages maintain a distinct core microbiome consisting of Actinobacterial genera (Streptomyces, Nocardiodes) and the fungus Moniliella spathulata. Dormant (diapausing) larval bees hosted the most abundant and distinctive bacteria and fungi, attaining 33 and 52 times their initial copy number, respectively. We tested two adaptive hypotheses regarding microbial functions for diapausing bees. First, using isolated bacteria and fungi, we found that Streptomyces from brood cells inhibited the growth of multiple pathogenic filamentous fungi, suggesting a role in pathogen protection during overwintering, when bees face high pathogen pressure. Second, sugar alcohol composition changed in tandem with major changes in fungal abundance, suggesting links with bee cold tolerance or overwintering biology. We find that Anthophora bomboides hosts a conserved core microbiome that may provide key fitness advantages through larval development and diapause, which raises the question of how this microbiome is maintained and faithfully transmitted between generations. Our results suggest that focus on microbiomes of mature or active insect developmental stages may overlook stage-specific symbionts and microbial fitness contributions during host dormancy. </div> </div> </div>

opencc-by-4.0May 2024View details →

The fundamental principles of natural selection, survival and adaptation

Natural selection was first proposed by Mr. Darwin and Mr. Wallace. Natural selection is a process that, during successive generations, leads to the creation of hereditary traits that increase the probability of survival and reproduction of living organisms in a population. In other words, natural selection selects alleles that have characteristics that help reproduction and survival. Alleles that increase the probability of survival and reproduction are passed on to the next generation. However, I want to argue that the heritable traits that increase the likelihood of survival, adaptation, and reproduction are created by natural selection based on certain fundamental principles. In other words, for living organisms to succeed in survival and adaptation, natural selection selects the hereditary characteristics of alleles based on certain fundamental principles. Fundamental principles: 1-energy and nutrient supply; 2-security supply; 3-adapting to environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity, etc.; 4-reproduction. These are the fundamental principles of natural selection that, if fulfilled, increase the probability of adaptation, survival and reproduction. Previously, these fundamental principles were briefly stated by Mr. Darwin and other biologists. However, the importance, value, and very important role of these fundamental principles in the process of natural selection and evolution have received very little attention. If we explain survival, adaptation, and natural selection without these fundamental principles, the concepts of survival, adaptation, and natural selection will not be correct and these basic and important concepts of biology will be incompletely and wrongly understood.

opencc-by-4.0May 2024View details →

Surviving Los Angeles by Exercising Privacy

Written and Produced by Alexandre Néron. This video was produced for ARCH542 Night on Earth at McGill University Peter Guo-hua Fu School of Architecture in 2024. Instructed by Professor Ipek Türeli.

Caught out in the cold: Mallard survival decreased during an extreme climatic event

Extreme climatic events (ECEs) can have profound impacts on individual fitness, affecting survival directly or indirectly. Late winter ECEs may be especially detrimental to fitness due to limited food resources and increased energetic requirements during this time. A polar vortex disruption ECE descended upon the mid-continental United States during 7–20 February 2021 with temperatures as low as −29ºC in areas concurrent with ongoing research on mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) movement ecology and survival in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Tennessee, USA spanning winters 2019–2022. Therefore, we opportunistically evaluated the effects of individual characteristics and latitude on daily survival during the ECE. We extended the survival analysis into March to test for lasting effects of the ECE on survival. We tracked 181 GPS-marked mallards during February 2020, 256 in February 2021, and 324 in February 2022. We documented 22 mortalities during the February 2021 ECE (i.e., 9%), but only 6 mortalities during February 2020 (i.e., 2%) and 2022 (i.e., 1%) when conditions were average. February survival (e.g., 28-day survival) during the ECE was 0.908 (85% CI = 0.879–0.937) but was 0.982 (85% CI = 0.973 – 0.991) during the two non-ECE Februaries. The ECE effect on survival was isolated to February and did not affect March survival. Mallards were 5.4 times more likely to die during the ECE in 2021 compared to non-ECE Februaries. Although large-bodied waterfowl appear cold-tolerant and less sensitive to polar vortex disruptions compared to smaller-bodied passerines, direct mortalities can occur if conditions are severe enough and persist, highlighting the need to consider the influence of ECEs on common, seemingly robust species in future global climate change scenarios.

Hawaiian gallinule vital rate data from O'ahu and Kaua'i: Reproduction and survival data from an endangered bird

Where stable source populations of at-risk species exist, translocation may be a reasonable strategy for re-establishing extirpated populations. However, the success rates of such efforts are mixed, necessitating thorough preliminary investigation. Stochastic population modeling can be a useful method of assessing the potential success of translocations. Here, we report on the results of modeling translocation success for the Hawaiian Common Gallinule ('alae 'ula; Gallinula galeata sandvicensis), an endangered waterbird endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. Using updated vital rates, we constructed a model simulating three existing extant (wild) source populations and a hypothetical recipient site on another island. We then projected the effects of six different translocation scenarios and sensitivity of the results to variation of three important demographic parameters on the probability of extinction (PE) of the reintroduced and donor populations. Larger translocations, of at least 30 birds, had low probability of extinction in the reintroduced population, but raised extinction risk of the smallest source population. Spacing out translocations in time (e.g., 10 birds translocated in total in three installments over nine years), led to lower PE than translocating all individuals at once (i.e., bulk translocations) for both the source and reintroduced populations. Brood size and hatch-year juvenile survival had a disproportionate impact on reintroduced population viability. Importantly, the reported juvenile survival rate is very near the threshold for population failure. This suggests that post-introduction and subsequent management of wetlands, particularly predator control, could be critical to reintroduction success. We recommend that individuals should be translocated from multiple, genetically distinct subpopulations to reduce the possibility of inbreeding depression. Based on this analysis, the recipient wetland should be sufficiently large that it can support at least 25 pairs of gallinules. Based on recent estimates of population densities on O'ahu, such a wetland would need to be between 3.75-74.6 ha. Where stable source populations of at-risk species exist, translocation may be a reasonable strategy for re-establishing extirpated populations. However, the success rates of such efforts are mixed, necessitating thorough preliminary investigation. Stochastic population modeling can be a useful method of assessing the potential success of translocations. Here, we report on the results of modeling translocation success for the Hawaiian Common Gallinule ('alae 'ula; Gallinula galeata sandvicensis), an endangered waterbird endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. Using updated vital rates, we constructed a model simulating three existing extant (wild) source populations and a hypothetical recipient site on another island. We then projected the effects of six different translocation scenarios and sensitivity of the results to variation of three important demographic parameters on the probability of extinction (PE) of the reintroduced and donor populations. Larger translocations, of at least 30 birds, had low probability of extinction in the reintroduced population, but raised extinction risk of the smallest source population. Spacing out translocations in time (e.g., 10 birds translocated in total in three installments over nine years), led to lower PE than translocating all individuals at once (i.e., bulk translocations) for both the source and reintroduced populations. Brood size and hatch-year juvenile survival had a disproportionate impact on reintroduced population viability. Importantly, the reported juvenile survival rate is very near the threshold for population failure. This suggests that post-introduction and subsequent management of wetlands, particularly predator control, could be critical to reintroduction success. We recommend that individuals should be translocated from multiple, genetically distinct subpopulations to reduce the possibility of inbreeding depression. Based on this analysis, the recipient wetland should be sufficiently large that it can support at least 25 pairs of gallinules. Based on recent estimates of population densities on O'ahu, such a wetland would need to be between 3.75-74.6 ha.

Data from: Cedrus libani survival and growth data from a transplant experiment and natural forests in northern Lebanon

Aims The Cedrus dataset was set up to assess the climatic niche breadth of Cedrus libani – a relict mountain species – by comparing field observations and transplant experiment measurements within and beyond the elevational range limits of Cedrus under natural conditions. Location Lebanon - Near East - Mediterranean region Methods The transplant experiment included 8 common gardens at altitudes ranging from 110 to 2330 m, within and far beyond the warm and cold limits of Cedar distribution under natural conditions. It was set up in 2018, and monitored for three years until fall 2021 to study survival and growth of the Cedar of Lebanon (Cedrus libani) and 3 potentially competing species (Quercus calliprinos, Quercus infectoria and Pinus brutia). Field observations of Cedar presence/absence were carried out on 1023 sites. Results We observed surprisingly high survival and growth rates of Cedar at elevations well below its natural range in Lebanon. Below its elevational limit of 1300 m under natural conditions, water stress limited the survival of juvenile Cedars at elevations below 500 m, and its low competitiveness below 900 m explained its absence between 500 and 900 m elevation. On the other hand, cold temperature and water stress limited its survival at elevations slightly above the observed natural upper elevational limit of 1830 m. Main conclusions The experimental setup demonstrated that the elevational range suitable for the growth and survival of the Cedar of Lebanon is twice as large as the range within which Cedar is observed today under natural conditions. The high survival rate beyond the lower limit of its natural range raises hope for its resilience to ongoing climate warming. If this pattern were common to other mountain species, it would challenge predictions of massive extinction linked to climate change, and pave the way for promoting adaptive actions such as competition management to improve their survival.

Factors influencing survival of female eastern wild turkeys in northeastern South Dakota

Population growth can be sensitive to changes in survival rates for many avian species. Understanding sources of mortality, and how to mitigate negative effects on survival, can give managers insight into factors contributing to population change. Harvest trends of eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) in northeastern South Dakota suggest a decline in abundance. We investigated factors influencing survival of wild turkeys to identify potential factors contributing to the decline. We monitored 122 female wild turkeys using VHF radio transmitters from February 2017 to April 2019. Annual survival was 0.52 (95% CI = 0.33–0.64) for juvenile and 0.49 (95% CI = 0.23–0.63) for adult females, respectively. Daily survival probability was significantly lower during the spring (log‐odds ratio [LOR] = −0.9; 95% CI = −1.5–−0.2) and while a juvenile female was incubating (LOR = −0.67; 95% CI = −1.23–−0.09) but not while an adult female was incubating (LOR = −0.35; 95% CI = −0.92–0.24). Mammalian predation was the leading cause of mortality, and female wild turkeys were most vulnerable to predation during the spring while engaging in nesting and rearing of young broods. Wild turkeys were at risk for additional sources of mortality while incubating nests that were not contributors to mortality during other periods of the year, as deaths caused by haying equipment—the second greatest cause of mortality—only occurred while a female was incubating. Reducing female mortality due to haying, by delaying cutting, installing flushing bars on haying equipment, or increasing availability of suitable nesting cover types to reduce the probability of nesting in hayfields, could improve female survival. Annual survival during our study was about 16–29% lower than survival estimates from northeastern South Dakota during the 1990s, suggesting that reduced female survival could be contributing to the apparent decline in wild turkey abundance.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2019View details →

Figure 1 in Survival of entomopathogenic nematodes in oil emulsions and control effectiveness on adult engorged ticks (Acari: Ixodida)

Figure 1: Survival of IJs in five vegetable oil emulsions at concentration of 13%.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

Fig 4 in Comparative study on the survival and growth performance of white shrimp Penaeus vannamei in ponds cultured with hatchery and nursery reared post larvae

Fig 4: Dissolved Oxygen (D.O) of P.Vannamei culture at Yazali during the year 2018

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

Fig 5 in Comparative study on the survival and growth performance of white shrimp Penaeus vannamei in ponds cultured with hatchery and nursery reared post larvae

Fig 5: Growth of P. vannamei (in grams) at Yazali (Guntur) in summer crop during the year 2018.