Find research datasets worth reusing

opencc-by-4.0May 2017View details →

FIGURE 1 in Reconstruction of the musculoskeletal system in an extinct lion

FIGURE 1. CT scan slice showing an approximately mediolateral view (i.e., longitudinal section) of an Asian lion's forelimb. 1, Dark grey is adipose and connective tissues, lighter grey is muscles, white is bone. Bottom right corner white is a density calibration phantom (1.69 g cm-3; "cortical bone"). 2, Segmentation of the lion forelimb with select muscles highlighted. Abbreviations: FCU – flexor carpi ulnaris; DDF – deep digital flexors; ECR – m. extensor carpi radialis; Pro Quad – m. pronator quadratus; Abd1 – m. abductor digiti I.

opencc-by-4.0May 2017View details →

FIGURE 5. Panthera atrox reconstruction showing differences between simple convex hulls and more complex reconstructions. 1 in Reconstruction of the musculoskeletal system in an extinct lion

FIGURE 5. Panthera atrox reconstruction showing differences between simple convex hulls and more complex reconstructions. 1, Reconstructed muscles overlaid on the convex hull of just the bones. Any muscles that are visible extend beyond the range of the convex hull, thereby demonstrating the underestimation of size by convex hulls based solely on bones. 2, Reconstructions showing the posteroventral movement of the centre of mass (COM) between the bone convex hull and the muscled convex hull models of Panthera atrox. Scale bar is 50 cm.

opencc-by-4.0May 2017View details →

FIGURE 4 in Reconstruction of the musculoskeletal system in an extinct lion

FIGURE 4. Convex hull model from the reconstructed Panthera atrox skeleton shown in Figure 2. 1, left lateral view; 2, dorsal view. Scale bar is 50 cm.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2024View details →

Paleoecology of an extinct Cervidae (Haploidoceros mediterraneus) of Middle-Late Pleistocene in Southern Europe

<p>Dental meso- and microwear data for the Haploidoceros mediterraneus and other cervid (Cervus, Megaloceros, Praedama, Dama) populations from Gruta da Aroeira, Igue des Rameaux, Lunel-Viel I, PRERESA, Cova del Rinoceront. </p> <p>Corresponding to the paper :</p>

Fig. 13 in Post-extinction brachiopod faunas from the Late Permian Wuchiapingian coal series of South China

Fig. 13. Niutoushania (A, B) and Edriosteges (C–G) from the 1st member of the Lungtan Formation of Daijiagou. A, B. Niutoushania chongqingensis Chen sp. nov., anteroventral (A1), posterior (A2), and dorsal (A3) views of holotype NMV P309641 (A). B. Fragment of a ventral external mold NMV P309642 showing regularly spaced costae and fine spine bases. C–G. Edriosteges poyangensis (Kayser, 1883), dorsal (C, D2, E, F), anterodorsal (D1), and ventral (G) views of four dorsal external molds NMV P309632 (C), NMV P309630 (D), NMV P309629 (E), NMV P309631 (F), and a ventral valve NMV P309633 (G).

Fig. 11 in Post-extinction brachiopod faunas from the Late Permian Wuchiapingian coal series of South China

Fig. 11. Ventral interior of Transennatia gratiosa (Waagen, 1884); based on a ventral internal mold NMV P309639.

Fig. 14 in Post-extinction brachiopod faunas from the Late Permian Wuchiapingian coal series of South China

Fig. 14. Cardinal process of Chengxianoproductus cf. changxingensis Liao and Meng, 1986 (based on specimen NMV P309640).

Fig. 12 in Post-extinction brachiopod faunas from the Late Permian Wuchiapingian coal series of South China

Fig. 12. Interiors of Niutoushania chongqingensis Chen sp. nov. (based on specimen NMV P309641); ventral valve (A) and dorsal valve (B).

Fig. 15 in Post-extinction brachiopod faunas from the Late Permian Wuchiapingian coal series of South China

Fig. 15. Ventral interior of Permophricodothyris grandis (Huang, 1933) showing well−developed muscle scars (based on specimen NMV P309621).

Fig. 9 in Post-extinction brachiopod faunas from the Late Permian Wuchiapingian coal series of South China

Fig. 9. Selected serial sections of the ventral umbo of Meekella beipeiensis Chen sp. nov. (based on specimen NMV P309627) showing closely situated, parallel dental plates. The numbers are distance from the ventral beak; the orientation of the sections is with ventral surfaces upward.

Fig. 10. A in Post-extinction brachiopod faunas from the Late Permian Wuchiapingian coal series of South China

Fig. 10. A. Meekella kueichowensis (Huang, 1933), dorsal (A1), ventral (A2), and lateral (A3) views of NMV P309622. B. Chengxianoproductus cf. changxingensis Liao and Meng, 1986, ventral (B1), posterior (B2), lateral (B3), and dorsal (B4) views of NMV P309640 (B); B5, enlargement of fine, densely arranged spine bases of B1. C, D. Spinomarginifera alpha Huang, 1932, lateral (C1), posterior (C2), ventral (C3), and dorsal (D) views of a complete specimen NMV P309643 and a dorsal external mold NMV P309644. E–H. Transennatia gratiosa (Waagen, 1884), ventral (E1, G, H1), anteroventral (E2, H2), posterior (E3, H3), lateral (E4, H4), and internal (F) views of a ventral internal mold NMV P309639 (E), and latex replica NMV P309638 (F) of the ventral internal mold (E –E), a ventral internal mold NMV P309636 (G) and a dorsal external mold NMV P309637 (H –H). A, E, F, G, from the 4th member of the Lungtan For1 4 1 4 mation of Daijiagou; B, from the 1st member of the Lungtan Formation of Daijiagou; C, D, H, from the 5th member of the Lungtan Formation of Daijiagou.

Fig. 6 in Post-extinction brachiopod faunas from the Late Permian Wuchiapingian coal series of South China

Fig. 6. Global stratigraphic distributions of the Lungtan brachiopod faunas. Permian chronostratigraphic framework follows International Union of Geological Sciences (2002). Conodont zones are after Mei et al. (1994) and Jin et al. (1998). The G/L mass extinction horizon corresponds to the biostratigraphic G/L boundary. The extinction interval is defined by the late Capitanian conodonts Jinogondolella granti Zone and the earliest Wuchiapingian Clarkina postbitteri Zone. Brachiopod genera include 1, Spinomarginifera; 2, Edriosteges; 3, Meekella; 4, Transennatia; 5, Perigeyerella; 6, Permophricodothyris; 7, Paraspiriferina; 8, Magniderbyia; 9, Niutoushania; 10, Chengxianoproductus; 11, Peltichia. Brachiopod species include 12, Edriosteges poyangensis; 13, Transennatia gratiosa; 14, Permophricodothyris grandis; 15, Magniderbyia sp. indet.; 16, Meekella pusilloplicata; 17, Me. kueichowensis; 18, Me. beipeiensis; 19, Spinomarginifera lopingensis; 20, Niutoushania chongqingensis; 21, Chengxianoproductus cf. changxingensis; 22, Paraspiriferina sp.; 23, Perigeyerella costellata; 24, Peltichia zigzag; 25, Spinomarginifera alpha.

Fig. 8 in Post-extinction brachiopod faunas from the Late Permian Wuchiapingian coal series of South China

Fig. 8. Reconstruction of ventral interior of Perigeyella costellata Wang, 1955 (based on specimen NMV P309620).

Fig. 5 in Post-extinction brachiopod faunas from the Late Permian Wuchiapingian coal series of South China

Fig. 5. Abundance of the Edriosteges poyangensis–Spinomarginifera lopingensis Association. A total of 51 specimens were collected from a shell bed at the basal Lungtan Formation.

Fig. 3 in Post-extinction brachiopod faunas from the Late Permian Wuchiapingian coal series of South China

Fig. 3. Correlations of the described faunas with previously published brachiopod assemblages from South China. The dashed lines indicate that the zonal boundaries are not well defined.

FIGURE 11 in Endocranial morphology of the extinct Antillean shrew Nesophontes (Lipotyphla: Nesophontidae) from natural and digital endocasts of Cuban taxa

FIGURE 11. Brain morphology of selected extinct and extant mammals, including Nesophontes spp. Upper row contains extant placentals and marsupials. Lower row contains extinct taxa and Nesophontes. Olfactory lobes are in red, neocortex is in blue, and hindbrain is in green. Scale bar equals 10 mm. Sources: Monodelphis domestica drawn from Rowe et al. (2011); Solenodon paradoxus from Allen (1910); Tenrec ecuadatus from Stephan and Andy (1982); Eoryctes melanus from Thewissen and Gingerich (1989); Hyopsodus lepidus from Orliac et al. (2012); Vincelestes neuquenianus from Macrini et al. (2007a) Nesophontes taxa reported here, and the remaining from the Comparative Brain Collection at www.brainmuseum.org. A and P stand for anterior and posterior. Scale bar = 1 cm.

FIGURE 8 in Endocranial morphology of the extinct Antillean shrew Nesophontes (Lipotyphla: Nesophontidae) from natural and digital endocasts of Cuban taxa

FIGURE 8. Cribriform and olfactory regions in Nesophontes major (1) and Nesophontes micrus (2). Abbreviations: ar annular ridge; As alisphenoid; cef cribroethmoidal foramen; cg crista galli; ec ectoturbinal foramina; etI ethmoturbinal foramina; fo foramen ovalae; hs horizontal sulcus; Js jugun sphenoidalis; nc nasocribriform foramina; ntf nasoturbinal foramina; of optic foramen for optic nerve; off olfactory fossa; otc orbitotemporal canal; psp parasphenoid plate; sof sphenorbital fossa; sor sphenorbital ridge. A and P stand for anterior and posterior.

FIGURE 7 in Endocranial morphology of the extinct Antillean shrew Nesophontes (Lipotyphla: Nesophontidae) from natural and digital endocasts of Cuban taxa

FIGURE 7. Endocranial casts of Cuban Nesophontes spp. Nesophontes micrus (C437) first column. Endocast volume: 0.580 mL, encephalization quotients (EQ 2 and 3): 0.21 and 0.33. Nesophontes micrus (C436), second column. Endocast volume: 1.231 mL, EQ 2 and 3: 0.33 and 0.52. Nesophontes major (270), third column. Endocast volume: 0.729 mL, EQs: 0.27 and 0.43. Nesophontes major (C133), fourth and last column. Endocast volume: 0.888 mL, EQs: 0.36 and 0.57.

FIGURE 6 in Endocranial morphology of the extinct Antillean shrew Nesophontes (Lipotyphla: Nesophontidae) from natural and digital endocasts of Cuban taxa

FIGURE 6. Volume rendering of Nesophontes major (C133) endocranial space in lateral (1) and oblique (2) views showing possible olfactory nerve fibers (onf), sylvian fissure (S. f.), and rhinal fissure (rhf). A and P stand for anterior and posterior.

FIGURE 5 in Endocranial morphology of the extinct Antillean shrew Nesophontes (Lipotyphla: Nesophontidae) from natural and digital endocasts of Cuban taxa

FIGURE 5. Digital endocranial cast of Nesophontes major (C133) in right lateral (1), anterior (2), and inferior (3) views. Abbreviations: Cb cerebellum; cc possible cast of spinal cord space; cs superior colliculi; fan annular or circular fissure; hy hypophyseal fossa; Iar internal auditory region; lal lateral lobe of cerebellum; las lateral transverse sinus; Ncx neocortex; Ob olfactory lobes; Och. optic chiasm; Ocx olfactory (=piriform) cortex, onf olfactory nerve fiber, otg orbitotemporal groove; Pfl paraflocculus; rhf rhinal fissure; sas sagittal sinus or longitudinal sinus; Sphr sphenorbital region; Sv confluence of the transverse and sagittal sinuses; Vc cerebellar vermis. A and P stand for anterior and posterior.