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2,291 results for “life history”
Connectivity among thermal habitats buffers the effects of warm climate on life-history traits and population dynamics
<p>1. Contemporary climate change affects population dynamics, but its influence varies with landscape structure. It is still unclear whether landscape fragmentation buffers or enhances the effects of climate on population size and on the age and body size of individuals composing these populations.</p> <p>2. This study aims to investigate the impacts of warm climates on lizard life-history traits and population dynamics in habitats varying in their connectivity.</p> <p>3. We monitored common lizard (<em>Zootoca vivipara</em>) populations for three years in an experimental system in which both climatic conditions and connectivity among habitats were simultaneously manipulated. We considered two climatic treatments (i.e., present-day climate and warm climate (+1.4°C than present-day climate)) and two connectivity treatments (i.e., a connected treatment in which individuals could move from one climate to the other and an isolated treatment in which movement between climates was not possible). We monitored survival, reproduction, growth, dispersal, age and body size of each individual in the system as well as population density through time.</p> <p>4. We found that the influence of warm climates on the life-history traits and population dynamics depended on the connectivity among thermal habitats. Populations in warm climates were i) composed of younger individuals only when isolated; ii) larger in population size only in connected habitats; and iii) composed of larger age-specific individuals independently of the landscape configuration. The connectivity among habitats altered population responses to climate warming likely through asymmetries in the flow and phenotype of dispersers between thermal habitats.</p> <p>5. Our results demonstrate that landscape fragmentation can drastically change the dynamics and persistence of populations facing climate change.</p>
Life history data for: High investment into reproduction is associated with reduced lifespan in dogs
<p><span>Prominent differences in aging among and within species present an evolutionary puzzle. The theories proposed to explain evolutionary differences in aging are based on the axiom that selection maximizes fitness, not necessarily lifespan. This implies trade-offs between investment into self-maintenance and investment into reproduction, where high investment into growth and current reproduction are associated with short lifespans. Fast growth and large adult size are related with shorter lifespans in the domestic dog, a bourgeoning model in aging research, however, whether reproduction influences lifespan in this system remains unknown. Here we test the relationship between reproduction and differences in lifespan among dog breeds, controlling simultaneously for shared ancestry and recent gene flow. We found that shared ancestry explains a higher proportion of the among-breed variation in life history traits, in comparison with recent gene flow. Our results also show that reproductive investment negatively impacts lifespan, and more strongly so in large breeds, an effect that is not merely a correlated response of adult size. These results suggest that basic life history trade-offs are apparent in a domestic animal whose diversity is the result of artificial selection and that among-breed differences in lifespan are due to a combination of size and reproduction.</span></p>
Figs. 5–10 in Life history of Ameletus longulus Sinichenkova, 1981 (Ephemeroptera: Ameletidae) in a small stream in vicinity of Vladivostok
Figs. 5–10. Gradations the pads of wings of the different age groups of Ameletus longulus
Fig. 4 in Life history of Ameletus longulus Sinichenkova, 1981 (Ephemeroptera: Ameletidae) in a small stream in vicinity of Vladivostok
Fig. 4. The age structure of the Ameletus longulus population in the spring of Rybachii
Fig. 2 in Life history of Ameletus longulus Sinichenkova, 1981 (Ephemeroptera: Ameletidae) in a small stream in vicinity of Vladivostok
Fig. 2. The sampling site on the Rybachii village spring.
Fig. 3 in Life history of Ameletus longulus Sinichenkova, 1981 (Ephemeroptera: Ameletidae) in a small stream in vicinity of Vladivostok
Fig. 3. Dynamics of water temperature and body length range of Ameletus longulus in the
Fig. 1 in Life history of Ameletus longulus Sinichenkova, 1981 (Ephemeroptera: Ameletidae) in a small stream in vicinity of Vladivostok
Fig. 1. The map of the distribution of the Ameletus longulus in the Russian Far East (● –
Figure 4 in Life-History traits of Hollandichthys multifasciatus (Eigenmann & Norris, 1900) (Characiformes: Characidae) in coastal Atlantic Forest blackwater streams from
Figure 4. Frequency distribution of oocytes diameter (mm) of mature females of Hollandichthys multifasciatus sampled at the different coastal blackwater streams in the Baixada Santista and Northern Coast Basins, São Paulo state. P2 (N = 4); P3 (N = 3); P4 (N = 10); P5 (N = 4); P6 (N = 4).
Figure 3 in Life-History traits of Hollandichthys multifasciatus (Eigenmann & Norris, 1900) (Characiformes: Characidae) in coastal Atlantic Forest blackwater streams from
Figure 3. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) plot of environmental variables measured at 10 blackwater streams in the Baixada Santista and Northern Coast Basins, São Paulo state. Environmental variables are indicated by vectors. DOC = Dissolved Organic Carbon; Temp = Temperature; C = Conductivity; DO = Dissolved Oxygen; HC = High Canopy; S = Sand; SC = Silt/Clay; LB = Leaf Banks; OV = Overhanging vegetation. For stream acronyms see Table 1.
Figure 1 in Life-History traits of Hollandichthys multifasciatus (Eigenmann & Norris, 1900) (Characiformes: Characidae) in coastal Atlantic Forest blackwater streams from
Figure 1. Study area, coastal region of the State of São Paulo. Sampled streams (JP1, JP2 – Itapanhaú); (P1-P6 – Guaratuba); Itaguaré (MP) and Una (BB1 – Una). Adapted from Esteves et al. (2019).
Figure 2 in Life-History traits of Hollandichthys multifasciatus (Eigenmann & Norris, 1900) (Characiformes: Characidae) in coastal Atlantic Forest blackwater streams from
Figure 2. View of one of the sampling sites (JP1, Itapanhaú sub-basin), showing block nets at the 100 m sampled stretch.
Supporting data and code for Nakov, Beaulieu, Alverson: Accelerated diversification is related to life history and locomotion in a hyperdiverse lineage of microbial eukaryotes (Diatoms, Bacillariophyta)
<p>This archive includes:</p> <p>1. Character and species richness datasets</p> <p>2. Phylogenies and time-calibration files</p> <p>3. R scripts</p>
Variation and plasticity in life-history traits and fitness of wild Arabidopsis thaliana populations are not related to their genotypic and ecological diversity
<p>Despite its implications for population dynamics and evolution, the relationship between genetic and phenotypic variation in wild populations remains unclear. Here, we estimated variation and plasticity in life-history traits and fitness of the annual plant <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> in two common garden experiments that differed in environmental conditions. We used up to 306 maternal inbred lines from six Iberian populations characterized by low and high genotypic (based on whole-genome sequences) and ecological (vegetation type) diversity. Low and high genotypic and ecological diversity was found in edge and core Iberian environments, respectively. Given that selection is expected to be stronger in edge environments and that ecological diversity may enhance both phenotypic variation and plasticity, we expected genotypic diversity to be positively associated with phenotypic variation and plasticity. However, maternal lines, irrespective of the genotypic and ecological diversity of their population of origin, exhibited a substantial amount of phenotypic variation and plasticity for all traits. Furthermore, all populations harbored maternal lines with canalization (robustness) or sensitivity in response to harsher environmental conditions in one of the two experiments. Overall, we conclude that the environmental attributes of each population probably determine their genotypic diversity, but all populations maintain substantial phenotypic variation and plasticity for all traits, which represents an asset to endure in changing environments.</p>
Data and code from "Temporal allele frequency changes in large-effect loci reveal potential fishing impacts on salmon life-history diversity" (Miettinen et al. 2024)
<p>This archive contains code and data files to perform analyses detailed in Miettinen et al. (2024, Evolutionary Applications, https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.13690).</p>
Supplemental code and data for Hernandez et al. "Maternal effect senescence and caloric restriction interact to affect fitness through changes in life history timing"
<p>This dataset enables the user to repeat the analyses presented in the manuscript "Maternal effect senescence and caloric restriction interact to affect fitness through changes in life history timing." It is comprised of two compressed archives: one which contains code, and one which contains data.</p>
Data from: Remnant salmon life history diversity rediscovered in a highly compressed habitat
<p>Chinook salmon (<em>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</em>) display remarkable life history diversity underpinning their ability to adapt to environmental change. Maintaining life history diversity is vital to the resilience and stability of Chinook salmon metapopulations, particularly under rapidly changing climates. However, the conditions that promote life history diversity are rapidly disappearing, as anthropogenic forces promote homogenization of habitats and genetic lineages. In this study, we use the highly modified Yuba River in California to understand if distinct genetic lineages and life history still exist, despite reductions in spawning habitat and hatchery practices that have promoted introgression. There currently is a concerted effort to protect federally listed spring run populations, given that few wild populations still exist. Despite this, we lack a comprehensive understanding of the genetic and life history diversity of Chinook salmon present in the Yuba River system. To understand this diversity, we collected migration timing data and GREB1L genotypes from hook-and-line, acoustic tagging, and carcass surveys of Chinook salmon in the Yuba River between 2009-2011. Variation in the GREB1L region of the genome is tightly linked with run timing in Chinook salmon throughout the range, but the relationship between this variation and entry on spawning grounds is little explored in the Central Valley. We found that the date Chinook salmon crossed the lowest barrier to Yuba River spawning habitat (Daguerre Point Dam) was tightly correlated with their GREB1L genotype. Importantly, our study confirms that ESA-listed spring run Chinook salmon are spawning in the Yuba River, promoting a portfolio of life history and genetic diversity, despite spawning in a compressed habitat. This work highlights the need to identify and protect this life history diversity in heavily impacted systems to maintain healthy Chinook salmon metapopulations in those systems. Without this, we run the risk of losing the last vestiges of important variation.</p>
Dataset of "Life history traits and cancer prevalence in birds" article
<p>Data used in the "Life history traits and cancer prevalence in birds" article. This dataset provides taxonomic information about the bird species used in this article, as well as the species' neoplasia and malignancy prevalence, and life history trait data.</p>
Data from: Life history changes associated with over 400 generations of artificial selection on body size in Drosophila
<p>Body size is a trait that shapes many aspects of a species' development and evolution. Larger body size is often beneficial in animals, but it can also be associated with life history costs in natural systems. Similarly, miniaturization, the evolution of extremely small adult body size, is found in every major animal group, yet carries its own life history trade-offs. Given that these effects can depend on an animal's environment and life stage and have mainly been studied in species that are already specialized for their size, the life history changes associated with evolutionary shifts in body size warrant additional investigation. Here, we used <em>Drosophila melanogaster </em>populations that had undergone over 400 generations of artificial selection on body size to investigate the changes in life history traits associated with the evolution of extremely large and extremely small body sizes. Populations selected for small body size experienced strong trade-offs in multiple life history traits, including reduced female fecundity and lower juvenile viability. Although we found correlated changes in egg size associated with selection for both large and small body size, after adjusting for female body size, females from populations selected for large size had the lowest relative investment per egg and females from populations selected for small size had the highest relative investment per egg. Taken together, our results suggest that egg size may be a key constraint on the evolution of body size in <em>D. melanogaster,</em> providing insight into the broader phenomenon of body size evolution in insects.</p>
Historical data for feeding, growth and life history in Pieris rapae
<p>These datasets provide the original data for a series of laboratory and field studies, and associated research publications, with Pieris rapae from multiple populations in North America, between 2000 and 2013. These studies focus on thermal sensitivity of feeding, growth and life history traits in these populations. Details of the study site, methodology, and associated publications for each study are described in the associated document file.</p>
Data from: Phenotypically plastic responses to environmental variation are more complex than life history theory predicts
<p>For insects that exhibit wing polyphenic development, abiotic and biotic signals dictate the adult wing morphology of the insect in an adaptive manner such that in stressful environments the formation of a flight-capable morph is favored and in low stress environments a flightless morph is favored. While there is a relatively large amount known about the environmental cues that dictate morph formation in wing polyphenic hemipterans like planthoppers and aphids, whether those cues dictate the same morphs in non-hemipteran (i.e. cricket) wing polyphenic species has not been explicitly investigated. To experimentally test the generality of environmental cue determination of wing polyphenism across taxa with diverse life histories, in this study we tested the importance of food quantity, parasitic infection, and tactile cues on wing morph determination in the wing polyphenic sand field cricket, <em>Gryllus firmus</em>. Our results also show that certain stress cues, such as severe diet quantity limitation and parasitic infection, actually led to an increase in the production of flightless morph. Based on these findings, our results suggest that physiological and genetic constraints are important to an organism's ability to respond to environmental variation in an adaptive manner beyond simple life history trade-offs.</p>
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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