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1,636 results for “marine species”
Data from: Form–function relationships in a marine foundation species depend on scale: a shoot to global perspective from a distributed ecological experiment
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Data from: Are Mediterranean marine threatened species at high risk by climate change?
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Data from: Selection for life-history traits to maximize population growth in an invasive marine species
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Copy number variants outperform SNPs to reveal genotype-temperature association in a marine species
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Using spatial capture-recapture methods to estimate long-term spatiotemporal variation of a wide-ranging marine species
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Drivers of spatiotemporal variability in bycatch of a top marine predator: First evidence for the role of water turbidity in protected species bycatch
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FIGURE 2 in A new genus and two new species of sea stars (Family Asterinidae) from Indonesian marine lakes, with notes on habitat and feeding ecology
FIGURE 2. Internal structures of Limnasterias gen. nov., A–B Limnasterias oinops holotype, MZB.Astr.00040: A. Ray and abactinal surface removed to show absence of superambulacral plates (arrow) B. Appressed superactinal plate at distal edge of interradius (arrow) C. Limnasterias estradivariae paratype, MZB.Astr.00047, abactinal surface and ray removed, showing interradial pillar (arrow) and absence of superambulacral plates D. L. estradivariae paratype, MZB.Astr.00048, superactinal plate (arrow). Note that residual fibers from packaging are present in Fig. 2C.
FIGURE 4 in A new genus and two new species of sea stars (Family Asterinidae) from Indonesian marine lakes, with notes on habitat and feeding ecology
FIGURE 4. Live and in situ observations of Limnasterias gen. nov. A. Limnasterias oinops, paratype, MZB.Astr.00042, live animal. B. Regurgitated remains of cannibalized L. oinops with visible furrow spines (arrow). C. Limnasterias estradivariae, paratype, MZB.Astr.00047, live animal. D. L. oinops on macroalgae. E. L. estradivariae on macroalgae.
Diversity and distribution of intertidal marine species in Singapore
<p>WildSingapore Wild Fact Sheets dataset</p>
FIGURES 1–6 in New records of Collembola from marine littoral sand of Hainan Island, China with description of a new Oudemansia species (Neanuridae: Pseudachorutinae)
FIGURES 1–6. Oudemansia chenorum sp. nov. 1, dorsal view of Abd. I–III showing intersegments; 2, cuticular granulation, anal spines and setae on Abd. VI; 3, mandible, labium and hypopharynx; 4, labrum; 5, pseudocellus on Abd. IV; 6, genital plate of male and anal valves. Scale bars: 100 µm in Fig. 1, 50 µm in Figs 2–6.
FIGURES 15–18 in New records of Collembola from marine littoral sand of Hainan Island, China with description of a new Oudemansia species (Neanuridae: Pseudachorutinae)
FIGURES 15–18. Oudemansia chenorum sp. nov. 15, hypopharynx and mandible; 16, maxila; 17, labium; 18, tibiotarsus III.
Characterizing uncertainty in climate impact projections: a case study with seven marine species on the North American continental shelf
<p>Projections of climate change impacts on living resources are being conducted frequently, and the goal is often to inform policy. Species projections will be more useful if uncertainty is effectively quantified. However, few studies have comprehensively characterized the projection uncertainty arising from greenhouse gas scenarios, Earth system models, and both structural and parameter uncertainty in species distribution modeling. Here we conducted 8964 unique 21st century projections for shifts in suitable habitat for seven economically important marine species including American lobster, Pacific halibut, Pacific ocean perch, and summer flounder. For all species, both the Earth system model used to simulate future temperatures and the niche modeling approach used to represent species distributions were important sources of uncertainty, while variation associated with parameter values in niche models was minor. Greenhouse gas emissions scenario contributed to uncertainty for projections at the century scale. The characteristics of projection uncertainty differed among species and also varied spatially, which underscores the need for improved multi-model approaches with a suite of Earth system models and niche models forming the basis for uncertainty around projected impacts. Ensemble projections show the potential for major shifts in future distributions. Therefore, rigorous future projections are important for informing climate adaptation efforts.</p>
Integrating univariate niche dynamics in species distribution models: a step forward for marine research on biological invasions
<p>Aim The development of approaches to predict the distribution and potential expansion of invasive species is still an open challenge. Here our goal is to improve the modelling procedure for marine invaders by coupling Species Distribution Models (SDMs) with an analysis of their univariate niche dynamics. In particular, we tested for the first time whether choosing model predictors among the stable niche dimensions was effective in improving predictions of invasive species expansion.<br> Location Mediterranean Sea<br> Taxon Dusky spinefoot, Siganus luridus.<br> Methods We analysed the univariate niche dynamics for S. luridus across its native and invaded ranges, by applying a standardized framework that allowed the identification of cases of niche stability or shift. We compared inter-range transferability of SDMs fitted with different combinations of labile or stable predictors. Finally, we evaluated interactions in SDM settings (calibration area, model technique and predictors set) on models' predictive ability, using independent data from the most recent phase of invasion.<br> Results We detected a pattern of niche stability for several variables, especially salinity and bathymetry, which positively influenced model inter-ranges transferability: when the models calibrated in the native range include only stable niche axes, predictive ability is improved. We also identified a shift toward lower surface temperatures in the introduced range, which were almost never experienced by the species before invasion. The model calibrated within the combined ranges was the most ecologically congruent. Also, models calibrated in the invaded range allowed a correct prediction of range expansion, with the predicted suitable areas only slightly underestimated.<br> Main conclusions We provide the first evidence that using conserved predictors in SDMs improves inter-range projections of expanding invasive species. Variable selection, calibration area and modelling technique all matter when modelling invasive species, with important interaction effects. We provide guidelines on how to improve SDMs applications in biological invasion research.</p>
Data from: Kin relationships in cultural species of the marine realm: case study of a matrilineal social group of sperm whales off Mauritius Island, Indian Ocean
<p>Understanding the organization and dynamics of social groups of marine mammals through the study of kin relationships is particularly challenging. Here we studied a stable social group of sperm whales off Mauritius, using underwater observations, individual-specific identification, non-invasive sampling, and genetic analyses based on mitochondrial sequencing and microsatellite profiling. Twenty-four sperm whales were sampled between 2017 and 2019. All individuals except one adult female shared the same mtDNA haplotype—one that is rare in the Western Indian Ocean—thus confirming with near certainty the matrilineality of the group. All probable first- and second-degree kin relationships were depicted in a sperm whale social group: 13 first-degree and 34 second-degree relationships were identified. Notably, we highlight the likely case of an unrelated female having been integrated into a social unit, in that she presented a distinct mtDNA haplotype and no close relationships with any members of the group. Investigating the possible matrilineality of sperm whale cultural units (i.e., vocal clans) is the next step in our research program to elucidate and better apprehend the complex organization of sperm whale social groups.</p>
Local-scale climatic refugia offer sanctuary for a habitat-forming species during a marine heatwave
<p><b>1. </b>Gradual climate change and discrete extreme climatic events have driven shifts in the structure of populations and the distribution of species in many marine ecosystems. The most profound impacts of recent warming trends have been generally observed at species' warm edges and on large conspicuous species. However, given that <span>different species and populations exhibit different responses to warming, and that responses are highly variable at regional scales, </span>there is a need <span>to broaden the evidence to include less conspicuous species and to focus on both local and regional scale processes.</span></p> <p><b>2. </b>We examined the population dynamics of canopy-forming seaweed populations situated at the core range of their distribution during a regional marine heatwave (MHW) event that occurred in the Mediterranean Sea in 2015, to determine between-site variability in relation to the intensity of the MHW. We combined field observations with a thermo-tolerance experiment to elucidate mechanisms underlying observed responses.</p> <p><b>3.</b> Despite our study populations are located in the species core range, the MHW was concomitant with a high mortality and structural shifts in only one of the two surveyed populations, most likely due to differences in habitat characteristics between sites (e.g. degree of shelter and seawater transfer). The experiment showed high mortalities at temperatures of 28 ºC, having the most severe implications for early life stages and fertility, which is consistent with warming being the cause of population changes in the field. Crucially, the regional-scale quantification of the MHW (as described by satellite-derived SSTs) did not capture local-scale variation in MHW conditions at the study sites, which likely explained variation in population-level responses to warming.</p> <p><b>4. </b><i>Synthesis.</i> Enclosed and semi-enclosed seas, such as the Mediterranean Sea, often highly impacted by human perturbations, are also global hotspots for ocean warming and are highly susceptible to future MHWs. Our findings highlight that local-scale variability in the magnitude of extreme climatic events can lead to local extinctions of already fragmented populations of habitat-forming seaweeds, even towards the species' core range. However, our results highlight the potential for local-scale climatic refugia, which could be identified and managed to safeguard the persistence of canopy-forming seaweeds.</p>
Marine species formation along the rise of Central America: the anomuran crab Megalobrachium
<p>The evolution of marine neotropical shallow water species is expected to have been greatly affected by physical events related to the emergence of the Central American Isthmus. The anomuran crab<i> Megalobrachium</i>, a strictly neotropical porcellanid genus, consists of four species in the West Atlantic (WA) and nine in the East Pacific (EP). Dispersal is limited to a relatively short planktonic phase, which lasts approximately two weeks. We obtained DNA sequences of three mitochondrial and two nuclear genes of all but one species of <i>Megalobrachium</i> to construct a time-calibrated phylogeny of the genus and its historical phylogeography, based on the reconstruction of ancestral areas. The topology of the phylogenetic trees of <i>Megalobrachium</i> produced by Bayesian Inference (BI) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) were virtually congruent. The genus is monophyletic with respect to other porcellanids. Ancestral area reconstruction indicates that it arose in the eastern Pacific 18 million years ago and diversified into at least 13 species that are currently formally recognized and three additional species indicated by our data. Most morphological variation appears to have followed phylogenetic differentiation, though some cryptic speciation has also occurred. Four geminate clades in this genus implicate the gradual emergence of the Central American Isthmus in this diversification, but events preceding the final separation of the oceans as well as within-ocean events after the cessation of water connections were also important.</p>
Data from: Testing the consistency of connectivity patterns for a widely dispersing marine species
Connectivity is widely recognised as an important component in developing effective management and conservation strategies. While managers are generally most interested in demographic, rather than genetic connectivity, new analytic approaches are able to provide estimates of both demographic and genetic connectivity measures from genetic data. Combining such genetic data with mathematical models represents a powerful approach for accurately determining patterns of population connectivity. Here, we use microsatellite markers to investigate the genetic population structure of the New Zealand Rock Lobster, Jasus edwardsii, which has one of the longest known larval durations of all marine species (> 2 years), a very large geographic range (> 5500 km), and has been the subject of extensive dispersal modelling. Despite earlier mitochondrial DNA studies finding homogeneous genetic structure, the mathematical model suggests that there are source-sink dynamics for this species. We found evidence of genetic structure in J. edwardsii populations with three distinct genetic groups across New Zealand and a further Australian group; these groups and patterns of gene flow were generally congruent with the earlier mathematical model. Of particular interest was the consistent identification of a self-recruiting population/region from both modelling and genetic approaches. While there is the potential for selection and harvesting to influence the patterns we observed, we believe oceanographic processes are most likely responsible for the genetic structure observed in J. edwardsii. Our results, using a species at the extreme end of the dispersal spectrum demonstrate that source-sink population dynamics may still exist for such species.
Data from: Barriers to gene flow in the marine environment: insights from two common intertidal limpet species of the Atlantic and Mediterranean
Knowledge of the scale of dispersal and the mechanisms governing gene flow in marine environments remains fragmentary despite being essential for understanding evolution of marine biota and to design management plans. We use the limpets Patella ulyssiponensis and Patella rustica as models for identifying factors affecting gene flow in marine organisms across the North-East Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea. A set of allozyme loci and a fragment of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome C oxidase subunit I were screened for genetic variation through starch gel electrophoresis and DNA sequencing, respectively. An approach combining clustering algorithms with clinal analyses was used to test for the existence of barriers to gene flow and estimate their geographic location and abruptness. Sharp breaks in the genetic composition of individuals were observed in the transitions between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean and across southern Italian shores. An additional break within the Atlantic cluster separates samples from the Alboran Sea and Atlantic African shores from those of the Iberian Atlantic shores. The geographic congruence of the genetic breaks detected in these two limpet species strongly supports the existence of transpecific barriers to gene flow in the Mediterranean Sea and Northeastern Atlantic. This leads to testable hypotheses regarding factors restricting gene flow across the study area.
Data from: Stochastic population dynamics and life-history variation in marine fish species
We examined whether differences in life-history characteristics can explain interspecific variation in stochastic population dynamics in nine marine fish species living in the Barents Sea system. After observation errors in population estimates were accounted for, temporal variability in natural mortality rate, annual recruitment, and population growth rate was negatively related to generation time. Mean natural mortality rate, annual recruitment, and population growth rate were lower in long-lived species than in short-lived species. Thus, important species-specific characteristics of the population dynamics were related to the species position along the slow-fast continuum of life-history variation. These relationships were further associated with interspecific differences in ecology: species at the fast end were mainly pelagic, with short generation times and high natural mortality, annual recruitment, and population growth rates, and also showed high temporal variability in those demographic traits. In contrast, species at the slow end were long-lived, deepwater species with low rates and reduced temporal variability in the same demographic traits. These interspecific relationships show that the life-history characteristics of a species can predict basic features of interspecific variation in population dynamical characteristics of marine fish, which should have implications for the choice of harvest strategy to facilitate sustainable yields.
Data from: Strong linkages between depth, longevity and demographic stability across marine sessile species
Understanding the role of the environment in shaping the evolution of life histories remains a major challenge in ecology and evolution. We synthesize longevity patterns of marine sessile species and find strong positive relationships between depth and maximum lifespan across multiple sessile marine taxa, including corals, bivalves, sponges and macroalgae. Using long-term demographic data on marine sessile and terrestrial plant species, we show that extreme longevity leads to strongly dampened population dynamics. We also used detailed analyses of Mediterranean red coral, with a maximum lifespan of 532 yr, to explore the life-history patterns of long-lived taxa and the vulnerability to external mortality sources that these characteristics can create. Depth-related environmental gradients – including light, food availability, temperature, and disturbance intensity –drive highly predictable distributions of life histories that, in turn, have predictable ecological consequences for the dynamics of natural populations.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.