Find research datasets worth reusing

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2020View details →

MFS-M-00156 Rain precipitation measured nearby Shapsha field station (in the village), HOBO rain gauge RG3-M, 2016-present

A raine gauge HOBO RG3-M was installed in Shapsha village in an open space (Shapsha field station) as part of macrofungi long-term plots monitoring in Shapsha vicinity. Installation on the ground level to prevent wind turbulence.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2020View details →

MFS-M-00155 Rain precipitation measured in coniferous forest, HOBO rain gauge RG3-M, 2015

A raine gauge HOBO RG3-M was installed at the Mukhrino field station research polygon, in coniferous mixed forest to measure precipitation under tree canopy. But this installation worked only for one year (2015), after this was stopped.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2020View details →

MFS-M-00307 Rain precipitation measured in raised bog (ryam), HOBO rain gauge RG3-M, 2017-present

A raine gauge HOBO RG3-M was installed at the Mukhrino field station reseach polygon in the raised bog, treed bog community (ryam) in 2017, installation on the ground level (to prevent wind turbulence), measurement frequency - by event. This series is duplicated by MFS-M-00154 and MFS-M-00308 to cover variability and in case of breakdown. See also MFS-M-157 for winter (snow) precipitation at the same site measured manually.

opencc-zeroDec 2020View details →

Data from: Risk of short-term biodiversity loss under more persistent precipitation regimes

Recent findings indicate that atmospheric warming increases the persistence of weather patterns in the mid-latitudes, resulting in sequences of longer dry and wet periods compared to historic averages. The alternation of progressively longer dry and wet extremes could increasingly select for species with a broad environmental tolerance. As a consequence, biodiversity may decline. Here, we explore the relationship between the persistence of summer precipitation regimes and plant diversity by subjecting experimental grassland mesocosms to a gradient of dry-wet alternation frequencies whilst keeping the total precipitation constant. The gradient varied the duration of consecutive wet and dry periods, from 1 up to 60 days with or without precipitation, over a total of 120 days. An alternation of longer dry and wet spells led to a severe loss of species richness (up to –75% relative to the current rainfall pattern in W-Europe) and functional diversity (enhanced dominance of grasses relative to nitrogen (N)-fixers and non-N-fixing forbs). Loss of N-fixers and non-N-fixing forbs in severe treatments was linked to lower baseline competitive success and higher physiological sensitivity to changes in soil moisture compared to grasses. The extent of diversity losses also strongly depended on the timing of the dry and wet periods. Regimes in which long droughts (≥ 20 days) coincided with above-average temperatures showed significantly more physiological plant stress over the experimental period, greater plant mortality, and impoverished communities by the end of the season. Across all regimes, the duration of the longest period below permanent wilting point was an accurate predictor of mortality across the communities, indicating that increasingly persistent precipitation regimes may reduce opportunities for drought stress alleviation. We conclude that without recruitment, which was precluded in this experiment, summer precipitation regimes with longer dry and wet spells will likely diminish plant diversity, at least in the short term.

opencc-zeroJan 2021View details →

Asymmetric responses of resource use efficiency to previous-year precipitation in a semi-arid grassland

1. Intensified inter-annual fluctuations in precipitation could profoundly impact terrestrial ecosystems. However, how changes previous-year precipitation influence current ecosystem functioning (e.g., resource use efficiency) in semi-arid regions remains unclear. 2. In this study, water use efficiency (WUE) and light use efficiency (LUE) were investigated in a multi-year precipitation gradient experiment with seven treatment levels: 20%, 40% and 60% decreases and 20%, 40% and 60% increases in the amount of natural rainfall plus ambient precipitation. Plots receiving 60% less precipitation were representative of extreme dry years whereas the other treatment levels fell within the normal year-to-year range in precipitation change. Measurements made in both the post-treatment period (2013-2015) and the treatment period (2010-2012) provided an opportunity to quantify the legacy effects of precipitation on resource use efficiency (RUE). 3. Sensitivities of LUE to previous-year precipitation were not changed among treatments in 2013. However, asymmetric responses of RUEs (i.e., WUE and LUE) to previous-year precipitation were found in 2014-2015. WUE2014, WUE2015, LUE2014, and LUE2015 responded more strongly to previous normal decreased than increased precipitation. Importantly, they were more sensitive to previous extreme dry year (represented by 60% precipitation reduction) than normal wet year (represented by 60% precipitation increment). Aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) rather than resource absorption (Ruptake) drove these asymmetric responses of RUE, and biomass of grasses further explained the asymmetric responses of ANPP. 4. This study reveals the non-linear responses of RUE to previous-year precipitation and highlighted that the legacy effects of precipitation on RUE can be ascribed to the changes in vegetation composition. Our findings can facilitate the prediction of the legacy effects of precipitation variation on grassland ecosystem functions in the future.

Micromechanics of Void Nucleation and Early Growth at Incoherent Precipitates: Lattice-trapped and Dislocation-mediated Delamination Modes

This repository contains raw data analyzed in the referenced manuscript published in Crystals (<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11010045">10.3390/cryst11010045</a>). See the included README file for detailed information on the contents.

opencc-zeroJan 2021View details →

Precipitation regime controls bryosphere carbon cycling similarly across contrasting ecosystems

In arctic and boreal ecosystems, ground bryophytes play an important role in regulating carbon (C) exchange between vast belowground C stores and the atmosphere. Climate is changing particularly fast in these high-latitude regions, but it is unclear how altered precipitation regimes will affect C dynamics in the bryosphere (i.e., the ground moss layer including senesced moss, litter, and associated biota) and the closely associated upper humus layer, and how these effects will vary across contrasting environmental conditions. Here, we set up a greenhouse experiment in which mesocosms were assembled containing samples of the bryosphere, dominated by the feather moss Hylocomium splendens, and the upper humus layer, that were collected from across a boreal forest chronosequence in northern Sweden which varies strongly in nutrient availability, productivity, and soil biota. We tested the effect of variation in precipitation volume and frequency on CO2 exchange and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) export, and on moss growth. As expected, reduced precipitation volume and frequency lowered net CO2 efflux, DOC export, and moss growth. However, by regulating moisture, the lower bryosphere and humus layers often mediated how precipitation volume and frequency interacted to drive C dynamics. For example, less frequent precipitation reduced moss growth only when precipitation volume was low. When volume was high, high moisture content of the humus layer helped avoid moss desiccation. Variation in precipitation regime affected C cycling consistently in samples collected across the chronosequence, despite large environmental variation along the sequence. This suggests that the bryosphere exerts a strong buffering effect on environmental variation at the forest floor, which leads to similar responses of C cycling to external perturbations across highly contrasting ecosystems. As such, our study indicates that projected increases in droughts and ground evapotranspiration in high-latitude regions resulting from climate change will consistently reduce C losses from moss-dominated ecosystems.

Sensitive dependence of ultrarelativistic electron precipitation on EMIC wave frequency

This is the data set used to create the figures in the paper by Lee (2021) in Journal of Geophysical Research as obtained from numerical calculations of equations of motion for ultrarelativistic electrons under electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves in the Earth's inner magnetosphere.

Data for the paper: An energetic view on the geographical dependence of the fast aerosol radiative effects on precipitation

This is the data presented in "An energetic view on the geographical dependence of the fast aerosol radiative effects on precipitation", Dagan et al 2021 JGR. names of files: *aqua* is for aqua-planet simulations, while *AMIP* is for AMIP simulations. *id* is for the simulations with the idealised aerosol perturbations in AMIP type of simulations. sur* are for surface variables, while d_*zonal* and d_mar* present the devotion zonal and  meridional cross-sections as in the paper    The names of the variables are as in the paper.

A new merged dataset for analyzing clouds, precipitation and atmospheric parameters based on ERA5 reanalysis data and the measurements of TRMM PR and VIRS

This new merged gridded dataset (M-1B01-2A25-GD) contains precipitation, clouds and atmospheric parameters with  0.25° spatial resolution. It is produced by merging TRMM PR and VIRS measurements with the ERA5 reanalysis dataset at the same spatiotemporal resolution between 40° S and 40° N. The near-surface rain rate, profiles of rain rate and precipitation reflectivity factor, visible and infrared signals and atmospheric parameters (temperature, pressure, geopotential height, specific humidity, divergence, vertical velocity and so on) can be obtained in the dataset. The statistical results indicate that the merging and gridding will not dramatically distort the original data and the new dataset can be used to study the characteristics and distribution of the precipitation and clouds systems.

Kinesin-1 activity recorded in living cells with a precipitating dye FIB-SEM data 1

Kinesin-1 activity recorded in living cells with a precipitating dye FIB-SEM dataset 1 - QPDTf precipitating dye with HeLa cells

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

Data from: The roots of the drought: hydrology and water uptake strategies mediate forest-wide demographic response to precipitation

Drought-induced tree mortality is expected to increase globally due to climate change, with profound implications for forest composition, function and global climate feedbacks. How drought is experienced by different species is thought to depend fundamentally on where they access water vertically below ground, but this remains untracked so far due to the difficulty of measuring water availability at depths at which plants access water (few to several tens of meters), the broad temporal scales at which droughts at those depths unfold (seasonal to decadal), and the difficulty in linking these patterns to forest-wide species-specific demographic responses. We address this problem through a new eco-hydrological framework: we used a hydrological model to estimate belowground water availability by depth over a period of two decades that included a multi-year drought. Given this water availability scenario and 20yr long-records of species-specific growth patterns, we inversely estimated the relative depths at which 12 common species in the forest accessed water via a model of water-stress. Finally, we tested whether our estimates of species relative uptake depths predicted mortality in multi-year drought. The hydrological model revealed clear belowground niches as precipitation was decoupled from water availability by depth at multi-annual scale. Species partitioned the hydrological niche by diverging in their uptake depths and so in the same forest stand, different species experienced very different drought patterns, resulting in clear differences in species-specific growth. Finally, species relative water uptake depths predicted species mortality patterns after the multi-year drought. Species that our method ranked as relying on deeper water were the ones that had suffered from greater mortality, as the zone from which they access water took longer to recharge after depletion. This research changes our understanding of how hydrological niches operate for trees with a trade-off between realized growth potential and survival under drought with decadal scale return time. The eco-hydrological framework highlights the importance of species-specific below ground strategies in predicting forest response to drought. Applying this framework more broadly may help us better understand species-coexistence in diverse forest communities and improve mechanistic predictions of forests productivity and compositional change under future climate.

opencc-zeroMar 2020View details →

Plant biomass, not plant economics traits, determines responses of soil CO2 efflux to precipitation in the C4 grass Panicum virgatum

1. Plant responses to major environmental drivers like precipitation can influence important aspects of carbon (C) cycling like soil CO2 efflux (JCO2). These responses may be predicted by two independent classes of drivers: plant size—larger plants respire more and produce a larger quantity of labile C, and plant economics—plants possessing more acquisitive plant economics strategies (i.e., high metabolic rate and tissue nutrient content) produce higher-quality tissue that respires rapidly and decomposes quickly. 2. At two sites in central Texas, USA with similar climates and differing soil characteristics, we examined the response of eight Panicum virgatum genotypes to three annual precipitation levels defined by the driest, average, and wettest years from each site's precipitation history. We evaluated the individual and joint influence of plant genotypes and precipitation on JCO2 and traits related to plant economics and plant size. We then used confirmatory path analysis to evaluate whether effects of precipitation on JCO2 were in part related to effects of precipitation on plant economics traits or size ('mediated' effects). 3. These genotypes exhibited variation in plant economics traits and aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP), an aboveground measure of plant size. Increasing precipitation increased JCO2 and ANPP more than plant economics traits. At both sites, ANPP was the single best predictor of JCO2. Moreover, the sites differed in the ways that plant size and plant economics traits combined with precipitation to influence JCO2. At the Austin site, the positive effect of precipitation on JCO2 was mediated primarily by ANPP, offset by a smaller effect of leaf nitrogen content; no direct precipitation effect was detected. At the Temple site, increasing precipitation had positive direct and ANPP-mediated effects on JCO2. This suggests that greater water limitation at Austin may strengthen the links between plant size and JCO2. 4. Synthesis Estimates of C cycling can be improved by accounting for mediation of precipitation effects on JCO2 by plant economics traits and plant size in resource-limited environments.

opencc-zeroDec 2015View details →

Data from: Precipitation alters interactions in a grassland ecological community

Climate change is transforming precipitation regimes world-wide. Changes in precipitation regimes are known to have powerful effects on plant productivity, but the consequences of these shifts for the dynamics of ecological communities are poorly understood. This knowledge gap hinders our ability to anticipate and mitigate the impacts of climate change on biodiversity. Precipitation may affect fauna through direct effects on physiology, behaviour or demography, through plant-mediated indirect effects, or by modifying interactions among species. In this paper, we examined the response of a semi-arid ecological community to a fivefold change in precipitation over 7 years. We examined the effects of precipitation on the dynamics of a grassland ecosystem in central California from 2007 to 2013. We conducted vegetation surveys, pitfall trapping of invertebrates, visual surveys of lizards and capture–mark–recapture surveys of rodents on 30 plots each year. We used structural equation modelling to evaluate the direct, indirect and modifying effects of precipitation on plants, ants, beetles, orthopterans, kangaroo rats, ground squirrels and lizards. We found pervasive effects of precipitation on the ecological community. Although precipitation increased plant biomass, direct effects on fauna were often stronger than plant-mediated effects. In addition, precipitation altered the sign or strength of consumer-resource and facilitative interactions among the faunal community such that negative or neutral interactions became positive or vice versa with increasing precipitation. These findings indicate that precipitation influences ecological communities in multiple ways beyond its recognized effects on primary productivity. Stochastic variation in precipitation may weaken the average strength of biotic interactions over time, thereby increasing ecosystem stability and resilience to climate change.

opencc-zeroDec 2019View details →

Data from: Evolutionary diversity in tropical tree communities peaks at intermediate precipitation

Global patterns of species and evolutionary diversity in plants are primarily determined by a temperature gradient, but precipitation gradients may be more important within the tropics, where plant species richness is positively associated with the amount of rainfall. The impact of precipitation on the distribution of evolutionary diversity, however, is largely unexplored. Here we detail how evolutionary diversity varies along precipitation gradients by bringing together a comprehensive database on the composition of angiosperm tree communities across lowland tropical South America (2,025 inventories from wet to arid biomes), and a new, large-scale phylogenetic hypothesis for the genera that occur in these ecosystems. We find a marked reduction in the evolutionary diversity of communities at low precipitation. However, unlike species richness, evolutionary diversity does not continually increase with rainfall. Rather, our results show that the greatest evolutionary diversity is found in intermediate precipitation regimes, and that there is a decline in evolutionary diversity above 1,490 mm of mean annual rainfall. If conservation is to prioritise evolutionary diversity, areas of intermediate precipitation that are found in the South American 'arc of deforestation', but which have been neglected in the design of protected area networks in the tropics, merit increased conservation attention.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2017View details →

An open-access CMIP5 pattern library for temperature and precipitation: Description and methodology.

The pattern library is available on GitHub through the Joint Global Change Research Institution repository (https://github.com/JGCRI/CMIP5_patterns). GitHub is a web-based version control repository and Internet hosting service which uses git concepts and commands. The purpose of creating this pattern library was to allow for researchers across various fields to be able to efficiently use the statistical patterns generated by the described regression method to examine model response to change in global mean temperature for all the available CMIP5 models (41 models, at present). We also further intend for those patterns to be easy to scale using a scaler generated from a SCM of ones choosing. The pattern library contains patterns, generated by the least squared regression methodology, for the first realization of the 41 CMIP5 climate models. Annual, seasonal, and monthly patterns are provided for surface temperature and precipitation. For temperature patterns, units in Celsius were used as it is the standard temperature units for impact analysis. Included in each netCDF file for each model is: 1. The individual model pattern (2-D); 2. The adjusted R2 between the predictor and dependent terms (2-D); 3. The standard error of the estimated regression coefficient (2-D); 4. A historical climatology based on the 1961-1990 average from each model (2-D), which can be used to construct absolute values at time X; 5. The 95th percentile confidence level pattern for model parameters. The patterns from all 41 CMIP5 models range in size (165 kB to 1 MB) due to spatial resolution, but all patterns were kept at the native resolution of the dependent variable and no regridding of input/output variables were done. This was done to retain model specific information, which may have been lost if regridded to a common spatial resolution. All source code used to produce patterns is available in the aforementioned repository. Source code is written in NCAR Command Language (Version 6.3.0; http://dx.doi.org/10.5065/D6WD3XH5).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2019View details →

Supporting data for Lin et al. "Diffuse Electron Precipitation Effects on Subauroral Polarization Streams"

This dataset contains the necessary data supporting the paper titled "The role of diffuse electron precipitation in the formation of subauroral polarization streams", submitted by Lin et al., 2021. The dataset includes 1. the solar wind/IMF and SYMH indices used to drive the Multiscale Atmosphere-Geospace Environment (MAGE) model; 2. Electron precipitation energy flux (EnFlux), cross track ion drift, field-aligned current (FAC), and Pedersen conductance (SigmaP) sampled along three trajectories of DMSP F18 satellite during 17 March 2013 (08:28-08:38 UT, 11:18-11:28 UT, 13:00-13:10 UT), which are used to compare with the DMSP measurements; 3. Plasma pressure distribution in the magnetospheric equatorial plane, and EnFlux, FAC, westward ion drifts, at 06 UT, 07 UT, 09 UT, and 11 UT from the baseline run of MAGE simulation; 4. Two-dimensional distributions of EnFlux, FAC, zonal ion drifts and their latitudinal samplings at magnetic local time of 20 h from two MAGE simulation runs, one being the same from above mentioned, the other being a controlled run in which diffuse electron precipitation was turned off; 5. Zonal ion drifts, magnetospheric equatorial plane plasma density, and boundary locations of the EnFlux and downward FAC in both the ionosphere and magnetosphere; 6. Two-dimensional distributions of EnFlux, FAC, zonal ion drifts and their latitudinal samplings at magnetic local time of 20 h from another two MAGE simulation runs, one using the Fedder precipitation model, the other using the RCM+Zhang precipitation model with a loss rate of one-tenth.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2023View details →

Data for "Impact of Precipitation Mass Sinks on Midlatitude Storms in Idealized GCM Simulations over a Wide Range of Climates"

Code, simulation input files, and postprocessed simulation output data supporting "Impact of Precipitation Mass Sinks on Midlatitude Storms in Idealized GCM Simulations over a Wide Range of Climates", submitted to Weather and Climate Dynamics. Enclosed README file provides detailed descriptions of the archive contents.

opencc-by-4.0May 2023View details →

Data for the paper: The impact of Mediterranean mesoscale eddies on precipitations on land

This dataset contains some raw model output, configuration files, and plotting scripts used to generate the results of the paper "The impact of Mediterranean mesoscale eddies on precipitations on land"