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Fig. 7 in Crossing the polar front-Antarctic species discovery in the nudibranch genus Tritoniella (Gastropoda)

Fig. 7 Schematic drawing of the anterior part of the reproductive system of Tritoniella belli. Abbreviations: A, ampulla; Fgl, female glands; Vdu, vaginal duct; Pes, penial sheath (including penial papilla); R, seminal receptacle; Vd, vas deferens

Fig. 2 in Crossing the polar front-Antarctic species discovery in the nudibranch genus Tritoniella (Gastropoda)

Fig. 2 Holotype of Tritoniella belli (NHMUK 1906.7.5.1). A, dorsal view. B, ventral view. C, lateral, left view. D, lateral, right view. Pictures © by the Natural History Museum of London; taken by Kevin

Fig. 3 in Crossing the polar front-Antarctic species discovery in the nudibranch genus Tritoniella (Gastropoda)

Fig. 3 Holotype of Tritoniella sinuata (NHMUK 1919.9.16.3). A, dorsal view. B, ventral view. C, lateral, left view. D, lateral, right view. Pictures © by the Natural History Museum of London; taken by

Fig. 18 in Crossing the polar front-Antarctic species discovery in the nudibranch genus Tritoniella (Gastropoda)

Fig. 18 Maximum likelihood tree based on concatenated markers COI, 16S and H3 of all Tritoniella species studied here analysed in IQ-TREE. Bootstrap support values are depicted on branches. The tree includes 35 specimens of the six Tritoniella species described

Fig. 12 Specimen SIO-BIC M13489 in Crossing the polar front-Antarctic species discovery in the nudibranch genus Tritoniella (Gastropoda)

Fig. 12 Specimen SIO-BIC M13489 of Tritoniella gnathodentata n. sp. A, dorsal view. B, ventral view. C, lateral view. D, live picture. E, ventral view of the anterior part with velum

Fig. 10 in Crossing the polar front-Antarctic species discovery in the nudibranch genus Tritoniella (Gastropoda)

Fig. 10 Holotype of Tritoniella prinzess n. sp. (ZSM 20141002). A, dorsal view. B, ventral view. C, lateral view. D, live picture. E, ventral view of the anterior part with velum

Fig. 11 in Crossing the polar front-Antarctic species discovery in the nudibranch genus Tritoniella (Gastropoda)

Fig. 11 Characteristic body parts of Tritoniella prinzess n. sp. specimen ZSM 20141002 (holotype). A, jaws. B, scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of the jaws showing masticatory border (mb) with a spike (sp). C, SEM of the radula showing rachidian (rh) teeth, first

Fig. 16 in Crossing the polar front-Antarctic species discovery in the nudibranch genus Tritoniella (Gastropoda)

Fig. 16 Paratype of Tritoniella heideae n. sp. (ZSM 20110202–01). A, dorsal view. B, ventral view. C, lateral view. D, live picture. E, ventral view of the anterior part with velum

Figure 6 in Taxonomy and trans-Beringian biogeography of the pond snails (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) of East Asia: an integrative view

Figure 6. Shells of the three lymnaeid species described here as new to science. A, Galba pacifica, the holotype. B, G. pacifica, a paratype (ZIN no. 4/531-2021, a ditch near the Horokatomamu Stream). C, G. pacifica, a paratype (RMBH, no. MLym-1113/4, Naie Stream). D, Kamtschaticana nipponica, the holotype. E, K. nipponica, a paratype (RMBH, no. MLym-1115/3). F, K. nipponica, a paratype (RMBH, no. MLym-1115/1). G, Orientogalba hokkaidoensis, the holotype. H, O. hokkaidoensis, a paratype (Hikirichi Stream). I, O. hokkaidoensis, a paratype (RMBH, no. MLym-1114/2). Scale bars: 5 mm. Photographs: Maxim V. Vinarski (A, B, D, G, H) and Olga V. Aksenova (C, E, F, I).

Figure 2 in Taxonomy and trans-Beringian biogeography of the pond snails (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) of East Asia: an integrative view

Figure 2. Maximum likelihood consensus phylogeny of the Lymnaeidae (five partitions: three codons of COI + 16S rRNA + 28S rRNA). Black numbers near nodes are bootstrap support values. Non-target clades are collapsed. The names of taxa recorded in the Far East are red; those having trans-Beringian (Holarctic) ranges are blue; that of the species endemic to Alaska is green; and the names of alien species are purple. The outgroup taxa are omitted. Information on COI, 16S rRNA, and 28S rRNA sequences that were used to build the tree is given in the Supporting Information (Table S1).

Figure 1 in Taxonomy and trans-Beringian biogeography of the pond snails (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) of East Asia: an integrative view

Figure 1. Species richness and distribution of pond snails (Lymnaeidae) on the eastern margin of Asia and Alaska. A, regional zonation of East Asia and Alaska based on the distribution of Lymnaeidae. The numbers in white circles indicate the number of species in corresponding regions. B, scatter plot of principal component (PC) analysis based on the presence–absence dataset of pond snails (Lymnaeidae) throughout regions of East Asia and Beringia. Distribution areas: ALA, Alaska; AMU, Amur River basin and Primorye; CHU, Chukchi Peninsula; HON, Honshu; HOK, Hokkaido; ḎM, Kamchatka Peninsula; KOL, Kolyma Highlands; KOR, Korean Peninsula; KUR, Kurile Archipelago; OKH, Okhotsk Sea Coast; SAK, Sakhalin Island. The data on pond snail occurrences are presented in Table 3. PC1 and component PC2 accounted for 38.8% and 21.1% of the total variance, respectively. The map was created using ESRI ARCGIS v.10 software (www.esri.com/arcgis).

Figure 5 in Taxonomy and trans-Beringian biogeography of the pond snails (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) of East Asia: an integrative view

Figure 5. Shells of the Amphipepleinae species. A, Radix auricularia (Russia, Khabarovsk City, a pond in the city park; LMBI). B, Radix coreana syn. nov., a syntype (ZMB; after Vinarski 2016). C, Radix cf. hamadai (Japan, Hokkaido, Matsumae; LMBI). D, Radix japonica (Japan, Yeddo; SMF). E, R. japonica (Japan, Yokohama; SMF). F, R. japonica (original drawing after Jay 1857). G, Radix onychia (Japan, Lake Biwa, southern shore near Otsu; ZIN). H, Orientogalba ollula (Russia, Primorye Territory, near Possiet Settlement; ZIN). I, Radix plicatula [Taiwan (= 'Formosa'); MNHN]. J, Radix plicatula [East China ('Manchouria, Port-Artur'); MNHN]. K, Kamtschaticana kamtschatica, the lectotype (ZIN). L, K. kamtschatica (Russia, Kamchatka, the Valley of Geysers). M, Kamtschaticana sp.1 (Russia, Kamchatka Peninsula, Lake Azabachye). Scale bars: 1 mm in K; 2 mm in G, H, L, M; 5 mm in A–E, I, J; not given in the original drawing in F. Photographs: Maxim V. Vinarski (A–E, G–J), Tatiana Ya. Sitnikova (K), and Olga V. Aksenova (L, M).

Figure 4 in Taxonomy and trans-Beringian biogeography of the pond snails (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) of East Asia: an integrative view

Figure 4. The copulatory apparatuses of the pond snails discussed in the taxonomic account. A, Dallirhytis atkaensis (Russia, the Chukchi Peninsula, Lake Vaaliuchio). B, Galba sibirica (Mongolia, the Teellin-gol River; after Vinarski et al. 2017b). C, Galba truncatula (Abkhazia, Gagra District, wet shore of Inkit Lake; after Vinarski et al. 2017b). D, Ladislavella liogyra (Russia, Primorye, a pool near Lake Lebedinoye). E, Walhiana catascopium (Russia, Kamchatka, Azabachye Lake; RMBH). F, Lymnaea sorensis (Russia, Kamchatka, Kamchatka River; RMBH). G, Kamtschaticana kamtschatica (Russia, Magadan Region, a water reservoir; after Vinarski et al. 2021). H, Orientogalba ollula (Russia, Primorye Territory, near Possiet Settlement; after Kruglov 2005). I, Radix auricularia (Russia, Tyumen' Region, Vylposl channel near Labytnangi Town). J, Radix plicatula (China, Bejing, an artificial pond in the former Emperor's summer palace; after Vinarski et al. 2020). K, Radix cf. hamadai (Japan, Matsumae; after Vinarski et al. 2020). Scale bars: 1 mm. Photographs: Maxim V. Vinarski (A–D, G, I–K) and Olga V. Aksenova (E, F).

Figure 3 in Taxonomy and trans-Beringian biogeography of the pond snails (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) of East Asia: an integrative view

Figure 3. Shells of the Lymnaeinae species. A, Dallirhytis atkaensis (USA, Alaska, Birch Lake; RMBH). B, Dallirhytis atkaensis (Russia, the Chukchi Peninsula, an unnamed lake; ZIN). C, Galba sibirica (Mongolia, the Teellin-gol River; after Vinarski et al. 2017b). D, Galba truncatula (Russia, Irkutsk Region, vicinities of Kirensk Town; LMBI). E, Ladislavella liogyra (Russia, Amur basin, vicinities of Nikol'sk-Ussuriysky Town; ZIN). F, Walhiana arctica (Canada, Ontario, Hudson's Bay; NHMUK). G, Walhiana catascopium (Canada, British Columbia, Aintworth hot springs; RMBH). H, Walhiana catascopium (Russia, Kamchatka, Azabachye Lake; RMBH). I, Lymnaea jugularis (USA, Michigan, the Rouge River; NHMUK). J, Lymnaea sorensis (Russia, Lake Baikal, a syntype; ZIN). K, Lymnaea jugularis (USA, Minnesota, a neotype with label; ZIN). Scale bars: 2 mm in C, D, F–H; 5 mm in A, B, E, I–K. Photographs: Maxim V. Vinarski (A–F, I–K) and Olga V. Aksenova (G, H).

Figure 7 in Taxonomy and trans-Beringian biogeography of the pond snails (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) of East Asia: an integrative view

Figure 7. Copulatory apparatuses of the three lymnaeid species described here as new to science. A, Galba pacifica, a paratype (RMBH, no. MLym-1113/4, Naie Stream), soft body and the copulatory apparatus. B, Kamtschaticana nipponica, a paratype (RMBH, no. MLym1115/1), soft body. C, Orientogalba hokkaidoensis, a paratype (RMBH, no. MLym-1114/2), soft body, female part of the reproductive system and the copulatory apparatus. Scale bars: 1 mm (copulatory apparatuses and female reproductive system) and 5 mm (soft bodies). Photographs: Olga V. Aksenova.

Figure 10 in The phylogeny and diversification of the western Eurasian Phaedusinae (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Clausiliidae)

Figure 10. Genital organs of the western Phaedusinae species used for the molecular phylogenetic analyses. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 7 in The phylogeny and diversification of the western Eurasian Phaedusinae (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Clausiliidae)

Figure 7. Lamella positions in the western Phaedusinae genera. Abbreviations correspond to the superior (su), inferior (in), and subcolumellar (sc) lamella.

Figure 4 in The phylogeny and diversification of the western Eurasian Phaedusinae (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Clausiliidae)

Figure 4. Shells of the western Phaedusinae species used in the molecular phylogenetic analyses. A, Pontophaedusella ofensis, Turkey, Of, SZ 06052301. B, Laeviphaedusa hyrcanica, Iran, Gilan, valley of the Shim Rud, SZ 99053002. C, Serrulinella senghanensis, Iran, Gilan, Lunak, SZ 00061401. D, Graecophaedusa sperrlei, Greece, Pangaion Mountains, HNHM 105310. E, Pontophaedusa funiculum, Turkey, Borçka, SZ 06052601. F, Pontophaedusa gregoi, Georgia, Katskhi, SZ 21100901. Scale bar: 3 mm.

Figure 3 in The phylogeny and diversification of the western Eurasian Phaedusinae (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Clausiliidae)

Figure 3. Time-calibrated Bayesian maximum clade credibility tree based on the extended dataset. This trimmed form shows only data of the Phaedusinae taxa and one Garnieriinae species. Numbers at the branches are Bayesian posterior probability values, whereas those at the nodes are estimated mean ages of the most recent common ancestors. Colour bars correspond to 95% highest posterior density intervals for the age estimates. W1 and W2 indicate western Phaedusinae, E1 and E2 eastern Phaedusinae. *Time calibration point.

Figure 2 in The phylogeny and diversification of the western Eurasian Phaedusinae (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Clausiliidae)

Figure 2. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree inferred from the concatenated dataset of the Phaedusinae and outgroup (Nenia tridens)