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FIGURES 7–18. Dorsal habitus. 7. Adneella columbiensis. 8. Agaveocoris distanti. 9. Bothrophorella nigra. 10. Cyrtocapsus columbiensis. 11. Eccritotarsus anolaimus. 12. Eccritotarsus colombianus.13. Eccritotarsus cruxnigra. 14. Eccritotarsus curtipilis. 15. Eccritotarsus gallegoi. 16. Eccritotarsus nigrocruciatus. 17. Eccritotarsus palmirensis. 18. Eccritotarsus restrepus Scale bars 1 in A taxonomic synopsis of the Eccritotarsini (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae Bryocorinae) of Colombia
FIGURES 7–18. Dorsal habitus. 7. Adneella columbiensis. 8. Agaveocoris distanti. 9. Bothrophorella nigra. 10. Cyrtocapsus columbiensis. 11. Eccritotarsus anolaimus. 12. Eccritotarsus colombianus.13. Eccritotarsus cruxnigra. 14. Eccritotarsus curtipilis. 15. Eccritotarsus gallegoi. 16. Eccritotarsus nigrocruciatus. 17. Eccritotarsus palmirensis. 18. Eccritotarsus restrepus Scale bars 1 mm.
FIGURE. Cladosporium benschii (VIC 44412, holotype). A–D. Colonies on A. Potato dextrose agar; B. Malt extract agar; C. Oatmeal agar; D. Synthetic nutrient-poor agar, after 14 days at 25 ºC, under near-ultraviolet light, respectively. E–J. Non-geniculate macronematous conidiophores and conidia. K. Conidiogenous cells with slightly protuberant loci. L. Micronematous conidiophores. M. Microcyclic conidiogenesis. Scale bars: E–M = 20 µM. in Six new species of Cladosporium associated with decayed leaves of native bamboo (Bambusoideae) in a fragment of Brazilian Atlantic Forest
FIGURE. Cladosporium benschii (VIC 44412, holotype). A–D. Colonies on A. Potato dextrose agar; B. Malt extract agar; C. Oatmeal agar; D. Synthetic nutrient-poor agar, after 14 days at 25 ºC, under near-ultraviolet light, respectively. E–J. Non-geniculate macronematous conidiophores and conidia. K. Conidiogenous cells with slightly protuberant loci. L. Micronematous conidiophores. M. Microcyclic conidiogenesis. Scale bars: E–M = 20 µM.
FIGURE. Cladosporium bambusicola (VIC 44237, holotype). A–D. Colonies on A. Potato dextrose agar; B. Malt extract agar; C. Oatmeal agar; D. Synthetic nutrient-poor agar, after 14 days at 25 ºC, under near-ultraviolet light, respectively. E–F. Conidiophore and bigger conidia. G–H. Conidiophores and smaller conidia. I. Stromatic hyphal aggregation. J–K. Micronematous conidiophores. L. Ramoconidia and conidia. M. Microcyclic conidiogenesis. Scale bars: E = 50 µM; F–M = 20 µM. in Six new species of Cladosporium associated with decayed leaves of native bamboo (Bambusoideae) in a fragment of Brazilian Atlantic Forest
FIGURE. Cladosporium bambusicola (VIC 44237, holotype). A–D. Colonies on A. Potato dextrose agar; B. Malt extract agar; C. Oatmeal agar; D. Synthetic nutrient-poor agar, after 14 days at 25 ºC, under near-ultraviolet light, respectively. E–F. Conidiophore and bigger conidia. G–H. Conidiophores and smaller conidia. I. Stromatic hyphal aggregation. J–K. Micronematous conidiophores. L. Ramoconidia and conidia. M. Microcyclic conidiogenesis. Scale bars: E = 50 µM; F–M = 20 µM.
Figure 8 in Discovery of a new scale worm (Annelida: Polynoidae) with presumed deep-sea affinities from an anchialine cave in the Balearic Islands (western Mediterranean)
Figure 8. Pollentia perezi gen. & sp. nov. (paratype MNCN 16.01/18956), parapodia. A, anterior parapodia, showing arrangement of elytrophores and cirrophores. B, dorsal view of parapodia of segments 13–15. C, detail of cirrophores, segment 14. D, micrograph of midbody parapodium, anterior view, showing neuroacicula by transparency. E, midbody parapodium, anterior view, scanning electron micrograph, showing chaetal bundles and tapering neuroacicular lobe. F, scanning electron micrograph of midbody parapodium with dorsal cirrus, posterior view. G, midbody parapodium ventral view, with elytrophore and a low, inconspicuous dorsal tubercle. H, detail of papilla on dorsal cirrus. I, anterior parapodia, ventral view. J, detail of papillae ventral cirrus segment 3. K, ventral cirri, smooth from segment 4. L, midbody ventral cirrus. M, ventral papilla. Abbreviations: al, acicular lobe; ci, cirrophore; dc, dorsal cirrus; el, elytrophore; nea, neuroacicular lobe; nei, interior neurochaetae; nes, superior neurochaetae; no, notochaetae; noa, notoacicular lobe; vc, ventral cirrus; 1–15,
Figure 9 in Discovery of a new scale worm (Annelida: Polynoidae) with presumed deep-sea affinities from an anchialine cave in the Balearic Islands (western Mediterranean)
Figure 9. Pollentia perezi gen. & sp. nov. (paratype MNCN 16.01/18956), chaetae. A, notochaetae tentacular segment (segment 1). B, notochaetae bundle. C, detail of tip of notochaetae. D, E, detail of superior neurochaetae, mid length. F, detail of distal end of superior neurochaetae. G, inferior neurochaetae. H, detail of distal end of inferior neurochaeta.
FIGURE. Cladosporium aulonemiae (VIC 44413, holotype). A–D. Colonies on A. Potato dextrose agar; B. Malt extract agar; C. Oatmeal agar; D. Synthetic nutrient-poor agar, after 14 days at 25 ºC, under near-ultraviolet light, respectively. E–G. Macronematous conidiophores and numerous conidia; H–I. Formation of loci in close succession; I. Spread polysaccharide-like material; J. Micronematous conidiophores; K. Ramoconidia and conidia; L. Microcyclic conidiogenesis; M. Stromatic hyphal aggregation. Scale bars: E–M = 20 µM. in Six new species of Cladosporium associated with decayed leaves of native bamboo (Bambusoideae) in a fragment of Brazilian Atlantic Forest
FIGURE. Cladosporium aulonemiae (VIC 44413, holotype). A–D. Colonies on A. Potato dextrose agar; B. Malt extract agar; C. Oatmeal agar; D. Synthetic nutrient-poor agar, after 14 days at 25 ºC, under near-ultraviolet light, respectively. E–G. Macronematous conidiophores and numerous conidia; H–I. Formation of loci in close succession; I. Spread polysaccharide-like material; J. Micronematous conidiophores; K. Ramoconidia and conidia; L. Microcyclic conidiogenesis; M. Stromatic hyphal aggregation. Scale bars: E–M = 20 µM.
Figure 7 in Discovery of a new scale worm (Annelida: Polynoidae) with presumed deep-sea affinities from an anchialine cave in the Balearic Islands (western Mediterranean)
Figure 7. Pollentia perezi gen. & sp. nov. (paratype MNCN 16.01/18956), elytra. A, outer edge, with microtubercles. B, same, scanning electron micrograph. C, D, detail of microtubercles, scanning electron micrograph. E, light micrograph of tubercles on outer surface. F, smooth inner edge, scanning electron micrograph.
Figure 6 in Discovery of a new scale worm (Annelida: Polynoidae) with presumed deep-sea affinities from an anchialine cave in the Balearic Islands (western Mediterranean)
Figure 6. Pollentia perezi gen. & sp. nov. (paratype MNCN 16.01/18956). A, head with dissected appendages except for lateral antennae. B, head and anterior parapodia, side view (tentacular cirri with removed styles). C, lateral antenna. D, detail of lateral antenna, with internal papillae. E, detail of wrinkled palp, with longitudinal rows of papillae. F, papilla on palp. G, upper lip, without facial tubercle. H, second segment, with wide neuropodial acicular lobe. I, ventral cirrus of second segment. J, detail of papilla of first ventral cirrus. K, transverse rows of cilia on midbody dorsal sides. L, detail of dorsal rows of cilia. M, pharyngeal papillae. N, detail of jaw. Abbreviations: la, lateral antenna; ma, median antenna; mo, mouth; nea, neuroacicular lobe; noa, notoacicular lobe; pa, palp; ph, pharyx; tc, tentacular cirrus; ti, inferior tentacular cirrus; ts, superior tentacular cirrus; vc, ventral cirrus; 1–4, segment number; stars, rows of cilia.
Figure 4 in Discovery of a new scale worm (Annelida: Polynoidae) with presumed deep-sea affinities from an anchialine cave in the Balearic Islands (western Mediterranean)
Figure 4. Pollentia perezi gen. & sp. nov. live specimen. A, dorsal view, showing spotted pigmentation pattern, holotype MNCN 16.01/18955. B, ventral view, showing spotted pigmentation pattern, holotype MNCN 16.01/18955. C, dorsal view, paratype MNCN 16.01/18956. D, detail of anterior end; notice two elytra still attached on first two left elytrophores, paratype MNCN 16.01/18956. Images courtesy of WhiteLife Photography. Abbreviations: br, brain; cma, ceratophore median antenna; dc, dorsal cirrus; ely, elytra; ja, jaws; la, lateral antenna; li, lip; ma, median antenna; np, nephridial papillae; pa, palp; tc1, inferior tentacular cirrus; tcs, superior tentacular cirrus; stars, nephridial ducts.
Figure 5 in Discovery of a new scale worm (Annelida: Polynoidae) with presumed deep-sea affinities from an anchialine cave in the Balearic Islands (western Mediterranean)
Figure 5. Pollentia perezi gen. & sp. nov. (holotype MNCN 16.01/18955) specimen, with all elytra accidentally lost except for a posterior one. A, anterior segments, dorsal view, live specimen. B, detail of prostomium and head appendages, preserved specimen. C, anterior segments of live specimen, with proboscis partly everted. D, anterior segments, ventral view, preserved specimen. E, detail of anterior margin, showing mouth. F, anterior parapodia, ventral view, showing nephridial papillae. G, posterior segments, dorsal view. Abbreviations: cma, ceratophore median antenna; la, lateral antenna; li, lip; ma, median antenna; mo, mouth; np, nephridial papilla; pa, palp; ph, pharyx; tc, tentacular cirrus.
Figure 3 in Discovery of a new scale worm (Annelida: Polynoidae) with presumed deep-sea affinities from an anchialine cave in the Balearic Islands (western Mediterranean)
Figure 3. Phylogenetic hypothesis of Polynoidae inferred from a maximum likelihood analysis based on the reduced dataset of four concatenated genetic markers (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, 16S rRNA and COI). Alignment was performed with MUSCLE for COI, using default parameters, and with MAFFT for 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA and 16S rRNA, using the xinsi option. Ambiguously aligned positions were removed with GBLOCKS. Support values in branches correspond, per order and separated by '/', to the bootstrap support (BS) values of the maximum likelihood IQ-TREE, the number of genes (concordance) and the numbers of positions (concordance). *Posterior probabilities> 0.9 recovered after Bayesian inference in MRBAYES.
Figure 1. A in Discovery of a new scale worm (Annelida: Polynoidae) with presumed deep-sea affinities from an anchialine cave in the Balearic Islands (western Mediterranean)
Figure 1. A, map of the Balearic Islands showing the known localities (red numbers) of the new cave polynoid worm Pollentia perezi gen. & sp. nov. (1), the stygobiont cirolanid isopod Metacirolana ponsi (1 and 2) and the stygobiont mysid Burrimysis palmeri (1, 2 and 3); these three taxa occur only in full-strength marine water layers of anchialine caves. B, plan view and section of the cave harbouring the new polynoid (after Suárez, 1993; modified). C, temperature and salinity profiles of the anchialine lake harbouring the new polynoid (notice euhaline conditions below 11 m depth). Temperature, salinity and depth profiles were obtained with an RBR XR-420 conductivity, temperature and depth (CTD) profiler.
FIGURE. Petalidium parvifolium, flower and leaf morphology. A. Branchlet showing leaves that are not succulent; blade ± flat and margins without long, robust, multi-cellular trichomes and isolated, robust, stalked glandular trichomes. B. Flower in front view. C. Flower in lateral view. Scale bar = 5 mm. Photographs by W. Swanepoel. in Petalidium mannheimerae (Acanthaceae), a new species from Namibia and South Africa, with notes on the taxonomic identity of P. parvifolium
FIGURE. Petalidium parvifolium, flower and leaf morphology. A. Branchlet showing leaves that are not succulent; blade ± flat and margins without long, robust, multi-cellular trichomes and isolated, robust, stalked glandular trichomes. B. Flower in front view. C. Flower in lateral view. Scale bar = 5 mm. Photographs by W. Swanepoel.
FIGURE. Petalidium mannheimerae, morphology of flowers from different localities in the Richtersveld, Northern Cape, South Africa (A–D), and leaf morphology (E). A. Flower in lateral view (Sun Valley). B. Flower in front view (Sun Valley). C. Flower in front view (Kosies). D. Flowers (Umdaus). E. Branchlet showing leaves being semi-succulent, the blade subconduplicate to conduplicate, recurved towards apex, the margins with isolated, robust, stalked glandular trichomes. Scale bar = 5 mm. Photographs by M. Koekemoer (A–C), N. Jürgens (D), & W. Swanepoel (E). in Petalidium mannheimerae (Acanthaceae), a new species from Namibia and South Africa, with notes on the taxonomic identity of P. parvifolium
FIGURE. Petalidium mannheimerae, morphology of flowers from different localities in the Richtersveld, Northern Cape, South Africa (A–D), and leaf morphology (E). A. Flower in lateral view (Sun Valley). B. Flower in front view (Sun Valley). C. Flower in front view (Kosies). D. Flowers (Umdaus). E. Branchlet showing leaves being semi-succulent, the blade subconduplicate to conduplicate, recurved towards apex, the margins with isolated, robust, stalked glandular trichomes. Scale bar = 5 mm. Photographs by M. Koekemoer (A–C), N. Jürgens (D), & W. Swanepoel (E).
FIGURE. Petalidium lucens, flower and leaf morphology. A. Flower in front view. B. Flower in lateral view. C. Older leaves, relatively smooth adaxially. D. Relatively young leaves with greyish indumentum. Scale bar = 5 mm. Photographs by W. Swanepoel. in Petalidium mannheimerae (Acanthaceae), a new species from Namibia and South Africa, with notes on the taxonomic identity of P. parvifolium
FIGURE. Petalidium lucens, flower and leaf morphology. A. Flower in front view. B. Flower in lateral view. C. Older leaves, relatively smooth adaxially. D. Relatively young leaves with greyish indumentum. Scale bar = 5 mm. Photographs by W. Swanepoel.
Individual-level leaf trait variation and correlation across biological and spatial scales
<p>Even with increasing interest in the ecological importance of intraspecific trait variation (ITV) for better understanding ecological processes, few studies have quantified ITV in seedlings and assessed constraints imposed by trade-offs and correlations among individual-level leaf traits. Estimating the amount and role of ITV in seedlings is important to understand tree recruitment and long-term forest dynamics. We measured ten different size, economic, and whole leaf traits (lamina and petiole) for more than 2800 seedlings (height ≥ 10 cm and diameter at breast height < 1 cm) in 283 seedling plots, and then quantified the amount of ITV and trait correlations across two biological (intraspecific and interspecific) and spatial (within and among plots) scales. Finally, we explored the effects of trait variance and sample size on the strength of trait correlations. We found about 40% (6~63%) variation in leaf-level traits was explained by ITV across all traits. Lamina and petiole traits were correlated across biological and spatial scales, whereas leaf size traits (e.g., lamina area) were weakly correlated with economics traits (e.g., specific lamina area); <a name="_Hlk61031779">lamina mass ratio was strongly related to the petiole length</a>. Trait correlations varied among species, plots, and different scales but there was no evidence that the strength of trait relationships was stronger at broader than finer biological and spatial scales. While larger trait variance increased the strength of correlations, the sample size was the most important factor that was negatively related to the strength of trait correlations. Our results showed that a large amount of trait variation was explained by ITV, which highlighted the importance of considering ITV when using trait-based approaches in seedling ecology. In addition, sample size was an important factor that influenced the strength of trait correlations, which suggests that comparing trait correlations across studies should consider the differences in sample size.</p>
FIGURE. Disc cypselae and pappus in Callilepis taxa. A. Scanning electron micrograph of the laterally compressed disc cypsela of C. laureola var. laureola with one long and one short awn (Bester 13813, PRE). B. Digital image of the inner ray floret of C. leptophylla with laterally compressed ovary, one long awn and one short awn (Van Vuuren 1307, PRE). C. and D. Scanning electron micrographs of the disc cypselae of C. lancifolia: C, with one pappus awn and scales and D, no pappus awns, only scales (Koekemoer 5555, PRE). in A taxonomic revision of the genus Callilepis (Asteraceae) in South Africa
FIGURE. Disc cypselae and pappus in Callilepis taxa. A. Scanning electron micrograph of the laterally compressed disc cypsela of C. laureola var. laureola with one long and one short awn (Bester 13813, PRE). B. Digital image of the inner ray floret of C. leptophylla with laterally compressed ovary, one long awn and one short awn (Van Vuuren 1307, PRE). C. and D. Scanning electron micrographs of the disc cypselae of C. lancifolia: C, with one pappus awn and scales and D, no pappus awns, only scales (Koekemoer 5555, PRE).
Magnetically actuated gearbox for the wireless control of millimeter-scale robots
<p>The limited force or torque outputs of miniature magnetic actuators constrain the locomotion performances and functionalities of magnetic millimeter-scale robots. Here, we present a magnetically actuated gearbox with a maximum size of 3 millimeters for driving wireless millirobots. The gearbox is assembled using microgears that have reference diameters down to 270 micrometers and are made of aluminum-filled epoxy resins through casting. With a magnetic disk attached to the input shaft, the gearbox can be driven by a rotating external magnetic field, which is not more than 6.8 millitesla, to produce torque of up to 0.182 millinewton meters at 40 hertz. The corresponding torque and power densities are 12.15 micronewton meters per cubic millimeter and 8.93 microwatt per cubic millimeter, respectively. The transmission efficiency of the gearbox in the air is between 25.1 and 29.2% at actuation frequencies ranging from 1 to 40 hertz, and it lowers when the gearbox is actuated in viscous liquids. This miniature gearbox can be accessed wirelessly and integrated with various functional modules to repeatedly generate large actuation forces, strains, and speeds; store energy in elastic components; and lock up mechanical linkages. These characteristics enable us to achieve a peristaltic robot that can crawl on a flat substrate or inside a tube, a jumping robot with a tunable jumping height, a clamping robot that can sample solid objects by grasping, a needle-puncture robot that can take samples from the inside of the target, and a syringe robot that can collect or release liquids.</p>
FIGURE. Dothiorella viticola on dead branch of Morus sp. (MFLU 19-0621). a, b. Conidiomata on host substrate. c. Vertical section through conidioma. d. Ostiole. e. Peridium of conidioma. f–j. Conidia attached to conidiogenous cells. k–m. Conidia. n. Germinating conidium. o, p. Colony on PDA (o upper, p lower). Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 100 μm, c = 50 μm, d = 20 μm, e–n = 10 μm. in Two new species of Botryosphaeriaceae (Botryosphaeriales) and new host/ geographical records
FIGURE. Dothiorella viticola on dead branch of Morus sp. (MFLU 19-0621). a, b. Conidiomata on host substrate. c. Vertical section through conidioma. d. Ostiole. e. Peridium of conidioma. f–j. Conidia attached to conidiogenous cells. k–m. Conidia. n. Germinating conidium. o, p. Colony on PDA (o upper, p lower). Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 100 μm, c = 50 μm, d = 20 μm, e–n = 10 μm.
FIGURE. Sphaeropsis linhaiensis on dead branch of Cinnamomum camphora (HKAS 10-2383). a, b. Appearance of ascostromata on host surface. c, d. Section through ascomata. e. Section through peridium. f. Pseudoparaphyses. g–j. Asci. k–p. Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 μm, c, d = 100 μm, e, f = 20 μm, g–j = 50 μm, k–p = 10 μm. in Two new species of Botryosphaeriaceae (Botryosphaeriales) and new host/ geographical records
FIGURE. Sphaeropsis linhaiensis on dead branch of Cinnamomum camphora (HKAS 10-2383). a, b. Appearance of ascostromata on host surface. c, d. Section through ascomata. e. Section through peridium. f. Pseudoparaphyses. g–j. Asci. k–p. Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 1 mm, b = 200 μm, c, d = 100 μm, e, f = 20 μm, g–j = 50 μm, k–p = 10 μm.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.