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FIGURE 34 in Description, host range and distribution of a new Macrodiplosis species (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) that induces leaf-margin fold galls on deciduous Quercus (Fagaceae) with comparative notes on Palaearctic congeners

FIGURE 34. Strict consensus of 197 equally parsimonious trees (tree length 423, consistency index = 0.6, retention index = 0.90, rescaled consistency index = 0.54) for Macrodiplosis spp. based on 658bp of the COI gene. Bootstrap values are indicated for nodes with more than 50% support.

FIGURES 22–25. Macrodiplosis pustularis. 22. Male flagellomere V. 23. Male terminalia, dorsal. 24. Female flagellomere VII. 25 in Description, host range and distribution of a new Macrodiplosis species (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) that induces leaf-margin fold galls on deciduous Quercus (Fagaceae) with comparative notes on Palaearctic congeners

FIGURES 22–25. Macrodiplosis pustularis. 22. Male flagellomere V. 23. Male terminalia, dorsal. 24. Female flagellomere VII. 25. Ovipositor, lateral. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 14–21 in Description, host range and distribution of a new Macrodiplosis species (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) that induces leaf-margin fold galls on deciduous Quercus (Fagaceae) with comparative notes on Palaearctic congeners

FIGURES 14–21. Larva and pupa of M. selenis sp. n. 14. Larval head and mesothorax, dorsal, circles indicate dorsal papillae. 15. Larval sternal spatula. 16. Prothorax showing sternal spatula, ventral. 17. A part of larval sternal spatula and lateral papillae on prothorax, circles indicate two papillae in each cluster with minute seta. 18. Larval abdominal tergites II and III, circles indicate dorsal papillae. 19. Larval terminal segment, dorsal, large circles indicate four setose terminal papillae, small circles indicate the corniform papillae. 20. Same, ventral). 21. Pupal head (ventral). Abbreviations: ba, base of antennae. cs, cephalic seta. ps, prothoracic spiracle. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 29–33. Macrodiplosis roboris. 29. Larval sternal spatula. 30 in Description, host range and distribution of a new Macrodiplosis species (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) that induces leaf-margin fold galls on deciduous Quercus (Fagaceae) with comparative notes on Palaearctic congeners

FIGURES 29–33. Macrodiplosis roboris. 29. Larval sternal spatula. 30. Larval head and prothorax, ventral. 31. A part of sternal spatula (sp) and lateral papillae (in circles). 32. Larval terminal segment, dorsal. 33. Same, ventral. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 9–13 in Description, host range and distribution of a new Macrodiplosis species (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) that induces leaf-margin fold galls on deciduous Quercus (Fagaceae) with comparative notes on Palaearctic congeners

FIGURES 9–13. Macrodiplosis selenis sp. n. 9. Male flagellomere V. 10. Male terminalia, dorsal. 11. Female head, anterior. 12. Female flagellomere VII. 13. Ovipositor, lateral. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 26–28 in Description, host range and distribution of a new Macrodiplosis species (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) that induces leaf-margin fold galls on deciduous Quercus (Fagaceae) with comparative notes on Palaearctic congeners

FIGURES 26–28. Larva and pupa of M. pustularis. 26. Larval sternal spatula (after Möhn 1955). 27. Pupal prothoracic spiracle. 28. Portion of the pupal frontal area and the base of antennal sheath, ventral. Abbreviations: ba, base of antennae. cs, cephalic seta. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 5–8 in Description, host range and distribution of a new Macrodiplosis species (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) that induces leaf-margin fold galls on deciduous Quercus (Fagaceae) with comparative notes on Palaearctic congeners

FIGURES 5–8. Leaf galls induced by Macrodiplosis spp. on different Quercus species and in different localities. 5. M. roboris on Q. robur in Surrey, UK. 6. Macrodiplosis sp. 2. on Q. mongolica in Hokkaido, Japan. 7. M. pustularis on Q. robur in Surrey, UK. 8. Macrodiplosis sp. on Q. falcata in Maryland, USA. Scale bars: 5 mm.

FIGURE 6 in A new leaf-tailed gecko of the Uroplatus ebenaui group (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Madagascar's central eastern rainforests

FIGURE 6. Holotype of Uroplatus phantasticus (BMNH 1946.8.26.64) photographed in 2011 in various views; A–B: overview of the dorsal and ventral sides, C–D: dorsal and ventral view of the head, E–F: open mouth for the oral mucosa observation and lateral view of the head.

FIGURE 4 in A new leaf-tailed gecko of the Uroplatus ebenaui group (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Madagascar's central eastern rainforests

FIGURE 4. Boxplots showing variation in two meristic counts and two morphometric ratios in the specimens studied herein of all described species of the Uroplatus ebenaui group, plus the newly described U. fiera and the candidate species U. ebenaui [Ca1]. Information on its phylogenetically closest relative U. ebenaui [Ca8] is not available. SE = Standard error. For additional abbreviations see Materials and Methods.

FIGURE 1 in A new leaf-tailed gecko of the Uroplatus ebenaui group (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Madagascar's central eastern rainforests

FIGURE 1. Bayesian inference tree of the Uroplatus ebenaui group based on a 2313 bp fragment of four concatenated mitochondrial gene fragments (ND4, 12SrRNA, 16SrRNA, COX1). Only posterior probability values of 0.95 or greater are displayed at nodes. Shaded boxes indicate nominal species, undescribed candidate species reside outside such box. An outgroup (U. alluaudi) was used for rooting but omitted from the tree for graphical reasons. The inset map shows distribution of the new species U. fiera and related species; for more detailed distribution maps of all species of the U. ebenaui group refer to Ratsoavina et al. (2013).

FIGURE 3 in A new leaf-tailed gecko of the Uroplatus ebenaui group (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Madagascar's central eastern rainforests

FIGURE 3. Tails of specimens of all described species of the Uroplatus ebenaui group, plus the newly described U. fiera and the candidate species U. ebenaui [Ca1] (no voucher specimens or photos could be examined for U. ebenaui [Ca8] which is phylogenetically the closest lineage to U. fiera). All tails sized to scale (scale bar 2 mm). Female specimens are labelled with F in parentheses. All other specimens are males.

FIGURE 2 in A new leaf-tailed gecko of the Uroplatus ebenaui group (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Madagascar's central eastern rainforests

FIGURE 2. Median joining network reconstructed from haplotypes of a 400 bp fragment of the nuclear CMOS gene for the described species of the Uroplatus ebenaui group, plus the newly described U. fiera and its closest relatives, the candidate species U. ebenaui [Ca1] and [Ca8]. Haplotypes were inferred using the PHASE algorithm. After each species name, the haplotypes assigned to this species are listed. Bars and small black dots represent mutational steps and circle size refers to number of haplotype sequences involved and summarized at the bottom of the network diagram.

FIGURE 9 in A new leaf-tailed gecko of the Uroplatus ebenaui group (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Madagascar's central eastern rainforests

FIGURE 9. Photos of everted hemipenes of two males of Uroplatus fiera: holotype ZSM 213/2014 (FRC 619) and paratype ZSM 212/2014 (FRC 618). Not to scale.

FIGURE 5 in A new leaf-tailed gecko of the Uroplatus ebenaui group (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Madagascar's central eastern rainforests

FIGURE 5. Number of adhesive lamellae under the third toe (LAM3T) in U. fiera sp. nov. and U. ebenaui, showing smaller numbers of lamellae in the latter.

FIGURES 122–130 in Taxonomic remarks, phylogeny and evolutionary notes on the leaf beetle species belonging to the Cryptocephalus sericeus complex (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae)

FIGURES 122–130. First endophallic sclerite: (122): C. globicollis (Alpes Maritimes, France); (123): C. paphlagonius (Mts. Kackar, Turkey). Abdomen in ventral view: (124): C. concolor (Astrabad, Iran); (125): C. duplicatus (Karachaevo-Cherkessia, Russia); (126): C. convergens (Pordoi Pass, Italy); (127): C. aureolus (Lillaz, France); (128): C. transcaucasicus (Vitosha, Bulgaria); (129): C. castilianus (Cuenca, Spain); (130): C. globicollis (Pierrefeu, France). Not drawn to the same scale.

FIGURES 109–121 in Taxonomic remarks, phylogeny and evolutionary notes on the leaf beetle species belonging to the Cryptocephalus sericeus complex (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae)

FIGURES 109–121. Median lobe of aedeagus, apex in ventral and (b) lateral view: (109): C. castilianus (Riopar, Spain); (110): C. globicollis (Marseille, France); (111): C. paphlagonius (Sarigel, Turkey); (112): C. sericeus (Karlstadt am Main, Germany); (113): C. cantabricus (El Escorial, Spain); (114): C. praticola (Čerkessia, Russia); (115): C. falzonii (Melia, Italy); (116): C. samniticus (Prato la Corte, Italy); (117): C. transiens (Mt. Barro, Italy); (118): C. hypochaeridis (Chlaba, Slovakia); (119): C. solivagus (Tschemal, Russia); (120): C. therondi (St. Pons, France); (121): C. cristula (St. Hilario, Spain). Not drawn to the same scale.

FIGURES 96–108 in Taxonomic remarks, phylogeny and evolutionary notes on the leaf beetle species belonging to the Cryptocephalus sericeus complex (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae)

FIGURES 96–108. Median lobe of aedeagus, apex in ventral view: (96): C. regalis (Primorskije, Russia); (97): C. laetus (South Urals, Russia); (98): C. baeticus (Nieves, Spain); (99): C. rugicollis (Sassinoro, Italy); (100): C. barii (Mt. Presolana, Italy); (101): C. emiliae (Azrou, Morocco); (102): C. quadriguttatus (Maikop, Russia); (103): C. atrifrons (Madone d'Utelle, France); (104): C. virens (Sarikamis, Turkey); (105): C. concolor (Mazendaran, Iran); (106): C. leonhardi (Cicarana, Italy); (107): C. convergens (Grisons, Switzerland); (108): C. aureolus (Lanslebourg, France). (a): lateral and (b) dorsal view of first endophallic sclerite. Not drawn to the same scale.

FIGURE 94 in Taxonomic remarks, phylogeny and evolutionary notes on the leaf beetle species belonging to the Cryptocephalus sericeus complex (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae)

FIGURE 94. One of the 30 trees derived from parsimony analysis of the morphological equal-weights dataset on which characters (above) and states (below) distributions are mapped under unambiguous transformation. Black squares indicate unique (non-homoplasious) transformed characters whereas green circles represents homoplasious characters.

FIGURES 68–77 in Taxonomic remarks, phylogeny and evolutionary notes on the leaf beetle species belonging to the Cryptocephalus sericeus complex (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae)

FIGURES 68–77. Female abdominal tergite VIII: (68): C. barii (Mt. Grigna, Italy); (69): C. zambanellus (Trieste, Italy). Female rectal apparatus in dorsal view: (70): C. atrifrons (Madone d'Utelle, France); (71): C. azurescens (Oukaimeden, Morocco); (72): C. emiliae (Atlas central, Morocco); (73): C. duplicatus (Amman, Jordan); (74): C. aureolus (Lillaz, France); (75): C. virens (Sarikamis, Turkey); (76): C. v. scaffaiolus (Scaffaiolo Lake, Italy); (77): C. globicollis (Pierrefeu, France). Numbers indicate characters and states. Not drawn to the same scale.

FIGURE 95 in Taxonomic remarks, phylogeny and evolutionary notes on the leaf beetle species belonging to the Cryptocephalus sericeus complex (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae)

FIGURE 95. Bayesian analysis of a morphological and molecular (central portion of the small subunit ribosomial RNA genes) combined dataset implemented for the taxa of which both types of data were available. For the molecular partition the analysis was conducted by using the general time reversible model (Lanave et al., 1984; Tavaré, 1986; Rodríguez et al., 1990) assuming rates to vary across sites according to a gamma distribution (Yang, 1994) with a proportion of invariable sites (Gu et al., 1995). For the morphological partition the analysis was conducted by using the Mk model for morphological data (Lewis, 2001). Values near branches are the bayesian posterior probabilities.