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FIGURE 1 in Linderiella jebalae sp. nov. (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Anostraca), a new species from the Rif mountains (northern Morocco)

FIGURE 1. General appearance of an alive female (right) and male (left) of Linderiella jebalae sp. nov.

FIGURE 4 A–B in Hedotettix angulatus sp. nov. (Orthoptera: Tetrigoidea: Tetrigidae, Tetriginae) a new pygmy grasshopper species from India

FIGURE 4 A–B. Distribution map of Hedotettix angulatus sp. nov. A, India; B, Chhattisgarh State; the triangle marks denote the distribution of Hedotettix angulatus sp. nov.

FIGURE 5 in Cladorhiza corallophila sp. nov., a new carnivorous sponge (Cladorhizidae, Demospongiae) living in close association with Lophelia pertusa and Madrepora oculata (Scleractinia)

FIGURE 5. Molecular tree showing the relation of C. corallophila sp. nov. to other Atlantic Cladorhizidae.

FIGURE 4 in Cladorhiza corallophila sp. nov., a new carnivorous sponge (Cladorhizidae, Demospongiae) living in close association with Lophelia pertusa and Madrepora oculata (Scleractinia)

FIGURE 4. Comparative material of C. abyssicola (A–D) and C. gelida (E–F): A: Section of BMNH 1910.1.1.1372, Hansen collection "type", B–D: Habitus and section of BMNH 1934.2.16.14, E–F: Habitus with close-ups of ZMUC-DEM-31 (Syntype). Scale bars: A: 1 mm, B: 1 cm, C: 4 mm, D: 1 mm, E: 2 cm, F–G: 1 mm.

FIGURE 3 in Cladorhiza corallophila sp. nov., a new carnivorous sponge (Cladorhizidae, Demospongiae) living in close association with Lophelia pertusa and Madrepora oculata (Scleractinia)

FIGURE 3. Spicules of C. corallophila sp. nov. (holotype, SMF 11490): A: Strongyle, B: Mycalostyle, C: Sigma with one bifurcate end, D: Normal sigma, E: Anchorate anisochela, F: Tip of a lateral branch of holotype SMF 11490, G: Tip of a branch of SMF 11489, H: Section with prey inside the tissue, I: Surface-view with prey partly looking out. Scale bars: A, B: 100 µm, C, D: 30 µm, E: 10 µm, F, G: 1 mm (inset of G: 100 µm), H: 500µm, I: 100µm.

FIGURE 2 in Cladorhiza corallophila sp. nov., a new carnivorous sponge (Cladorhizidae, Demospongiae) living in close association with Lophelia pertusa and Madrepora oculata (Scleractinia)

FIGURE 2. Habitus and skeleton of C. corallophila sp. nov.: A: In situ-picture of sponge with pointed surface filaments (SMF 11410) attached to a live Madrepora oculata colony, copyright T. Lundälv, Sven Lovén Centre, Gotenburg University, B: In situ-picture of sponge with rounded surface filaments, sta. GeoB 14908-1, ROV dive 10, 1740.148'N 1640.6'W, 513 m water depth, Banda Mound Complex, copyright T. Lundälv, Sven Lovén Centre, Gotenburg University, C: Basal part of SaM-ID 1430, encalcified by Lophelia pertusa, D: Holotype SMF 11490 in ethanol, E: Close-up of holotype, F: Section of holotype, G: Close-up of SMF 11489, H: Section thereof. Scale bars: A: 4 cm, B: 2 cm, C: 5 mm, D: 1 cm, E: 5 mm, F: 1 mm, G: 5 mm, H: 1 mm.

FIGURE 1 in Cladorhiza corallophila sp. nov., a new carnivorous sponge (Cladorhizidae, Demospongiae) living in close association with Lophelia pertusa and Madrepora oculata (Scleractinia)

FIGURE 1. Map of the study area off Mauritania with sampling sites (black square). Bathymetry derives from GEBCO (2014).

FIGURES 7–11 in Peckia veropeso sp. nov., a flesh fly (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) from the Brazilian Amazon associated with riparian habitats

FIGURES 7–11. Peckia (Peckia) veropeso sp. nov., paratype ♂. 7. Epandrium, surstylus and cercus, with arrow pointing to dorsal notch, left lateral view. 8. Pregonite, lateral view. 9. Postgonite, lateral view. 10. Sternite 5, ventral view. 11. Distiphallus, with arrow pointing to pointed projection of vesica, lateral view. Abbreviations: jp = juxta lateral plate; ls = lateral stylus; ve = vesica.

FIGURES 1–6. 1–2 in Peckia veropeso sp. nov., a flesh fly (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) from the Brazilian Amazon associated with riparian habitats

FIGURES 1–6. 1–2. Inundanted forest of Vila de Calafate. 1. Margin of forest. 2. Inside of forest. 3. Ver-o-Peso street market, with beached boats during the low tide. 4–6. Peckia (Peckia) veropeso sp. nov., holotype ♂. 4. Cerci, dorsal view. 5. Male terminalia, lateral view. 6. Habitus, lateral view.

FIGURE 1 in Stalked jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Staurozoa) of South Africa, with the description of Calvadosia lewisi sp. nov.

FIGURE 1. Calvadosia lewisi sp. nov., living specimens. A, B: Subumbrellar (oral) view of specimens in the field; C: Detail of manubrium, probably discharging undigested material; D: Subumbrellar and exumbrellar (basal) views; E: Subumbrellar (oral) view, indicating the perradial, interradial, and adradial regions; F: Individuals of different sizes. Abbreviations: am, arms; AR, adradial region; cl, calyx; gd, gonad; IR, interradial region; mc, manubrial corner; mn, manubrium; pa, pad-like adhesive structure; pam, paired arms; pd, pedal disk; pe, peduncle; PR, perradial region; tc, secondary tentacles; ws, white spots of nematocysts. Photo credit: Craig Foster (A–C); George Branch (D–F).

FIGURE 6 in Stalked jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Staurozoa) of South Africa, with the description of Calvadosia lewisi sp. nov.

FIGURE 6. Calvadosia corbini (Larson, 1980), preserved specimens (MZUSP 1564, A, C–G; MZUSP 1565, B, H, I). A–C: Subumbrellar views, with gonads and paired arms with cluster of secondary tentacle; D: Nodular erect gonads; E: Exumbrellar view, with pad-like adhesive structures on the tips of arms; F: Detail of subumbrellar margin; G–I: Detail of erect nodular lobes of gonads, with irregular shape, sometimes presenting multiple evaginations (indicated by black arrows). Abbreviations: am, arms; gd, gonad; mn, manubrium; mu, longitudinal muscle; nd, nodular lobes; pa, pad-like adhesive structure; pam, paired arms; tc, secondary tentacles; ws, white spots of nematocysts.

FIGURE 5 in Stalked jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Staurozoa) of South Africa, with the description of Calvadosia lewisi sp. nov.

FIGURE 5. Geographic distribution of South African stauromedusae. A: Global distribution of Calvadosia capensis (South Africa and Brazil); B: Global distribution of Depastromorpha africana (South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand)*; C: Local distribution of C. lewisi sp. nov. (endemic from South Africa); D: Local distribution of C. capensis; E: Local distribution of D. africana; F: Local distribution of L. stephensoni (endemic from South Africa). Based on Carlgren (1933, 1935, 1938); Zagal et al. (2011); Miranda et al. (2012b); and new records provided in this study. *Records of D. africana outside South Africa need confirmation of their identity (see text and Miranda et al. 2016b).

FIGURE 9. Depastromorpha africana Carlgren, 1935, living specimens. A–C in Stalked jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Staurozoa) of South Africa, with the description of Calvadosia lewisi sp. nov.

FIGURE 9. Depastromorpha africana Carlgren, 1935, living specimens. A–C: Exumbrellar views of specimens attached to Bicurcariopsis capensis (A, B) and to Caulerpa filiformis (C). Abbreviations: am, arms; an, anchors; cl, calyx; gd, gonad; isp, interradial septum; pd, pedal disk; pe, peduncle; tc, secondary tentacles. Photo credit: Charles Griffiths (A–C).

FIGURE 8 in Stalked jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Staurozoa) of South Africa, with the description of Calvadosia lewisi sp. nov.

FIGURE 8. Calvadosia capensis (Carlgren, 1938), preserved specimens. A: Exumbrellar view (modified from Carlgren 1938); B: Detail of an arm with secondary tentacles and a pad-like adhesive structure (modified from Carlgren 1938); C–E: Exumbrellar view (modified from Miranda et al. 2012b); F: Detail of paired arms, with secondary tentacles and pad-like adhesive structures (modified from Miranda et al. 2012b). Abbreviations: am, arms; cl, calyx; pa, pad-like adhesive structure; pd, pedal disk; pe, peduncle; tc, secondary tentacles.

FIGURE 7 in Stalked jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Staurozoa) of South Africa, with the description of Calvadosia lewisi sp. nov.

FIGURE 7. Calvadosia tasmaniensis (Zagal, Hirano, Mills, Edgar & Barrett, 2011), preserved specimens (USNM 1233739, A, D, E; USNM 1233740, B, C, F–L). A: General oral view; B, C: Detail of subumbrellar oral region with gonads and manubrium; D: Exumbrellar view, with pad-like adhesive structures on the tips of arms; E: Longitudinal muscle toward the arms; F: Detail of subumbrellar margin, with white spots of nematocysts; G–L: Detail of erect nodular lobes of gonads, with irregular shape, sometimes presenting multiple evaginations (indicated by black arrows). Abbreviations: am, arms; gd, gonad; mn, manubrium; mu, longitudinal muscle; nd, nodular lobes; pa, pad-like adhesive structure; tc, secondary tentacles; ws, white spots of nematocysts.

FIGURE 11. Lipkea stephensoni Carlgren, 1933 in Stalked jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Staurozoa) of South Africa, with the description of Calvadosia lewisi sp. nov.

FIGURE 11. Lipkea stephensoni Carlgren, 1933, living specimens in the field. A, B, D, F, G: Exumbrellar and subumbrellar views of different specimens; C: Detail of marginal lappet with rudimentary tentacles; E: Detail of marginal lappet without rudimentary tentacles. Abbreviations: cl, calyx; cm, coronal muscle; gd, gonad; isp, interradial septum; lp, marginal lappet; mn, manubrium; pe, peduncle; rt, rudimentary tentacles; ws, white spots of nematocysts. Photo credits: Georgina Jones (A–C); Geoff Spiby (D–F); Charles Griffiths (G; Iziko South African Museum MB-A083794).

FIGURE 10. Depastromorpha africana Carlgren, 1935 in Stalked jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Staurozoa) of South Africa, with the description of Calvadosia lewisi sp. nov.

FIGURE 10. Depastromorpha africana Carlgren, 1935, preserved specimens (MZUSP 3418, A, B, D, E; MZUSP 3419, C). A: Margin of exumbrella, with arms and anchors; B: Detail of anchors; C: Individual pad-like adhesive structures in the outermost secondary tentacles; D: White spots of nematocysts on subumbrella; E: Perradial gonads associated with white spots of nematocysts on subumbrella. Abbreviations: am, arms; an, anchors; gd, gonad; IR, interradial region; mn, manubrium; pa, padlike adhesive structure; PR, perradial region; tc, secondary tentacles; ws, white spots of nematocysts.

FIGURE 4 in Stalked jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Staurozoa) of South Africa, with the description of Calvadosia lewisi sp. nov.

FIGURE 4. Cnidome of Calvadosia lewisi sp. nov. (MZUSP 3415). A: Isorhiza of secondary tentacles; B: Eurytele of secondary tentacles; C: Rhopaloids of marginal white spots of nematocysts on subumbrella; D: Eurytele of nematocyst warts on exumbrella; E: Rhopaloids of white spots of nematocysts associated with gonads, on subumbrella.

FIGURE 3 in Stalked jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Staurozoa) of South Africa, with the description of Calvadosia lewisi sp. nov.

FIGURE 3. Gonads and white spots of nematocysts of Calvadosia lewisi sp. nov. (MZUSP 3415). A: Nodular curved lobes – curvature of individual lobes shown by dotted arrows; B: Margin of calyx, with white spots of nematocysts; C: Detail of marginal white spots of nematocysts; D: Organization of nodular curved lobes, which are tightly oppressed, giving the impression of two rows of nodular lobes instead of the actual one "zigzag" row; E: Nodular curved lobes facing interradii; F: Detail of nodular curved lobes, with regular shape. Abbreviations: gd, gonad; IR, interradial region; mn, manubrium; nd, nodular lobes; pam, paired arms; PR, perradial region; tc, secondary tentacles; ws, white spots of nematocysts.

FIGURE 2 in Stalked jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Staurozoa) of South Africa, with the description of Calvadosia lewisi sp. nov.

FIGURE 2. Calvadosia lewisi sp. nov., preserved specimens (MZUSP 3415, A–C, E–G, I; MZUSP 3416, D, H). A: General view of exumbrella; B: General view of subumbrella; C: Exumbrellar view of the peduncle/calyx connection region; D: Cross section of pedal disk, with four perradial chambers basally; E: Basal view of pedal disk, with a tiny central pore; F: Oral view, indicating manubrium and gonads; G: Interradial longitudinal muscles in calyx, dividing into two bands toward the arms; H: Interradial longitudinal muscles and coronal muscle; I: Detail of pad-like adhesive structures on the exumbrellar tips of arms; J: Subumbrellar tips of arms, with secondary tentacles. Abbreviations: am, arms; cl, calyx; cm, coronal muscle; cp, central pore; gd, gonad; int, interradial notch; IR, interradial region; mn, manubrium; mu, longitudinal muscle; pa, pad-like adhesive structure; pam, paired arms; pc, perradial chambers; pd, pedal disk; pe, peduncle; pnt, perradial notch; PR, perradial region; tc, secondary tentacles; ws, white spots of nematocysts.