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Figure 12 in Review of Pharaxonotha Reitter (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting the cycad genus Dioon Lindl. (Cycadales), with descriptions of nine new species and comments on P. kirschii Reitter

Figure 12. Pharaxonotha kirschii from Bexar County, Texas, USA. A–C) Male dorsal, lateral and ventral habitus. D–F) Male head, dorsal, lateral and ventral views. G) Tegmen attached to median lobe and genital capsule, ventral view. H) Tegmen attached to median lobe, lateral view. I) Parameres of tegmen, ventral view top and lateral view bottom. J) Spermatheca and retracted ovipositor, ventral view. K) Spermatheca (partially inflated).

Figure 3 in Review of Pharaxonotha Reitter (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting the cycad genus Dioon Lindl. (Cycadales), with descriptions of nine new species and comments on P. kirschii Reitter

Figure 3. Pharaxonotha bicolor (A–J from San Andres Pápalo, Oaxaca, Mexico; female allotype: A–D, F). A–C) Dorsal, lateral and ventral habitus. D–F) Head, dorsal, lateral and ventral views. G) Tegmen attached to median lobe, ventral view top and lateral view bottom. H) Parameres of tegmen, ventral view top and lateral view bottom. I) Male genital capsule. J) Spermatheca (partially collapsed) with retracted ovipositor, ventral view. K) Spermatheca (fully inflated) from Puebla, Mexico, near Teotitlán.

Figure 2. Pharaxonotha body parts. A–C in Review of Pharaxonotha Reitter (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting the cycad genus Dioon Lindl. (Cycadales), with descriptions of nine new species and comments on P. kirschii Reitter

Figure 2. Pharaxonotha body parts. A–C) Dorsal view of head. A) P. kirschii, Mpio. Jalpan, Querétaro, Mexico. Arrow points to temple. B) P. occidentalis, paratype, El Campanario, Chiapas, Mexico. C) P. vovidesi, paratype, Mt. Oscuro, Veracruz, Mexico.D) P. kirschii, abdominal ventrites, Mpio. Jalpan, Querétaro, Mexico. Arrow points to tooth on ventrite 5. E–F) Antennal clubs. E) P. kirschii, Santa Isabel, Chiapas, Mexico. F) P. sclerotiza, holotype. G) Spermatheca of Pharaxonotha fawcettae from Jalpan de Serra, Querétaro, Mexico indicating the diagnostic structures and orientations used in descriptions.

Figure 7 in Review of Pharaxonotha Reitter (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting the cycad genus Dioon Lindl. (Cycadales), with descriptions of nine new species and comments on P. kirschii Reitter

Figure 7. Pharaxonotha novoai from Cobo Corrientes, Jalisco, Mexico (A–I: male holotype; J–K: female allotype). A–C) Dorsal, lateral and ventral habitus. D–F) Head, dorsal, lateral and ventral views. G) Genital capsule attached to tegmen and median lobe, ventral view. H) Tegmen attached to median lobe, lateral view. I) Parameres of tegmen, ventral view top and lateral view bottom. J) Spermatheca with retracted ovipositor, ventral view. K)

Fig. 3 in Pyrgotid Flies Assigned To Apyrgota. I. New Species And Synonyms In Eupyrgota (S. Str.) (Diptera, Pyrgotidae), With The Description Of A New Subgenus

Fig. 3. Eupyrgota angustifrons, holotype ♀ (BMNH): 1 — habitus, left; 2 — labels; 3–5 — head (3 — left; 4 — anterior; 5 — dorsal); 6 — wing; 7 — mid femur and tibia, anterior; 8 — abdomen, left. Рис. 3. Eupyrgota angustifrons, голотип ♀ (BMNH): 1 — общий вид, слева; 2 — этикетки; 3–5 — голова (3 — слева; 4 — спереди; 5 — дорсально); 6 — крыло; 7 — среднее бедро и голень, спереди; 8 — брюшко, слева.

Fig. 6 in Pyrgotid Flies Assigned To Apyrgota. I. New Species And Synonyms In Eupyrgota (S. Str.) (Diptera, Pyrgotidae), With The Description Of A New Subgenus

Fig. 6. Eupyrgota nyambene, sp. n., holotype ♀ (NMKE): 1 — habitus, left; 2–5 — head (2 — anterior left; 3 — anterior; 4 — left; 5 — dorsal); 6 — fore femur, posterior view; 7 — mid femur, anterior; 8 — wing; 9 — abdomen, ventral. Рис. 6. Eupyrgota nyambene, sp. n., голотип ♀ (NMKE): 1 — общий вид, слева; 2–5 — голова (2 — спереди слева; 3 — спереди; 4 — слева; 5 — дорсально); 6 — переднее бедро, вид сзади; 7 — среднее бедро, спереди; 8 — крыло; 9 — брюшко, вентрально.

Fig. 2 in Pyrgotid Flies Assigned To Apyrgota. I. New Species And Synonyms In Eupyrgota (S. Str.) (Diptera, Pyrgotidae), With The Description Of A New Subgenus

Fig. 2. Eupyrgota alienata, holotype ♀ (BMNH) (1–2) and non-type ♀ (NHMB) (3–6): 1 — habitus, dorsal; 2 — labels; 3–4 — head (3 — left; 4 — anterior); 5 — wing; 6 — fore coxa. Рис. 2. Eupyrgota alienata, голотип ♀ (BMNH) (1–2) и нетиповая ♀ (NHMB) (3–6): 1 — общий вид, дорсально; 2 — этикетки; 3–4 — голова (3 — слева; 4 — спереди); 5 — крыло; 6 — передний тазик.

Fig. 8 in Pyrgotid Flies Assigned To Apyrgota. I. New Species And Synonyms In Eupyrgota (S. Str.) (Diptera, Pyrgotidae), With The Description Of A New Subgenus

Fig. 8. Eupyrgota flaviseta, holotype ♀ (1–6), paratypes ♀ (7–9) and} (10–14) (USNM): 1 — habitus, left; 2 — labels; 3–4 — head (3 — left; 4 — dorsal); 5 — fore femur and tibia, posterior view; 6 — mid femur, anterior view; 7 — epandrium, right; 8–9 — phallus glans, right and ventral; 10 — abdomen, dorsal; 11 — same, ventral, macerated in KOH; 12 — oviscape apex, ventrally; 13 — aculeus, ventral; 14 — spermathecae.

Fig. 5 in Pyrgotid Flies Assigned To Apyrgota. I. New Species And Synonyms In Eupyrgota (S. Str.) (Diptera, Pyrgotidae), With The Description Of A New Subgenus

Fig. 5. Eupyrgota brahma, holotype ♀ Adapsilia brahma (BMNH) (1–2) and holotype ♀ Adapsilia nocturna (BMNH) (3–9): 1, 3 — habitus, dorsal; 5 — same, left; 2, 4 — labels; 6–7 — head (3 — anterior left view; 4 — dorsal); 8 — wing; 9 — abdomen, dorsally. Рис. 5. Eupyrgota brahma, голотип ♀ Adapsilia brahma (BMNH) (1–2) и голотип ♀ Adapsilia nocturna (BMNH) (3–9): 1, 3 — общий вид, дорсально; 5 — same, слева; 2, 4 — этикетки; 6–7 — голова (3 — спереди слева view; 4 — дорсально); 8 — крыло; 9 — брюшко, дорсально.

Fig. 1 in Pyrgotid Flies Assigned To Apyrgota. I. New Species And Synonyms In Eupyrgota (S. Str.) (Diptera, Pyrgotidae), With The Description Of A New Subgenus

Fig. 1. Eupyrgota aequalis, holotype ♀ (BMNH): 1 — habitus, dorsal; 2 — labels; 3–4 — head (3 — left; 4 — anterior); 5 — fore coxa; 6 — mid femur; 7 — apex of oviscape. Рис. 1. Eupyrgota aequalis, голотип ♀ (BMNH): 1 — общий вид, дорсально; 2 — этикетки; 3–4 — голова (3 — слева; 4 — спереди); 5 — передний тазик; 6 — среднее бедро; 7 — вершина основного членика яйцеклада.

Fig. 7 in Pyrgotid Flies Assigned To Apyrgota. I. New Species And Synonyms In Eupyrgota (S. Str.) (Diptera, Pyrgotidae), With The Description Of A New Subgenus

Fig. 7. Eupyrgota vespiformis, ♀ (NMKE): 1 — habitus, left; 2–4 — head (2 — anterior left; 3 — left anterior; 4 — dorsal); 5 — wing; 6–7 — abdomen (6 — left; 7— dorsal).

Fig. 4 in Pyrgotid Flies Assigned To Apyrgota. I. New Species And Synonyms In Eupyrgota (S. Str.) (Diptera, Pyrgotidae), With The Description Of A New Subgenus

Fig. 4. Eupyrgota armipes, holotype ♀ (BMNH): 1 — habitus, left; 2 — labels; 3–5 — head (3 — left; 4 — anterior; 5 — dorsal); 6 — fore femur and tibia, posterior view; 7 — mid femur, anterior view; 8 — fore trochanter; 9 — mid trochanter; 10 — wing; 11 — mesonotum and abdomen, dorsally; 12 — abdomen, posterior.

Fig. 18 in High alpine sorcerers: revision of the cave wētā genus Pharmacus Pictet & de Saussure (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae: Macropathinae), with the description of six new species and three new subspecies

Fig. 18. Map of South Island, New Zealand, showing the known distribution of cave wētā in the genus Pharmacus Pictet & de Saussure, 1893. A–B. Solid shapes indicate material collected as part of this study; empty circles indicate additional locations of material examined by Richards (1972). B. Shapes represent different subspecies: dark blue circle = Pharmacus cochleatus cochleatus; light blue circle = Pharmacus cochleatus nauclerus subsp. nov.; diamond = Pharmacus cochleatus fiordensis subsp. nov.; triangle = Pharmacus cochleatus rawhiti subsp. nov.

Fig. 17 in High alpine sorcerers: revision of the cave wētā genus Pharmacus Pictet & de Saussure (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae: Macropathinae), with the description of six new species and three new subspecies

Fig. 17. Habitat of Pharmacus Pictet & de Saussure, 1893. A. Mount Dick, Eyre Mountains. a. Rock bluffs at 1550 m a.s.l., collection locality of Pharmacus concinnus sp. nov. (MPN CW4472–4475, CW4501–4504, CW4592, CW4593). B. Dunstan, Dunstan Mountains. b. Rock tors at 1670 m a.s.l. collection locality of P. senex sp. nov. (MPN CW4381–4385, CW4402–4405, CW4506–4509). C. Spence Peak, Takitimu Mountains. c. North ridge, 1450 m a.s.l., collection locality of P. perfidus sp. nov. (NMNZ AI.052300, AI.052301; MPN CW4487, CW4489, CW4490, CW4494–4496, CW4498, CW4499, CW4553–4555). D. Skippers Range High Point, South Westland. d–e. Scree and rock bluffs around lake, 1600 m a.s.l., collection locality of P. cochleatus nauclerus subsp. nov. (NMNZ AI.052289, MPN CW4363) and of P. cristatus sp. nov. (NMNZ AI.052292, AI.052293; MPN CW4365, CW4376, CW4484, CW4485, CW4562).

Fig. 16 in High alpine sorcerers: revision of the cave wētā genus Pharmacus Pictet & de Saussure (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae: Macropathinae), with the description of six new species and three new subspecies

Fig. 16. Habitat of Pharmacus Pictet & de Saussure, 1893. A. Sealy Range, Mount Cook. a–b. Collection localities of Pharmacus montanus Pictet & de Saussure, 1893. a. Mueller Hut Track, 1500 m a.s.l. (MPN CW3299, CW3300, CW3532–3535). b. Mount Annette, 2200 m a.s.l. (MPN CW3302, CW3303, CW3323). c. Mount Edgar Thomson, Ben Ohau Range, 2350 m a.s.l., collection locality of P. cochleatus cochleatus (Karny, 1935) comb. nov. (MPN CW3278). B. Lochnagar, Richardson Mountains. d. Rock bluffs at 2080 m a.s.l., collection locality of P. cochleatus cochleatus (Karny, 1935) comb. nov. (MPN CW4590). C. Matukituki River West Branch. e–f. Collection localities of P. vallestris sp. nov. e. Valley floor, dry creek bed at 1000 m a.s.l. (MPN CW3430, CW3700). f. French Ridge, 1650 m a.s.l. (MPN CW5145, CW5146, CW5213–5215). g–h. Collection localities of P. cochleatus cochleatus (Karny, 1935) comb. nov. g. French Ridge, 1800 m a.s.l. (MPN CW5207, CW5208). h. Bevan Col, 1850 m a.s.l. (OMNZ IV7927 and MPN CW5178 to 5180). D. The Remarkables, Queenstown. i–j. Collection localities of Pharmacus notabilis sp. nov. i. Remarkables Ski-field Access Road, 1220 m a.s.l. (NMNZ AI.052296). j. The Remarkables North ridge, 1600 m a.s.l. (MPN CW2588 – 2594). k. Lake Alta, 1820 m a.s.l., collection locality of Pharmacus cochleatus rawhiti subsp. nov. (MPN CW5219 – 5221).

Fig. 13 in High alpine sorcerers: revision of the cave wētā genus Pharmacus Pictet & de Saussure (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae: Macropathinae), with the description of six new species and three new subspecies

Fig. 13. Adult female terminalia of cave wētā in the genus Pharmacus Pictet & de Saussure, 1893. Left column: subgenital plate; central and right columns: ovipositor. A–C. Pharmacus senex sp. nov., Old Woman Range (NMNZ AI.052295). D–F. Pharmacus concinnus sp. nov., Symmetry Peaks, Eyre Mountains (NMNZ AI.052299). G–I. Pharmacus perfidus sp. nov., Spence Peak, Takitimu Mountains (NMNZ AI.052301). J–L. Pharmacus vallestris sp. nov., Matukituki River West Branch (NMNZ AI.052303). Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 15 in High alpine sorcerers: revision of the cave wētā genus Pharmacus Pictet & de Saussure (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae: Macropathinae), with the description of six new species and three new subspecies

Fig. 15. Live Pharmacus Pictet & de Saussure, 1893 in their natural environments. A–B. Pharmacus senex sp. nov. A. Adult ♂, Dunstan, Dunstan Mountains, 1670 m a.s.l. B. Adult ♂ and ♀. The Obelisk, Old Man Range, 1680 m a.s.l. C. Pharmacus notabilis sp. nov. Adult ♂, Remarkables Ski-field Access Road, Wakatipu, 1200 m a.s.l. D. Pharmacus concinnus sp. nov. Adult ♂, Symmetry Peaks, Eyre Mountains, 1500 m a.s.l. E. Pharmacus perfidus sp. nov. Adult ♀ and ♂, Spence Peak, Takitimu Mountains, 1450 m a.s.l. F. Pharmacus vallestris sp. nov. Adult ♀, French Ridge, Matukituki River West Branch, 1700 m a.s.l. (MPN CW5145).

Fig. 14 in High alpine sorcerers: revision of the cave wētā genus Pharmacus Pictet & de Saussure (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae: Macropathinae), with the description of six new species and three new subspecies

Fig. 14. Live Pharmacus Pictet & de Saussure, 1893 in their natural environments. A–B. Pharmacus montanus Pictet & de Saussure, 1893.A. Adult ♂, with dark coloration typical of high elevation specimens. Mt Annette, Sealy Range, Mt Cook, 2200 m a.s.l. (MPN CW3302). B. Adult ♂, with coloration typical of low elevation specimens. Mueller Hut Track, Sealy Range, Mt Cook, 1500 m a.s.l. C–D. Pharmacus cochleatus cochleatus (Karny, 1935) comb. nov. C. Adult ♀, with yellow / black chequered coloration that is most typical for the species, parasitized by red mites (Order Trombidiformes). Luna Basin, Major Peak, Wakatipu, 1470 m a.s.l. D. Adult ♂, with dark coloration typical of high elevation specimens. Mt Edgar Thomson, Ben Ōhau Range, 2350 m a.s.l. (MPN CW3278). E. Pharmacus cochleatus rawhiti subsp. nov. Adult ♂, Blue Lake Creek, Garvie Mountains, 1280 m a.s.l. F. Pharmacus cristatus sp. nov. Adult ♀, Skippers Range High Point, South Westland, 1520 m a.s.l.

Fig. 3 in High alpine sorcerers: revision of the cave wētā genus Pharmacus Pictet & de Saussure (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae: Macropathinae), with the description of six new species and three new subspecies

Fig. 3. Pharmacus montanus Pictet & de Saussure, 1893. Adult ♂. A–B. Lateral view of terminalia. A. Original drawing by Pictet & de Saussure (1893): Holotype, Mt Cook (MHNG ARTO-24289). B. Mt Annette, Sealy Range, Mt Cook (MPN CW3302). C–E. Dorsal view of terminalia. C. Original drawing by Pictet & de Saussure (1893): holotype, Mt Cook (MHNG ARTO-24289). D. Original drawing by Richards (1972), from unspecified material. E. Mt Annette, Sealy Range, Mt Cook (MPN CW3302). F–G. Detail of ventral spines at apex of left hind tibia. F. Mt Annette, Sealy Range, Mt Cook (MPN CW3302), with two sub-apical spines on inner edge and one on the outer edge as per the species' original description. G. Lake Anna, Mt Franklin, Arthur's Pass (MPN CW3989), with one sub-apical spine on both inner and outer edges, a configuration typical of all Pharmacus Pictet & de Saussure, 1893. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 7 in High alpine sorcerers: revision of the cave wētā genus Pharmacus Pictet & de Saussure (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae: Macropathinae), with the description of six new species and three new subspecies

Fig. 7. Head of Pharmacus montanus Pictet & de Saussure, 1893, Lake Anna, Mt Franklin, Arthur's Pass. A–B. Adult ♂ (MPN CW3989) C–D. Adult ♀ (MPN CW3988). Scale bar = 2 mm.