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Figure 1 in Intraspecific versus interspecific variation in Miocene Great Basin mylagaulids: implications for systematics and evolutionary history

Figure 1. Map of the area considered in this study with the localities and North American Land Mammal Ages.

Figure 12 in Intraspecific versus interspecific variation in Miocene Great Basin mylagaulids: implications for systematics and evolutionary history

Figure 12. Occlusal morphology of the fourth premolars of Hesperogaulus wilsoni. Numbers refer to wear stages described in the text. Anterior is to the left of the figure. A, UOMNH F-10347, left p4 (mirrored); B, UOMNH F-10348, right p4; C, UOMNH F-10349, right P4. Scale bar = 1 cm.

Figure 9 in Intraspecific versus interspecific variation in Miocene Great Basin mylagaulids: implications for systematics and evolutionary history

Figure 9. Cranial morphology of the type specimen of Hesperogaulus shotwelli, UCMP 320004, from RV-8000. A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, lateral view. Scale bar = 1 cm.

Figure 4 in Intraspecific versus interspecific variation in Miocene Great Basin mylagaulids: implications for systematics and evolutionary history

Figure 4. Occlusal morphology of the fourth premolars of Alphagaulus vetus. Numbers refer to wear stages described in the text, and d to deciduous. Anterior is to the left of the figure. A, UCMP 318367 left deciduous p4 (mirrored); B, UCMP 11540, left p4 (mirrored); C, UCMP 61709, left p4 (mirrored); D, UCMP 316434, left p4 (mirrored); E, UCMP 316431, left p4 (mirrored); F, UCMP 11843, left p4 (mirrored); G, UCMP 315432, left p4 (mirrored); H, UCMP 316435, right p4; I, UCMP 316436, right p4; J, UCMP 316433, left p4 (mirrored); K, UCMP 11684, left p4 (mirrored); L, UCMP 315686, right p4; M, UCMP 316010, right p4; N, UCMP 316437, right deciduous P4; O, UCMP 316008, left P4 (mirrored); P, UCMP 315684, right P4; Q, UCMP 130244, left P4 (mirrored); R, UCMP 152495, left P4 (mirrored); S, UCMP 130240, right P4; T, UCMP 130247, right P4; U, UCMP 319237, right P4; V, UCMP 315431, left P4 (mirrored); W, UCMP 316007, right P4. Scale bar = 1 cm.

Figure 3 in Intraspecific versus interspecific variation in Miocene Great Basin mylagaulids: implications for systematics and evolutionary history

Figure 3. Summary of the dental morphology of mylagaulids (redrafted and modified from Hopkins, 2008). A, P4 of Alphagaulus vetus; B, p4 of Al. vetus.

Figure 7 in Intraspecific versus interspecific variation in Miocene Great Basin mylagaulids: implications for systematics and evolutionary history

Figure 7. Occlusal morphology of the fourth premolars of Hesperogaulus gazini. Numbers refer to wear stages described in the text. Anterior is to the left of the figure. A, CIT 521, left p4 (mirrored); B, CIT 525, right P4; C, JODA 3308, left P4 (mirrored); D, CIT 527, right P4; E, CIT 524, right P4. Scale bar = 1 cm.

Figure 8 in Intraspecific versus interspecific variation in Miocene Great Basin mylagaulids: implications for systematics and evolutionary history

Figure 8. Cranial morphology of Hesperogaulus gazini from the Mascall Formation (JODA 3308). A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, lateral view. Scale bar = 1 cm.

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Response of Avian communities to edges of tropical montane forests: Implications for the future of endemic habitat specialists

<p>Tropical montane landscapes harbor diverse flora and fauna, and many species there are ecological specialists with narrow elevational distributions, limited geographic ranges, and small global populations. Along elevational gradients, environmental conditions and community composition change dramatically over small spatial scales. As forests are disturbed and edges formed with modified habitat, natural communities could be affected differently across elevations by the many physical and biotic changes at edges. We asked whether forest edges produced altered patterns of avian species composition along a cloud forest - dry forest gradient on the Pacific slope of the Tilarán mountains in Monteverde, Costa Rica. A strong moisture gradient produces cloud forests near the ridgetops, with a concentration of species endemic to the Costa Rica – Panama highlands that are habitat specialists. We conducted 552 point counts across 110 locations from 1100 to 1800 m elevation, yielding 6586 detections of 115 species in 10 km<sup>2</sup> of montane forest. We analyzed differences in species composition and single-species abundances between interior and near-edge forest habitats for species grouped by geographic range size. Species composition changed markedly from forest edge to interior in cloud forest habitats, but not in drier forests downslope. Endemic species, especially in cloud forest, were detected less frequently in mature forest near edges than in mature forest interior, and this difference was more pronounced than for cosmopolitan species. On tropical mountainsides, we can expect habitat-specialist endemic species to be more sensitive to further habitat modification. This sensitivity could limit the resilience of tropical bird communities.</p>

FIGURE 5 in Taxonomic implications of seed morphology and storage proteins in three tribes of the subfamily Papilionoideae (Fabaceae) in Egypt

FIGURE 5. UPGMA dendrogram illustrating the average taxonomic distance among the studied Egyptian species based on seed macro- and micro-morphological characters and protein patterns.

FIGURE 7 in Taxonomic implications of seed morphology and storage proteins in three tribes of the subfamily Papilionoideae (Fabaceae) in Egypt

FIGURE 7. Scatter plot of the first and the third principal components based on 47 morphological seed traits and 24 variable protein bands.

FIGURE 6 in Taxonomic implications of seed morphology and storage proteins in three tribes of the subfamily Papilionoideae (Fabaceae) in Egypt

FIGURE 6. Scatter plot of the first two principal components based on 47 morphological seed traits and 24 variable protein bands.

FIGURE 8 in Taxonomic implications of seed morphology and storage proteins in three tribes of the subfamily Papilionoideae (Fabaceae) in Egypt

FIGURE 8. Scatter plot of the second and the third principal components based on 47 morphological seed traits and 24 variable protein bands.

FIGURE 4 in Taxonomic implications of seed morphology and storage proteins in three tribes of the subfamily Papilionoideae (Fabaceae) in Egypt

FIGURE 4. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showing various protein bands. (A) Seed protein banding pattern of nine papilionoid species studied. M: marker; 1: Anagyris foetida; 2: Crotalaria aegyptiaca; 3: Crotalaria microphylla; 4: Crotalaria senegalensis; 5: Lotononis platycarpa; 6: Argyrolobium uniflorum; 7: Argyrolobium arabicum; 8: Retama raetam; 9: Retama monosperma. (B) Seed protein banding pattern of the three Lupinus species studied. M: marker; 1: Lupinus angustifolius; 2: Lupinus digitatus; 3: Lupinus albus.

FIGURE 2 in Taxonomic implications of seed morphology and storage proteins in three tribes of the subfamily Papilionoideae (Fabaceae) in Egypt

FIGURE 2. SEM micrographs of testa sculpturing: a, Anagyris foetida; b, Crotalaria aegyptiaca; c, Crotalaria microphylla; d, Crotalaria senegalensis; e, Lupinus angustifolius; f, Lupinus digitatus; g, Lupinus albus; h, Lotononis platycarpa; i, Argyrolobium arabicum; j, Argyrolobium uniflorum; k, Retama raetam; l, Retama monosperma. Scale bars as indicated on each image.

FIGURE 1 in Taxonomic implications of seed morphology and storage proteins in three tribes of the subfamily Papilionoideae (Fabaceae) in Egypt

FIGURE 1. Light microscopy micrographs of seed shape in outline. a, Anagyris foetida; b, Crotalaria aegyptiaca; c, Crotalaria microphylla; d, Crotalaria senegalensis; e, Lupinus angustifolius; f, Lupinus digitatus; g, Lupinus albus; h, Lotononis platycarpa; i, Argyrolobium arabicum; j, Argyrolobium uniflorum; k, Retama raetam; l, Retama monosperma. Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURE 3 in Taxonomic implications of seed morphology and storage proteins in three tribes of the subfamily Papilionoideae (Fabaceae) in Egypt

FIGURE 3. SEM micrographs of hilum: a, Anagyris foetida; b, Crotalaria aegyptiaca; c, Crotalaria microphylla; d, Crotalaria senegalensis; e, Lupinus angustifolius; f, Lupinus digitatus; g, Lupinus albus; h, Lotononis platycarpa; i, Argyrolobium arabicum; j, Argyrolobium uniflorum; k, Retama raetam; l, Retama monosperma. Scale bars as indicated on each image.

Figure 24 in A new basal ornithopod dinosaur (Frenchman Formation, Saskatchewan, Canada), and implications for late Maastrichtian ornithischian diversity in North America

Figure 24. Time-correlated phylogeny for basal ornithopod taxa illustrating relative abundance through time. Note the Maastrichtian radiation of Thescelosaurus in North America and Zalmoxes in Europe. The iguanodontian radiation is represented as a single line because of size constraints. Al, Albian; Ap, Aptian; Ba, Barremian; Be, Berriasian; Ca, Campanian; Ce, Cenomanian; Co, Coniacian; H, Hauterivian; LJ, Late Jurassic; M, Maastrichtian; MJ, Middle Jurassic; S, Santonian; T, Turonian; V, Valanginian. Modified from Weishampel et al., 2003.

Figure 23 in A new basal ornithopod dinosaur (Frenchman Formation, Saskatchewan, Canada), and implications for late Maastrichtian ornithischian diversity in North America

Figure 23. The single most-parsimonious tree (tree length 361 steps) recovered from the cladistic analysis using the implicit enumeration search option in TNT. Bootstap values (1000 replicates) above 50% are reported below the branches, and Bremer support values greater than 1 are reported above.

Figure 22 in A new basal ornithopod dinosaur (Frenchman Formation, Saskatchewan, Canada), and implications for late Maastrichtian ornithischian diversity in North America

Figure 22. Left pes of the holotype of Thescelosaurus assiniboiensis sp. nov., RSM P 1225.1, in dorsal (A), plantar (B), and proximal (C) views. Dashed lines indicate the extrapolated margins of the pes. See list in text for an explanation of anatomical abbreviations. Hatched areas represent incomplete bone surface. White areas represent plaster reconstruction. Roman numerals denote digit number.

Figure 21 in A new basal ornithopod dinosaur (Frenchman Formation, Saskatchewan, Canada), and implications for late Maastrichtian ornithischian diversity in North America

Figure 21. Left tibia, fibula, astragalus calcaneum, and distal lateral tarsal of the holotype of Thescelosaurus assiniboiensis sp. nov., RSM P 1225.1, in anterior (A), posterior (B), medial (C), lateral (D), proximal (E), and distal (F) views. See list in text for an explanation of anatomical abbreviations. Primes indicate illustrations of photographed elements. Hatched areas represent incomplete bone surface. White areas represent plaster reconstruction.