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15,542 results for “How long”
long-distance-recreational-travel-survey
<p>This is a release of the questionnaire used in the "Long-distance recreational travel experience and choice of autonomous vehicles" research study. This questionnaire was recruited to the US national park visitors in the Summer of 2020 via Qualtrics.</p>
Complementary water and nutrient utilization of perianth structural units help maintain long floral lifespan in Dendrobium
<p><span>Most orchids have high ornamental value with long-lived flower. However, the mechanisms by which orchids maintain floral longevity are poorly understood. Here, we hypothesized that long floral longevity in Dendrobium is maintained by high resource investment and complementary water and nutrient utilization in different structural units of the perianth. To test this hypothesis, we determined which water- and nutrient-related traits are correlated with flower longevity in twenty-three Dendrobium species or cultivars and examined the variations of the related traits during flower development of one long-lived cultivar. We found that floral longevity was correlated with dry mas per unit area of perianths and total flower biomass, which indicates that maintaining long floral longevity requires increased resource investment. During development of long-lived flowers, labella showed high capacity for water storage and nutrient reutilization, which can partly remedy high water demand and biomass investment. Sepals and petals, in contrast, had stronger desiccation avoidance and higher metabolic activity with lower biomass investment. These findings indicate that Dendrobium flowers maintain longevity by complementary water and utilization strategies in the sepals, petals and labella, with labella consuming more water and nutrients to extend flower display, while sepals and petals use a more conservative strategy.</span></p>
Replication package for "Long Run Effects of Aid: Forecasts and Evidence from Sierra Leone"
<p>Replication package for "Long Run Effects of Aid: Forecasts and Evidence from Sierra Leone" by K.Casey, R. Glennerster, E. Miguel and M. Voors, in the Economic Journal 2022</p>
Capturing long-tailed individual tree diversity using an airborne multi-temporal hierarchical model
<p>This dataset contains the hyperspectral images and train-test split from the article. </p> <p> </p> <p>The corresponding comet ML experiment is:</p> <p><a href="https://www.comet.com/bw4sz/deeptreeattention2/209ca047ed004d778c0f0e728e126bda?experiment-tab=chart&showOutliers=true&smoothing=0&transformY=smoothing&viewId=VWzVg9fkZDMidwu9VOZi2weM9&xAxis=epoch">CometML</a></p> <p>To protect ongoing scientific activities in the area, the geospatial position of the crops have been omitted. Please contact ForestGEO for data requests. </p> <p><a href="http://ForestGEO">https://forestgeo.si.edu/</a></p> <p>For the corresponding git repo please see: </p> <p>Contents:</p> <p>train.csv: The image crops used for model training. The image_path corresponds to the relative path to the image file in the directory.</p> <p>test.csv: The image crops used for model evaluation.</p> <p>*.tif images: A 369 band hyperspectral image using the NEON surface reflectance data cropped by the tree crown.</p> <p>The original HSI data: https://data.neonscience.org/data-products/DP3.30006.001. The location of the crown was predicted using the RGB data product and the deepforest model: https://deepforest.readthedocs.io/. </p> <p>The taxonID abbreviations follow NEON's taxonomy: https://data.neonscience.org/taxonomic-lists</p> <p>OSBS.shp: Shapefile with ensemble predictions for the full Ordway Swisher Biological Station. The ensemblaTa column is the predicted taxonID for each crown. The ens_score is the confidence prediction for that crown. The CHM_height is the extracted raster value from NEON's ecosystem structure canopy height model.</p>
Data related to "Long-range skin Josephson supercurrent across a van der Waals ferromagnet"
<p>Data sets of the figures in the publication "Long-range skin Josephson supercurrent across a van der Waals ferromagnet" and related supplementary information.</p>
Long-term snow chemical composition monitoring - Ariebreen glacier (Hornsund) - raw data
<p>Since 2020, snow samples have been taken from the Ariebreen glacier several times a season during the accumulation season. The snow samples are collected in polyethylene sterile bags and transported to the Polish Polar Station Hornsund. After melting at room temperature, they are analysed in the chemical laboratory of the Polish Polar Station for pH, conductivity and chemical composition (major ions).<br> <br> Site Information Ariebreen - 0.5 km long glacier between Skoddefjellet and the northern part of Ariekammen, southernmost in Wedel Jarlsberg Land.</p> <p>Presented data from 2020 to 2022</p> <p>The data has not been checked, which means that it is raw data.</p> <p>Principal investigator (PI) Adam Nawrot</p>
Observations of Autumnal Cooling in a Large Estuary: The Glider Data from Long Island Sound in 2014
<p>This data file is a component of the data used in a paper to appear in the Journal of Geophysical Research in 2023 entitled "Observations of Autumnal Cooling in a Large Estuary" by Amin Ilia, Grant McCardell, Kay Howard-Strobel, and James O'Donnell. The data file contains the measurements from a Slocum Glider (V1) from Webb Research used in the paper. The data is in a MATLAB binary (.mat) file as a structure variable with a field MetaData containing some notes, and data in <br> SampleTimeEST- the date and time of the sample (EST) in MATLAB's datenum() format<br> Pressure_dBar - the pressure (or equivalently depth in m) that the sample was acquired <br> Temperature_C - the water temperature in Celcius<br> PracticalSalinty - the practical salinity<br> LatitudeDeg- the latitude of the sampling location (deg)<br> LongitudeDeg - the longitude of the sampling location (deg east)</p> <p>The paper's abstract is: </p> <p>Seasonal variations in solar insolation and wind create an annual water temperature cycle that impacts circulation and biological processes. The waters of Long Island Sound (LIS) warm from March-February until August-October and then begin to cool. Ship surveys show that the vertical temperature structure becomes almost uniform during this season when the area experiences low air temperatures and high winds. However, no observations have resolved the temporal evolution of the vertical structure of temperature during these cooling periods because conditions inhibit ship operations. We report glider measurements of the vertical structure of water temperatures and salinities from October 22 to November 4, 2014, in eastern LIS. We find that 20m of water can cool at approximately 0.5 C/day during intervals of cold air and strong winds. We use the data to estimate heat content tendencies and infer surface fluxes. We also estimate the surface heat fluxes using buoy-mounted instruments and show they are consistent. The net heat flux to the atmosphere exceeds 600 W/m<sup>2</sup> during the gilder deployment and approximately 66% of this is due to latent heat transfer. Using the buoy fluxes and products of an operation regional model, we show that the agreement with the fluxes derived from heat budget is improved by using local wind observations. In addition to confirming the extremely large cooling rates, our results demonstrate that gliders can be used in a complex region with strong tidal currents to resolve the temperature structure and heat budget during the severe weather of the cooling season.</p> <p> </p>
Vegetation resistance and resilience to a decade-long dry period in the temperate grasslands in China
<p>The duration of climate anomalies has been increasing across the globe, leading to ecosystem function loss. Thus, we need to understand the responses of the ecosystem to long-term climate anomalies. It remains unclear how ecosystem resistance and resilience respond to long-term climate anomalies, e.g., continuous dry years at a regional scale. Taking the opportunity of a 13-year dry period in the temperate grasslands in northern China, we quantified the resistance and resilience of the grassland in response to this periodic dry period. We found vegetation resistance to the dry period increased with mean annual precipitation (MAP), while resilience increased at first until at MAP of 250 mm and then decreased slightly. No trade-off between resistance and resilience was detected when MAP < 250 mm. Our results highlight that xeric ecosystems are most vulnerable to the long-term dry period. Given expected increases in drought severity and duration in the coming decades, our findings may be helpful to identify vulnerable ecosystems in the world for the purpose of adaptation.</p>
Hygro-thermo-mechanical model for concrete pavement from an early age to a long-term performance
<p>A new 3D hygro-thermo-mechanical model for a concrete pavement slab is formulated, capturing its behavior from casting to long-term drying. The model includes a microprestress-solidification viscoelastic model for concrete ageing creep. Calibrations and validations are based on lab experiments and a four year continuous monitoring of a real highway slab. The results show that slab drying leads to the highest principal tensile stress on the surface as high as 3.5 MPa. Simulated temperature cycles and traffic loading yield smaller stresses. In this regard, concrete crack resistance during drying should be considered in material and structural design.</p>
Victorian Water and Climate dataset: long-term streamflow, climate, and vegetation observation records and catchment attributes
<p>This dataset contains streamflow, climate, and vegetation data for 155 minimally impaired catchments in Victoria, Australia. </p> <p>What's included:</p> <p>- Streamflow long-term observation records in daily, monthly, and hydroannual (based on March to February water year) resolution</p> <p>- Catchment climate characteristics in daily, monthly, and hydroannual resolution</p> <p>- Catchment vegetation characteristics in monthly resolution and actual evapotranspiration estimate in monthly and hydroannual resolution</p> <p>- Catchment boundaries</p> <p>- Catchment attributes (topographic, geological, soil, groundwater, vegetation, and human impacts characteristics)</p> <p>- Hydroclimatic characteristics for 3 different periods.</p> <p>Precipitation (p), streamflow (q), and PET (pet) data and their derivatives are in mm (i.e. normalised by catchment area). </p> <p>A paper containing a detailed description of the data including units, data sources, and processing details is submitted, please contact Margarita Saft for a private copy of the draft.</p>
The climatic drivers of long-term population changes in rainforest montane birds
<p>Climate-driven biodiversity erosion is escalating at an alarming rate. The pressure imposed by climate change is exceptionally high in tropical ecosystems, where species adapted to narrow environmental ranges exhibit strong physiological constraints. Despite the observed detrimental effect of climate change on ecosystems at a global scale, our understanding of the extent to which multiple climatic drivers affect population dynamics is limited. Here, we disentangle the impact of different climatic stressors on 47 rainforest birds inhabiting the mountains of the Australian Wet Tropics using hierarchical population models. We estimate the effect of spatiotemporal changes in temperature, precipitation, heatwaves, droughts, and cyclones on the population dynamics of rainforest birds between 2000–2016. We find a strong effect of warming and changes in rainfall patterns across the elevational-segregated bird communities, with lowland populations benefiting from increasing temperature and precipitation, while upland species show an inverse strong negative response to the same drivers. Additionally, we find a negative effect of heatwaves on lowland populations, a pattern associated with the observed distribution of these extreme events across elevations. In contrast, cyclones and droughts have a marginal effect on spatiotemporal changes in rainforest bird communities, suggesting a species-specific response unrelated to the elevational gradient. This study demonstrated the importance of unravelling the drivers of climate change impacts on population changes, providing significant insight into the mechanisms accelerating climate-induced biodiversity degradation.</p>
(11)-Strobl2023A-DS0001--0010 – Ten Tribolium castaneum long-term live imaging datasets of embryonic development acquired with light sheet fluorescence microscopy
<p>(11)-Strobl2023A-DS0001--0010 – Ten <em>Tribolium castaneum</em> long-term live imaging datasets of embryonic development acquired with light sheet fluorescence microscopy</p>
FIGURES 1–6. 1. Andreimyrme long Lelej, 1995 in Review of the tribe Smicromyrmini Bischoff, 1920 (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae)
FIGURES 1–6. 1. Andreimyrme long Lelej, 1995, ♁, holotype, lateral habitus; 2–3. A. rong Williams in Okayasu et al., 2021, ♀, holotype, habitus (2. Dorsal view, 3. Lateral view); 4a, 4b. Antennotilla phoebe (Péringuey, 1899), ♁: (4a. Lateral view, 4b. Dorsal view); 5–6. Corytilla pallidipes Arnold, 1956, ♁ (5. Head, lateral view, 6. Lateral habitus). (Photographs by V. Loktionov (1), D. Brothers (4b), and K. Williams (2, 3, 4a, 5, 6)).
Long-read transcriptome data (Iso-Seq) of the human and mouse brain
<p>Datasets from "<strong>Full-length transcript sequencing of human and mouse cerebral cortex identifies widespread isoform diversity and alternative splicing</strong>", SK.Leung, A.Jeffries. et al. (2021)</p> <p>Deposited files are generated from running Cupcake, SQANTI2 (v7.4) and filter. <br> Note, only the files generated from SQANTI2 filtering are deposited. <br> To re-run SQANTI, use the files in cupcake_collapse folder as input. </p> <p>Please refer to code (https://github.com/SziKayLeung/Whole_Transcriptome_Paper) for more information. </p> <p>Datasets: <br> - AdultCTX: Adult human prefrontal cortex tissue (n = 4) merged dataset<br> - FetalCTX: Fetal human prefrontal cortex tissue (n = 3) merged dataset<br> - FetalHIP: Fetal human hippocampus tissue (n = 2, subset of FetalCTX) merged dataset<br> - FetalSTR: Fetal human striatum tissue (n = 2, subset of FetalCTX) merged dataset<br> - MouseCTX: Mouse entorhinal cortex tissue (n = 12) merged dataset</p>
FIGURE 1 in A note on the specimens of Kittonia hannae 'hannai' (Bacillariophyta) figured in Long et al. (1946)
FIGURE 1, photograph of the Herbert Potter slide with the specimen of Kittonia hannae used for the illustration in Long et al. 1946: pl. 19, fig. 6; FIGURE 2, reproduction of Long et al. 1946: pl. 19, fig. 6; FIGURE 3, the specimen of Kittonia hannae used for the illustration in Long et al. 1946: pl. 19, fig. 6 from the Herbert Potter slide (image made with Olympus ax70 and 60x/1.42 in green light with Baader SolarspectrUm filter and DIC, Differential Interference Contrast stacked with Helicon FocUs, 142 levels/photos (scale bar = 100μm); FIGURE 4, photograph of the Hendey index card for Kittonia hannae, source of specimen unknown; specimen's name on the reverse of the card); Figures 5–7, three specimens on BM 90920, "Moreno | California | U.S.A. | Cretaceous", mounter Steve Russell, (scale bar = 20μm).
FIGURE 7 in Mangrovomyia, a new genus of long-legged flies from Iranian mangroves (Diptera: Dolichopodidae: Hydrophorinae)
FIGURE 7. Govater, Sistan & Balouchestan province; collection site for Mangrovomyia mofidii sp. nov. Photograph courtesy M. Mofidi.
FIGURE 3 in Mangrovomyia, a new genus of long-legged flies from Iranian mangroves (Diptera: Dolichopodidae: Hydrophorinae)
FIGURE 3. Mangrovomyia naserzadehae sp. nov., male (A–F), female (G). A. Wing. B. Apex of abdomen, lateral view. С, E. Hypopygium, lateral view. D. Hypopygium, ventrolateral view. F. Hypopygium, ventral view. G. Habitus. Abbreviations: cerc—cercus; epand—epandrium; epand lb—epandrial lobe; for—epandrial foramen; hypd—hypandrium; ph—phallus; sur— surstylus.
FIGURE 6 in Mangrovomyia, a new genus of long-legged flies from Iranian mangroves (Diptera: Dolichopodidae: Hydrophorinae)
FIGURE 6. Nayband Gulf, Asaluyeh, Bushehr province; collection site for Mangrovomyia naserzadehae sp. nov. Photograph by E. Gilasian.
FIGURE 2 in Mangrovomyia, a new genus of long-legged flies from Iranian mangroves (Diptera: Dolichopodidae: Hydrophorinae)
FIGURE 2. Mangrovomyia naserzadehae sp. nov., male. A. Fore leg, posterior view. B. Fore knee. С. Fore tibia and basitarsus, anterior view. D. Fore tibia and tarsus, dorsal view. E. Mid femur, anterior view. F. Mid tibia and tarsus, anterior view. G. Hind femur, anterior view. H. Hind tibia and tarsus, anterior view. I. Mesonotum, dorsal view. J. Wing base. K. Wing, middle part. Abbreviations: vts—vertical seta; pvts—postvertical seta.
FIGURE 1 in Mangrovomyia, a new genus of long-legged flies from Iranian mangroves (Diptera: Dolichopodidae: Hydrophorinae)
FIGURE 1. Mangrovomyia naserzadehae sp. nov., male. A. Habitus. B. Head, anterior view. С. Head, lateral view. D. Antenna, median view. E. Antenna, lateral view.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.