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FIGURE 1 in Copepods associated with Ascidian hosts (Tunicata): Intramolgidae and Lichomolgidae, with descriptions of four new genera and 13 new species
FIGURE 1. fntramolgus heardensẚs sp. nov., female. A, habitus, right; B, urosome, dorsal; C, left caudal ramus, dorsal; D, rostrum; E, antennule; F, antenna; G, labrum; H, mandible; I, paragnath; J, maxillule; K, maxilla. Scale bars: A, 0.2 mm; B, 0.1 mm; C, F, H–K, 0.02 mm; D, E, G, 0.0l5 mm.
FIGURE 13. i in Copepods associated with Ascidian hosts (Tunicata): Intramolgidae and Lichomolgidae, with descriptions of four new genera and 13 new species
FIGURE 13. iẚchomolgẚdẚum sardum Kossmann, 1877, female. A, maxilliped; B, leg 1; C, distal part of third exopodal segment of leg 1; D, leg 2; E, endopod of leg 3; F, leg 4; G, exopod of leg 5; H, right genital aperture, dorsal. Scale bars: A, C, G, H, 0.02 mm; B, D–F, 0.05 mm.
FIGURE 14. i in Copepods associated with Ascidian hosts (Tunicata): Intramolgidae and Lichomolgidae, with descriptions of four new genera and 13 new species
FIGURE 14. iẚchomolgẚdẚum sardum Kossmann, 1877, male. A, habitus, dorsal; B, urosome, ventral; C, maxilliped; D, exopod of leg 5; E, right genital operculum, ventral. Scale bars: A, 0.2 mm; B, 0.1 mm; C–E, 0.02 mm.
FIGURE 6 in Copepods associated with Ascidian hosts (Tunicata): Intramolgidae and Lichomolgidae, with descriptions of four new genera and 13 new species
FIGURE 6. fntramolgus atlantẚs sp. nov., female. A, leg 3; B, leg 4; C, left side of genital double-somite, dorsal. Scale bars: A, B, 0.05 mm; C, 0.02 mm.
FIGURE 10 in Copepods associated with Ascidian hosts (Tunicata): Intramolgidae and Lichomolgidae, with descriptions of four new genera and 13 new species
FIGURE 10. eenẚcoxẚphẚum redactum Illg and Humes, 1971, female. A, leg 1; B, leg 2; C, endopod of leg 3; D, leg 4; E, endopod of leg 4; F, exopod of leg 5; G, right genital aperture, dorsal. Scale bars: A–D, 0.05 mm; E–G, 0.02 mm.
FIGURE 2 in Copepods associated with Ascidian hosts (Tunicata): Intramolgidae and Lichomolgidae, with descriptions of four new genera and 13 new species
FIGURE 2. fntramolgus heardensẚs sp. nov., female. A, maxilliped; B, leg 1; C, leg 2; D, endopod of leg 3; E, leg 4; F, first 2 urosomal somites, ventral; G, left genital aperture, dorsal. Scale bars: A, G, 0.02 mm; B–F, 0.05 mm.
FIGURE 16. i in Copepods associated with Ascidian hosts (Tunicata): Intramolgidae and Lichomolgidae, with descriptions of four new genera and 13 new species
FIGURE 16. iẚchomolgẚdẚum bẚpartẚtum sp. nov., female. A, leg 1; B, leg 2; C, endopod of leg 3; D, leg 4; E, left leg 5 and genital aperture, dorsal. All scale bars: 0.05 mm.
FIGURE 9 in Copepods associated with Ascidian hosts (Tunicata): Intramolgidae and Lichomolgidae, with descriptions of four new genera and 13 new species
FIGURE 9. eenẚcoxẚphẚum redactum Illg and Humes, 1971, female. A, habitus, dorsal; B, urosome, dorsal; C, anal somite and caudal rami, dorsal; D, egg sac; E, rostrum; F, antennule; G, antenna; H, labrum; I, mandible; J, maxillule; K, maxilla; L, maxilliped. Scale bars: A–D, 0.1 mm; E, F, H, 0.05 mm; G, I–L, 0.02 mm.
FIGURE 8 in Copepods associated with Ascidian hosts (Tunicata): Intramolgidae and Lichomolgidae, with descriptions of four new genera and 13 new species
FIGURE 8. aebruma deplanata sp. nov., female. A, egg sac; B, leg 1; C, leg 2; D, leg 4; E, exopod of leg 5; F, right genital aperture. Scale bars: A, 0.2 mm; B–F, 0.05 mm.
FIGURE 11 in Copepods associated with Ascidian hosts (Tunicata): Intramolgidae and Lichomolgidae, with descriptions of four new genera and 13 new species
FIGURE 11. eenẚcoxẚphẚum redactum Illg and Humes, 1971, male. A, habitus, dorsal; B, urosome, dorsal; C, maxilliped; D, exopod of leg 5. Scale bars: A, B, 0.1 mm; C, D, 0.02 mm.
FIGURE 12. i in Copepods associated with Ascidian hosts (Tunicata): Intramolgidae and Lichomolgidae, with descriptions of four new genera and 13 new species
FIGURE 12. iẚchomolgẚdẚum sardum Kossmann, 1877, female. A, habitus, dorsal; B, urosome, dorsal; C, right caudal ramus, dorsal; D, spermatophore; E, rostrum; F, antennule; G, antenna; H, labrum; I, mandible; J, maxillule; K, maxilla. Scale bars: A, 0.2 mm; B, 0.1 mm; C–G, 0.05 mm; H–K, 0.02 mm.
FIGURE 5 in Copepods associated with Ascidian hosts (Tunicata): Intramolgidae and Lichomolgidae, with descriptions of four new genera and 13 new species
FIGURE 5. fntramolgus atlantẚs sp. nov., female. A, labrum, B, mandible; C, maxillule; D, maxilla; E, maxilliped; F, leg 1; G, leg 2. All scale bars: 0.02 mm.
FIGURE 4 in Copepods associated with Ascidian hosts (Tunicata): Intramolgidae and Lichomolgidae, with descriptions of four new genera and 13 new species
FIGURE 4. fntramolgus atlantẚs sp. nov., female. A, habitus, dorsal; B, habitus, right; C, urosome, dorsal; D, anterior part of urosome, ventral; E, right caudal ramus, ventral; F, rostrum; G, antennule; H, antenna. Scale bars: A, B, 0.1 mm; C, D, 0.05 mm; E–H, 0.02 mm.
FIGURE 15. i in Copepods associated with Ascidian hosts (Tunicata): Intramolgidae and Lichomolgidae, with descriptions of four new genera and 13 new species
FIGURE 15. iẚchomolgẚdẚum bẚpartẚtum sp. nov., female. A, habitus, dorsal; B, urosome, dorsal; C, left caudal ramus, dorsal; D, rostrum; E, antennule; F, antenna; G, labrum; H, mandible; I, maxillule; J, maxilla; K, maxilliped; L, distal segment of maxilliped. Scale bars: A, 0.2 mm; B, 0.1 mm; C–G, 0.05 mm; H–L, 0.02 mm.
Data from: Local adaptation and rapid evolution of aphids in response to genetic interactions with their cottonwood hosts
<p>Several studies have demonstrated the ecological consequences of genetic variation within a single plant species. For example, these studies show that individual plant genotypes support unique composition of the plants' associated arthropod community. By contrast, fewer studies have explored how plant genetic variation may influence evolutionary dynamics in the plant's associated species. Here, we examine how aphids respond evolutionarily to genetic variation in their host plant. We conducted two experiments to examine local adaptation and rapid evolution of the free-feeding aphid <i>Chaitophorus populicola</i> across genetic variants of its host plant, <i>Populus angustifolia</i>. To test for local adaptation, we collected tree cuttings and aphid colonies from three sites along an elevation / climate gradient and conducted a reciprocal transplant experiment. In general, home aphids (aphid transplanted onto trees from the same site) produced 1.7-3.4 times as many offspring as foreign aphids (aphids transplanted onto trees from different sites). To test for rapid evolution, we used 4 clonally replicated aphid genotypes and transplanted each onto 5 clonally replicated <i>P. angustifolia</i> genotypes. Each tree genotype started with the same aphid genotype composition. After 21 days (~two aphid generations), aphid genotype composition changed (i.e. aphids evolved) and some tree genotypes supported unique evolutionary trajectories of aphids. These results suggest that plant evolution in response to human perturbation, such as climate change and invasive species will also result in evolutionary responses in strongly interacting species that could cascade to affect whole communities.</p>
Species complex diversification by host plant use in an herbivorous insect: The source of Puerto Rican cactus mealybug pest and implications for biological control
Cryptic taxa have often been observed in the form of host‐associated species that diverged as the result of adaptation to alternate host plants. Untangling cryptic diversity in species complexes that encompass invasive species is a mandatory task for pest management. Moreover, investigating the evolutionary history of a species complex may help to understand the drivers of their diversification. The mealybug Hypogeococcus pungens was believed to be a polyphagous species from South America and has been reported as a pest devastating native cacti in Puerto Rico, also threatening cactus diversity in the Caribbean and North America. There is neither certainty about the identity of the pest, nor the source population from South America. Recent studies pointed to substantial genetic differentiation among local populations, suggesting that H. pungens is a species complex. In this study, we used a combination of genome-wide SNPs and mtDNA variation to investigate species diversity within H. pungens sensu lato to establish host plant ranges of each one of the putative members of the complex, to evaluate whether the pattern of host plant association drove diversification in the species complex, and to determine the source population of the Puerto Rican cactus pest. Our results suggested that H. pungens comprises at least five different species, each one strongly associated with specific host plants. We also established that the Puerto Rican cactus pest derives from southeastern Brazilian mealybugs. This is an important achievement because it will help to design reliable strategies for biological control using natural enemies of the pest from its native range.
Seasonal monitoring of Drosophila suzukii and its non-crop hosts in Wuhu, Eastern China
<p><i>Drosophila</i><i> suzukii</i> (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is a serious pest that prefers fresh fruits native to Southeast Asia. In our study apple cider vinegar bait traps were used to capture and monitor the population dynamics of this native pest in Wuhu City, China, from May/June, 2017 to May, 2018. The research was conducted at 15 locations in two fruit orchards in Wuhu. Traps caught more adults in general in Meiling blueberry orchard than in Xicun mixed orchard, and the highest trap counts occurred near harvest time (October). Females had more mature eggs from September to November and the number of mature eggs declined thereafter. We found several non-crop hosts of this pest, which can provide food and reproductive resources for <i>D. suzukii</i>, are common in forests and field margins. By comparing the number of captured adults in the Meiling and Xicun orchards, we found that blueberry was preferred by <i>D. suzukii </i>among the fruits in our search. Fruit ripening time differed among crops and therefore fly populations moved between crop and non-crop habitats during the year or had varying population dynamics on different crops in different seasons. The <i>D. suzukii</i> population and the number of mature eggs decreased in summer and winter but increased in spring and autumn. <i>Drosophila suzukii</i> had higher survival rates on blueberry than other fruits and <i>D. suzukii </i>could use four non-crop species growing around the orchards as host plants.</p>
Figure 1 in Effects of different ant species on the attendance of neighbouring hemipteran colonies and the outcomes for the host plant
Figure 1. Frequency of ant visitation on mealybug aggregations during manipulative experiment (9 days) by (a) Camponotus crassus and (b) Ectatomma tuberculatum showing the treatment individuals (grey bars – with ant exclusion during manipulation period – days 4, 5 and 6) and control individuals (white bars – with ant access all time). The frequency of C. crassus visitation increased when prevented from tending the treatment aggregation [repeated-measures one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA); * p <0.05; means ± 1 standard error (SE) are presented].
Figure 4 in Effects of different ant species on the attendance of neighbouring hemipteran colonies and the outcomes for the host plant
Figure 4. Comparative analysis of abundance of mealybugs on plants with and without (a) Camponotus crassus and (b) Ectatomma tuberculatum on shrubs of Banisteriopsis campestris in a Brazilian tropical savanna. [T test; * indicates statistical difference; p <0.05; means ± 1 standard error (SE) are presented].
Figure 2 in Effects of different ant species on the attendance of neighbouring hemipteran colonies and the outcomes for the host plant
Figure 2. Comparative analysis of abundance of nymphs attended by (a) Camponotus crassus and (b) Ectatomma tuberculatum on individuals of Banisteriopsis campestris with and without ants over 76 days of monitoring (sampling: 1° – 5 February 2014; 2° – 26 February 2014; 3° – 19 March 2014; 4° – 9 April 2014). A statistical difference was observed for nymphs attended by C. crassus [Friedman test; * indicates statistical difference; p <0.05; means ± 1 standard error (SE) are presented].
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.