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FIGURE 3. N in Contributions to the millipede genus Nepalella Shear, 1979 from China, with four new species and first results on phylogeny based on DNA-barcoding (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Megalotylidae)

FIGURE 3. N. troglodytes sp. nov., SEM, ♂ paratype from Hejia Dong Cave. A gnathochilarium, ventral view. B right mandible, general view. C antenna, lateral view. D antennomere 7 apical cones. E leg 3, frontal view. F tarsus 3, detail. G leg 10, frontal view. H coxa 10. I leg 11, caudal view. J prefemur 11. Abbreviations: lp = lateral palpus; ip = inner palpus; st = stipites; ll = lamellae linguales; m = mentum. et = external tooth; it = internal tooth; pl = pectinate lamellae; ia = intermediate area; mp = molar plate. a2–a7 = antennomeres 2–7. Cx = coxa; Pre = prefemur; Fem = femur; Pos = postfemur; Tib = tibia; Tar = tarsus; c = claw.

FIGURE 15. N in Contributions to the millipede genus Nepalella Shear, 1979 from China, with four new species and first results on phylogeny based on DNA-barcoding (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Megalotylidae)

FIGURE 15. N. jinfoshan sp. nov., ♂ paratype from Houshan Dong Cave. A legs 5, frontal view. B legs 7, caudal view. C leg 10, frontal view. D leg 11, caudal view. Abbreviations: Tar = tarsus. Cx = coxa; Pre = prefemur.

FIGURE 11. N in Contributions to the millipede genus Nepalella Shear, 1979 from China, with four new species and first results on phylogeny based on DNA-barcoding (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Megalotylidae)

FIGURE 11. N. lobata sp. nov., ♂ paratype from Liangshui Dong Cave. A legs 3, caudal view. B legs 4, caudal view. C legs 10, frontal view. D legs 11, caudal view. Abbreviations: Cx = coxa; Pre = prefemur; Fem = femur; Tar = tarsus.

FIGURE 12. N in Contributions to the millipede genus Nepalella Shear, 1979 from China, with four new species and first results on phylogeny based on DNA-barcoding (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Megalotylidae)

FIGURE 12. N. lobata sp. nov., ♂ paratype from Liangshui Dong Cave. A–B anterior gonopods, frontal and caudal views, respectively. C-D posterior gonopods, frontal and caudal views, respectively. Abbreviations: cxi = coxite; c = colpocoxite; t1– t2 = telopoditomeres 1–2.

FIGURES 17–18 in The identity of Amplaria nazinta (Chamberlin, 1910): a century-old millipede mystery resolved (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Striariidae)

FIGURES 17–18. Amplaria nazinta (Chamberlin, 1910) male. Fig. 17, tip of right gonopod, lateral view. Fig. 18, tip of left gonopod, mesal view. Aacx, anterior angiocoxite; pacx, posterior angiocoxite; cpx, colpocoxite; f, flagellocoxites.

FIGURES 14–16 in The identity of Amplaria nazinta (Chamberlin, 1910): a century-old millipede mystery resolved (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Striariidae)

FIGURES 14–16. Amplaria nazinta (Chamberlin, 1910) male. Fig. 14, right gonopod, lateral view. Fig. 15, left gonopod, mesal view. Fig. 16, legpair 9, anterior view. Aacx, anterior angiocoxite; pacx, posterior angiocoxite; cpx, colpocoxite; f, flagellocoxites; tel, telopodite; sp, coxosternal process; st, sternum.

FIGURES 6–9 in The identity of Amplaria nazinta (Chamberlin, 1910): a century-old millipede mystery resolved (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Striariidae)

FIGURES 6–9. Amplaria nazinta (Chamberlin, 1910) male. Fig. 6, specialized setae of the upper distal part of the telopodite of leg 7. Fig. 7, typical segmental seta. Fig. 8, specialized setae of tarsus 5. Fig. 9, specialized setae of the lower distal part of the telopodite of leg 7.

FIGURES 10–13 in The identity of Amplaria nazinta (Chamberlin, 1910): a century-old millipede mystery resolved (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Striariidae)

FIGURES 10–13. Amplaria nazinta (Chamberlin, 1910) male. Fig. 10, modified needle-like setae from the ventral surface of the tibia and tarsus of leg 1. Fig. 11, Dorsal surface of penultimate segment, showing central region where the cerotegument has been scraped away. Fig. 12, limbus of metazonite 26. Fig. 13, nodular ornamentation of epiproct. 29, segment 29; n, intercrest nodules; pc; paramedian crest.

FIGURES 1, 2 in The identity of Amplaria nazinta (Chamberlin, 1910): a century-old millipede mystery resolved (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Striariidae)

FIGURES 1, 2. Amplaria nazinta (Chamberlin, 1910). Fig. 1, habitus of adult female. Fig. 2, frontal view of head and collum of mature male. Col, collum; lab, labrum.

FIGURES 3–5 in The identity of Amplaria nazinta (Chamberlin, 1910): a century-old millipede mystery resolved (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Striariidae)

FIGURES 3–5. Amplaria nazinta (Chamberlin, 1910) male. Fig. 3, posterior end of male. Fig. 4, legpair 1 of male. Fig. 5, legpairs 3–5 of male. cp3, coxal processes of legs 3; cx, coxa; f, femur; ep, epiproct or telson, L3–5, legs 3–5; pf, prefemur; pf3, prefemur of leg 3; t, tarsus; ti, tibia; tr, trochanter; numbers of diplosegments.

FIGURES 56–57 in The millipede family Diplomaragnidae Attems, 1907 in the Asian part of Russia with the descriptions of two new genera and seven new species (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida)

FIGURES 56–57. Pacifiosoma triangulatum sp. nov., male holotype. 56, gonopods, caudal view; 57, gonopods, front view; pp, posterior angicoxal process; c, clawlike outgrowth; n, triangular plate; ap, anterior angiocoxal process; cx, coxosternum. Scale in mm.

FIGURES 49–55 in The millipede family Diplomaragnidae Attems, 1907 in the Asian part of Russia with the descriptions of two new genera and seven new species (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida)

FIGURES 49–55. Pacifiosoma shabalini sp. nov., male holotype, female paratype. 49, gonopods, caudal view; 50, distal part of gonopods, caudal view; 51, gonopods, front view; 52, central part of gonopods; 53, vulva, ventral view; 54, coxae and trochanters 11, caudal view; 55, coxae and trochanters 10, front view; pp, posterior angicoxal process; sg, subglobule of posterior angiocoxite; cl, colpocoxites; at, anterior gonopod telopodite. Scales: 20 μm (Figs 50, 52–55), 100 μm (Figs 49, 51).

FIGURES 40–44 in The millipede family Diplomaragnidae Attems, 1907 in the Asian part of Russia with the descriptions of two new genera and seven new species (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida)

FIGURES 40–44. Pacifiosoma cristofer (Mikhaljova, 1993), males from Gassi Lake basin (Figs 40–41, 44) and Bolshekhekhtsirsky Nature Reserve (Figs 42–43). 40, 42, gonopods, caudal view, telopodites of posterior gonopods broken on fig. 42; 41, central part of gonopods; 43, distal parts of gonopods; 44, apex of colpocoxite and anterior gonopod telopodite; pp, posterior angicoxal process; aat, apex of anterior gonopod telopodite. Scales: 10 μm (Fig. 44), 20 μm (Figs 41, 43), 100 μm (Figs 40, 42).

FIGURES 37–39 in The millipede family Diplomaragnidae Attems, 1907 in the Asian part of Russia with the descriptions of two new genera and seven new species (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida)

FIGURES 37–39. Pacifiosoma acutum sp. nov., male holotype. 37, 39, gonopods, front view, left colpocoxite broken; 38, papillae of anterior colpocoxite part; n, external edge of colpocoxite; ap, anterior angiocoxal process. Scales: 20 μm (Figs 38–39), 100 μm (Fig. 37).

FIGURES 32–36 in The millipede family Diplomaragnidae Attems, 1907 in the Asian part of Russia with the descriptions of two new genera and seven new species (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida)

FIGURES 32–36. Pacifiosoma acutum sp. nov., male holotype. 32, 36, gonopods, caudal view, right colpocoxite broken; 33, posterior angiocoxal processes; 34, distal parts of anterior gonopod telopodite and colpocoxite; 35, external edge of colpocoxite; pp, posterior angicoxal process; n, external edge of colpocoxite; at, anterior gonopod telopodite; c, clawlike outgrowth. Scales: 10 μm (Figs 34–35), 20 μm (Fig. 33), 100 μm (Fig. 32), 0.5 mm (Fig. 36).

FIGURES 28–31 in The millipede family Diplomaragnidae Attems, 1907 in the Asian part of Russia with the descriptions of two new genera and seven new species (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida)

FIGURES 28–31. Orientyla dahurica (Gerstfeldt, 1859), male. 28, gonopods, caudal view; 29, gonopods, front view; 30, distal parts of colpocoxites, front view; 31, apex of colpocoxite, front view; lp, lateral process of sheath groove; at, anterior gonopod telopodite; e, edge of sheath groove; pp, posterior angicoxal process; cx, coxosternum. Scales: 20 μm (Fig. 31), 100 μm (Fig. 29), 200 μm (Fig. 28), 0.5 mm (Fig. 30).

FIGURES 26–27 in The millipede family Diplomaragnidae Attems, 1907 in the Asian part of Russia with the descriptions of two new genera and seven new species (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida)

FIGURES 26–27. Litovkia anisimovka sp. nov., female paratype. 26, vulva, ventral view; 27, vulva, lateral view. Scales: 20 μm.

FIGURES 8–12 in The millipede family Diplomaragnidae Attems, 1907 in the Asian part of Russia with the descriptions of two new genera and seven new species (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida)

FIGURES 8–12. Diplomaragna dentifer sp. nov., male, female paratypes. 8, gonopods, caudal view; 9, 10, posterior angiocoxal processes; 11, gonopods, front view; 12, vulvae, ventral view; pp, posterior angicoxal process; t, process-tooth; ap, anterior angiocoxal process. Scales: 20 μm (Figs 9–10), 100 μm (Figs 8, 11–12).

FIGURES 15–16. Diplomaragna yakovlevka Shear, 1990, male. 15 in The millipede family Diplomaragnidae Attems, 1907 in the Asian part of Russia with the descriptions of two new genera and seven new species (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida)

FIGURES 15–16. Diplomaragna yakovlevka Shear, 1990, male. 15, gonopods, caudal view; 16, posterior angiocoxal processes, caudal view; sg, subglobule of posterior angiocoxite. Scales: 20 μm (Fig. 16), 100 μm (Fig. 15).

FIGURES 3–7 in The millipede family Diplomaragnidae Attems, 1907 in the Asian part of Russia with the descriptions of two new genera and seven new species (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida)

FIGURES 3–7. Diplomaragna budilovi sp. nov., male holotype. 3, 7, gonopods, caudal view; 4, posterior angiocoxal processes and colpocoxites, caudal view; 5, gonopods, front view; 6, basal part of gonopods, caudal view; c, horn; pp, posterior angicoxal process; ap, anterior angiocoxal process; cx, coxosternum; at, anterior gonopod telopodite. Scales: 20 μm (Fig. 6), 100 μm (Figs 3–5), 0.5 mm (Fig. 7).