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FIG. 17 in Diversity, morphological phylogeny, and distribution of bats of the genus Molossus E. Geoffroy, 1805 (Chiroptera, Molossidae) in Brazil

FIG. 17. — Geographic range of Molossus currentium Thomas, 1901 in Brasil: -, represents new records for the country. The numbers represent the locality described in Appendix 1.

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FIG. 9 in Diversity, morphological phylogeny, and distribution of bats of the genus Molossus E. Geoffroy, 1805 (Chiroptera, Molossidae) in Brazil

FIG. 9. — Geographic range of Molossus coibensis Allen, 1904 in Brazil: -, Represents new records for the country. The numbers represent the localities described in Appendix 1.

Data from: Creating small food-habituated groups might alter genetic diversity in the endangered Yunnan snub-nosed monkey. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01422

<p>Ecotourism is increasing worldwide for financial, educational and social purposes. Organized viewing of wildlife, especially at feeding sites where wildlife is “ready-to-view”, increases the opportunities for tourists to observe animals in the wild. However, feeding sites might retain only a subsample of wild populations. We thus hypothesized that such human intervention could induce population subdivisions and alter random mating by artificially creating small groups. The endangered Yunnan snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti) is an emblematic example reflecting the contradictions between conservation and ecotourism. In Gehuaqing/Xiangguqing (Yunnan, China), some individuals are maintained at feeding sites, while the rest of the monkey subpopulation wanders in a large surrounding area. Using faecal sampling and molecular analyses, we showed that this subpopulation is genetically structured into two moderately differentiated subgroups. The fed subgroup exhibited lower genetic diversity and higher relatedness than the rest of the subpopulation. Simulation model results indicated that a single translocation probably would not restore genetic diversity in fed individuals. Thus, feeding sites implementation and associated management practices might rapidly induce founder effects. We discuss the possibilities of conciliating ecotourism and the conservation of endangered animal species from this viewpoint.</p>

Fig. 5 in Unexpected species diversity in electric eels with a description of the strongest living bioelectricity generator

Fig. 5 Lateral view of Electrophorus electricus. National Museum of Natural History, NMNH 225670, 520 mm TL. Corantijn River, Suriname

Fig. 4 in Unexpected species diversity in electric eels with a description of the strongest living bioelectricity generator

Fig. 4 Ecological Niche Model and electric organ discharges for species of Electrophorus. Species niche models generated by MaxEnt for Greater Amazonia: a Electrophorus electricus (red); b E. varii (yellow); and c E. voltai (blue). d Measurements of voltage of high-voltage EODs, low-voltage EODs waveforms from Sach's organ, and posterior one-third of Hunter's organ (grey lines = individually recorded fish, black lines = averaged waveform for each species). e Nearest-neighbor hierarchical clustering of prominent time-frequency features of the low-voltage Sach's organ EOD from seven individuals of Electrophorus

Fig. 3 in Unexpected species diversity in electric eels with a description of the strongest living bioelectricity generator

Fig. 3 Electrophorus tree of life and time of species diversification. Time-calibrated genealogy of Electrophorus based on a maximum clade credibility (MCC) species tree derived from *BEAST2.4 analyses of 10 genes (colored lines) and 94 specimens of Electrophorus (relaxed molecular clock and uncorrelated lognormal model implemented). Purple bars represent 95% highest posterior density distributions for the estimated divergence time of each major node. Voltage measurements made by us are reported below E. electricus (National Museum of Natural History, NMNH 225670, 520 mm TL, Corantijn River, Suriname), E. voltai (Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, MPEG 15529; holotype, 1290 mm TL), and E. varii (MPEG 25422; holotype, 1000 mm TL)

Fig. 1 in Unexpected species diversity in electric eels with a description of the strongest living bioelectricity generator

Fig. 1 Sampling localities and gene trees for the three species of Electrophorus. a Map of northern South America showing distributions of sampled records and type localities (indicated by numbers) for three electric eel species: Electrophorus electricus (red dots, 1 = Suriname River, Suriname); E. voltai (blue dots, 2 = Rio Ipitinga, Brazil); and E. varii (yellow dots, 3 = Rio Goiapi, Brazil). Bicolor dots (blue/yellow) indicate sympatric co-occurrence of E. voltai and E. varii. The map was created in ArcGIS (https://www.arcgis.com) with images available at Shuttle Radar Topography Mission, Global Multi-resolution Terrain Elevation Data, and HydroSHEDS database. b *BEAST2.4 species tree (top cladogram; 94 specimens: 15 E. electricus, 41 E. voltai, 38 E. varii) based on 5 mitochondrial (trees 1–5; 107 specimens: 19 E. electricus, 43 E. voltai, 45 E. varii) and 5 nuclear genes (6–10; 94 specimens). Higher shading densities represent areas where the majority of trees agree in topology and branch lengths (posterior probabilities>0.99), while lower densities represent areas of uncertainty (Supplementary Data 1)

Fig. 2 in Unexpected species diversity in electric eels with a description of the strongest living bioelectricity generator

Fig. 2 Key morphological features to recognize the three species of Electrophorus. Top, radiographs of lateral view of the anterior portion of body (skull and pectoral girdle highlighted red). The cleithrum lies between the fifth and sixth vertebrae (v) in Electrophorus electricus (a) and E. voltai (b) versus first and second vertebrae in E. varii (c). Bottom, illustrations of ventral view of the head, showing key features listed in Diagnoses. a top: National Museum of Natural History, NMNH 403765, 300 mm TL, Cuyuni River, Guyana; bottom: NMNH 225576, 1000 mm TL, Corantijn River, Suriname. b top: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas de Amazônia, INPA 39009, 450 mm TL, Teles Pires River, Brazil; bottom: Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, ANSP 197583 (t3539), 1280 mm TL, Xingu River, Brazil. c top: NMNH 306677, 450 mm TL, Lago Janauari, Amazon River, Brazil; bottom: NMNH 196634, 1220 mm TL, Amazon River, Brazil

Fig. 7 in Unexpected species diversity in electric eels with a description of the strongest living bioelectricity generator

Fig. 7 Lateral view of Electrophorus voltai sp. nov. Holotype, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi MPEG 15529, 1290 mm TL. Ipitinga River, Brazil

Fig. 6 in Unexpected species diversity in electric eels with a description of the strongest living bioelectricity generator

Fig. 6 Lateral view of Electrophorus varii sp. nov. Holotype, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi MPEG 25422, 1000 mm TL. Goiapi River, Brazil

Fig. 25 in Revision of the morphology, phylogenetic relationships, behaviour and diversity of the Iberian and Italian ant-like Tachydromia Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Hybotidae)

Fig. 25. Habitat of Tachydromia ebejeri Gonçalves, Grootaert & Andrade sp. nov. in a forest of Quercus pyrenaica Willd. in Portugal, Arganil, Benfeita (Mata da Margaraça), a region under submediterranean influence.

Fig. 24 in Revision of the morphology, phylogenetic relationships, behaviour and diversity of the Iberian and Italian ant-like Tachydromia Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Hybotidae)

Fig. 24. Forest of Fagus sylvatica L. in the Apennine Mountains, where Tachydromia apterygon Plant & Deeming, 2006 can be found.

Fig. 21 in Revision of the morphology, phylogenetic relationships, behaviour and diversity of the Iberian and Italian ant-like Tachydromia Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Hybotidae)

Fig. 21. Drawings of the tip of stenopterous wings and images obtained by scanning electron microscope (SEM) of the micropterous wings. Males are pictured in the left column, females in the right. A, C. T. pandellei (Séguy, 1941). B–C. T. pieltaini (Gil Collado, 1936). D–E. T. semiaptera (Gil Collado, 1923). F–G. T. stenoptera Gonçalves, Grootaert & Andrade sp. nov. Scale bars: A–D, F = 50 µm; E, G = 10 µm.

Fig. 19 in Revision of the morphology, phylogenetic relationships, behaviour and diversity of the Iberian and Italian ant-like Tachydromia Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Hybotidae)

Fig. 19. Images obtained by scanning electron microscopy of the spur-like structures present on the apical portion of the male mid tibia. A. T. lusitanica (Grootaert, Shamshev & Andrade, 2009). B. T. pandellei (Séguy, 1941). C. T. pieltaini (Gil Collado, 1936). D. T. ebejeri Gonçalves, Grootaert & Andrade sp. nov. E–F. T. semiaptera (Gil Collado, 1923). G. T. stenoptera Gonçalves, Grootaert & Andrade sp. nov. H. T. cantabrica Gonçalves, Grootaert & Andrade sp. nov. I. T. nigrohirta Gonçalves, Grootaert & Andrade sp. nov. J. T. apterygon Plant & Deeming, 2006. Scale bars: 10 µm.

Fig. 17 in Revision of the morphology, phylogenetic relationships, behaviour and diversity of the Iberian and Italian ant-like Tachydromia Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Hybotidae)

Fig. 17. Mounted specimens of the Iberian ant-like Tachydromia Meigen, 1803. Males are pictured in the left column, females in the right. A–B. T. lusitanica (Grootaert, Shamshev & Andrade, 2009). C–D. T. nigrohirta Gonçalves, Grootaert & Andrade sp. nov. E–F. T. ebejeri Gonçalves, Grootaert & Andrade sp. nov. G–H. T. stenoptera Gonçalves, Grootaert & Andrade sp. nov. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 23 in Revision of the morphology, phylogenetic relationships, behaviour and diversity of the Iberian and Italian ant-like Tachydromia Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Hybotidae)

Fig. 23. Distribution of Tachydromia apterygon Plant & Deeming, 2006 in Italy. Nine localities are currently known.

Fig. 15 in Revision of the morphology, phylogenetic relationships, behaviour and diversity of the Iberian and Italian ant-like Tachydromia Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Hybotidae)

Fig. 15. Habitus of live specimens of the Iberian ant-like Tachydromia Meigen, 1803. Males are pictured in the left column, females in the right. A–B. T. lusitanica (Grootaert, Shamshev & Andrade, 2009). C–D. T. nigrohirta Gonçalves, Grootaert & Andrade sp. nov. E–F. T. ebejeri Gonçalves, Grootaert & Andrade sp. nov. G–H. T. stenoptera Gonçalves, Grootaert & Andrade sp. nov. I–J. T. cantabrica Gonçalves, Grootaert & Andrade sp. nov.

Fig. 18 in Revision of the morphology, phylogenetic relationships, behaviour and diversity of the Iberian and Italian ant-like Tachydromia Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Hybotidae)

Fig. 18. Mounted specimens of the Iberian ant-like Tachydromia Meigen, 1803. Males are pictured in the left column, females in the right. A–B. T. cantabrica Gonçalves, Grootaert & Andrade sp. nov. C–D. T. iberica (Arias, 1919). E–F. T. semiaptera (Gil Collado, 1923). G–H. T. pieltaini (Gil Collado, 1936). I–J. T. pandellei (Séguy, 1941). Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 16 in Revision of the morphology, phylogenetic relationships, behaviour and diversity of the Iberian and Italian ant-like Tachydromia Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Hybotidae)

Fig. 16. Habitus of live specimens of the Iberian ant-like Tachydromia Meigen, 1803 and the Italian flightless Tachydromia. Males are pictured in the left column, females in the right. A–B. T. iberica (Arias, 1919). C–D. T. semiaptera (Gil Collado, 1923). E–F. T. pieltaini (Gil Collado, 1936). G–H. T. pandellei (Séguy, 1941). I–J. T. apterygon Plant & Deeming, 2006 (Italy).

Fig. 11 in Revision of the morphology, phylogenetic relationships, behaviour and diversity of the Iberian and Italian ant-like Tachydromia Meigen, 1803 (Diptera: Hybotidae)

Fig. 11. Terminalia of the topotype ofTachydromia pandellei (Séguy, 1941) from France, Hautes-Pyrénées, Arrens-Marsous, lectotype (RBINS). A. Right surstylus and right epandrial lamella. B. Epandrium with cerci. C. Left epandrial lamella and left surstylus. D. Right surstylus. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.