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5,371 results for “Flow”
Dataset of the temperature rise during granular flows in a rotating drum
<p>This dataset contains the temperature rise of granular flows reported in the journal article "<em>Experimental investigation of heat generation during granular flow in a rotating drum using infrared thermography</em>" (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2023.118619">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2023.118619</a>).</p> <p>The dataset is separated into 4 files, one for each particle material: <em>plastic_particles.xlsx</em>, <em>plastic_particles.xlsx</em>, <em>plastic_particles.xlsx</em>, <em>plastic_particles.xlsx</em>.</p> <p>Each file has 3 tabs, one for the experiments with each number of particles: 400, 600, 800.</p> <p>Each tab has 3 tables, one for the experiments with each rotation speed: 15 rpm, 35 rpm, 55 rpm.</p> <p>Each table contains the temperature rise obtained in 5 experiments, along with its mean and standard deviation.</p>
Sexual recombination and temporal gene flow maintain host resistance and genetic diversity
<p>Infectious disease can threaten host populations. Hosts can rapidly evolve resistance during epidemics, with this evolution often modulated by fitness trade-offs (e.g., between resistance and fecundity). However, many organisms switch between asexual and sexual reproduction, and this shift in reproductive strategy can also alter how resistance in host populations persists through time. Recombination can shuffle alleles selected for during an asexual phase, uncoupling the combinations of alleles that facilitated resistance to parasites and altering the distribution of resistance phenotypes in populations. Furthermore, in host species that produce diapausing propagules (e.g., seeds, spores, or resting eggs) after sex, accumulation of propagules into and gene flow out of a germ bank introduce allele combinations from past populations. Thus, recombination and gene flow might shift populations away from the trait distribution reached after selection by parasites. To understand how recombination and gene flow alter host population resistance, we tracked the genotypic diversity and resistance distributions of two wild populations of cyclical parthenogens. In one population, resistance and genetic diversity increased after recombination whereas, in the other, recombination did not shift already high resistance and genetic diversity. In both lakes, resistance remained high after temporal gene flow. This observation surprised us: due to costs to resistance imposed by a fecundity-resistance trade-off, we expected that high population resistance would be a transient state that would be eroded through time by recombination and gene flow. Instead, low resistance was the transient state, while recombination and gene flow re-established or maintained high resistance to this virulent parasite. We propose this outcome may have been driven by the joint influence of fitness trade-offs, genetic slippage after recombination, and temporal gene flow via the egg bank.</p>
Supplementary material for: PhyloCoalSimulations: A simulator for network multispecies coalescent models, including a new extension for the inheritance of gene flow
<p>We consider the evolution of phylogenetic gene trees along phylogenetic species networks, according to the network multispecies coalescent process, and introduce a new network coalescent model with correlated inheritance of gene flow. This model generalizes two traditional versions of the network coalescent: with independent or common inheritance. At each reticulation, multiple lineages of a given locus are inherited from parental populations chosen at random, either independently across lineages, or with positive correlation according to a Dirichlet process. This process may account for locus-specific probabilities of inheritance, for example.</p> <p>We implemented the simulation of gene trees under these network coalescent models in the Julia package PhyloCoalSimulations, which depends on PhyloNetworks and its powerful network manipulation tools. Input species phylogenies can be read in extended Newick format, either in numbers of generations or in coalescent units. Simulated gene trees can be written in Newick format, and in a way that preserves information about their embedding within the species network. This embedding can be used for downstream purposes, such as to simulate species-specific processes like rate variation across species, or for other scenarios as illustrated in this note. This package should be useful for simulation studies and simulation-based inference methods. The software is available open source with documentation and a tutorial at <a href="https://github.com/cecileane/PhyloCoalSimulations.jl">https://github.com/cecileane/PhyloCoalSimulations.jl</a>.</p>
Semipermeable species boundaries create opportunities for gene flow and adaptive potential
<p><span>Hybridisation and gene flow can have both deleterious and adaptive consequences for natural populations and species. To better understand the extent of hybridisation in nature and the balance between its beneficial and deleterious outcomes in a changing environment, information on naturally hybridising non-model organisms is needed. This requires the characterisation of the structure and extent of natural hybrid zones. Here we study natural populations of five keystone mound-building wood ant species in the <em>Formica</em> <em>rufa</em> group across Finland. No genomic studies across the species group exist, and the extent of hybridisation and genomic differentiation in sympatry is unknown. Combining genome-wide and morphological data, we demonstrate more extensive hybridisation than was previously detected between all five species in Finland. Specifically, we reveal a mosaic hybrid zone between <em>F. aquilonia, F. rufa </em>and<em> F. polyctena</em>, comprising further generation hybrid populations. Despite this, we find that <em>Formica rufa, F. aquilonia, F. lugubris, </em>and<em> F. pratensis</em> form distinct gene pools in Finland. We also find that hybrids occupy warmer microhabitats than the non-admixed populations of cold-adapted F. aquilonia, and suggest that warm winters and springs, in particular, may benefit hybrids over <em>F. aquilonia</em>, the most abundant <em>F. rufa</em> group species in Finland. In summary, our results indicate that extensive hybridisation may create adaptive potential that could promote wood ant persistence in a changing climate. Additionally, they highlight the potentially significant ecological and evolutionary consequences of extensive mosaic hybrid zones, within which independent hybrid populations face an array of ecological and intrinsic selection pressures.</span></p>
Flow cytometry of smooth muscle cells (SMCs)
<p>"SMC phenotype assessment by flow cytometry for positive SMC intracellular markers. SMC were isolated from bladder tissue samples and cultured in vitro in xenogeneic-free culture medium"</p>
Biosynthesis of Furfurylamines in Batch and Continuous Flow by Immobilized Amine Transaminases
<p>Building blocks with amine functionality are crucial in the chemical industry. Biocatalytic syntheses and chemicals derived from renewable resources are increasingly desired to achieve sustainable production of these amines. As a result, renewable materials such as furfurals, especially furfurylamines like 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfurylamine (HMFA) and 2,5-di(aminomethyl)furan (DAF), are gaining increasing attention. In this study, we identified four different amine transaminases (ATAs) that catalyze the reductive amination of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) and 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF). We successfully immobilized these ATAs on glutaraldehyde-functionalized amine beads using multiple binding and on amine beads by site-selective binding of the unique Cα-formylglycine within an aldehyde tag. All immobilized ATAs were efficiently reused in five repetitive cycles of reductive amination of HMF with alanine as co-substrate, while the ATA from <em>Silicibacter pomeroyi</em> (ATA-Spo) also exhibited high stability for reuse when isopropylamine was used as an amine donor. Additionally, immobilized ATA-Spo yielded high conversion in the batch syntheses of HMFA and DAF using alanine (87% and 87%, respectively) or isopropylamine (99% and 98%, respectively) as amine donors. We further demonstrated that ATA-Spo was effective for the reductive amination of HMF with alanine or isopropylamine in continuous-flow catalysis with high conversion up to 12 days (48% and 41%, respectively).</p>
Fig. 17 in A new highly apomorphic species of Bujurquina (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from a reverse flowing river in the Peruvian Amazon, with a key to the species in the genus
Fig. 17. Phylogenetic relationships and species delimitation within Bujurquina Kullander, 1986 based on the cytb marker from BEAST analysis. Numbers at nodes show age in Ma, grey bars at nodes show confidence intervals of age estimates (95% HPD). Bayesian posterior probabilities above 0.95 are shown as black points on nodes. Scale bar shows 5 My. Note the two main groups of Bujurquina.
Fig. 16 in A new highly apomorphic species of Bujurquina (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from a reverse flowing river in the Peruvian Amazon, with a key to the species in the genus
Fig. 16. PCA based on morphometric proportional values of LPJ of all described species in Bujurquina Kullander, 1986 based on specimens ≥ 60 mm SL. Colors represent individual species. Note that B. omagua sp. nov. has the most outlying LPJ shape.
Fig. 15 in A new highly apomorphic species of Bujurquina (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from a reverse flowing river in the Peruvian Amazon, with a key to the species in the genus
Fig. 15. Morphometric variation and discrimination of Northern group species in Bujurquina from the central western Amazon river basin (i.e., excluding B. zamorensis (Regan, 1905)) based on morphometric proportional values of SL in PCA based on specimens ≥ 60 mm SL. Colors represent individual species. Note main separation along PC1 which also corresponds to two main ecomorphs (lotic and lentic). Note that B. omagua sp. nov. is separated from these geographically closest species by its large head and long snout. Note improved separation of B. huallagae Kullander, 1986, B. ortegai Kullander, 1986 and B. moriorum Kullander, 1986 after exclusion of B. zamorensis (cf. Fig. 14).
Fig. 14 in A new highly apomorphic species of Bujurquina (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from a reverse flowing river in the Peruvian Amazon, with a key to the species in the genus
Fig. 14. Morphometric variation and discrimination of Northern group species in Bujurquina Kullander, 1986 from the western Amazon river basin based on morphometric proportional values of SL in PCA based on specimens ≥ 60 mm SL. Colors represent individual species. Note main separation along PC1 which also corresponds to two main ecomorphs (lotic and lentic). Note that B. omagua sp. nov. is separated from these geographically closest species by its large head. Note that B. zamorensis (Regan, 1905) is the most lotic and B. syspilus (Cope, 1872) the most lentic species identified by the analysis.
Fig. 12 in A new highly apomorphic species of Bujurquina (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from a reverse flowing river in the Peruvian Amazon, with a key to the species in the genus
Fig. 12. Lower portions of Sabalillo and Oran streams with muddy water with a blackish tinge (June 2018). Bujurquina omagua sp. nov. was not encountered in these habitats, which are typical for B. syspilus (Cope, 1872) in this area (see Fig. 13). A. Quebrada Sabalillo close to mouth into Amazon River. B. Oran creek at mouth of P18-21.
Fig. 13 in A new highly apomorphic species of Bujurquina (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from a reverse flowing river in the Peruvian Amazon, with a key to the species in the genus
Fig. 13. Distribution of Bujurquina omagua sp. nov. and parapatric species in the so far whole known area close to Oran village, District Las Amazonas, Maynas Province, Department Loreto, Perú.
Fig. 10 in A new highly apomorphic species of Bujurquina (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from a reverse flowing river in the Peruvian Amazon, with a key to the species in the genus
Fig. 10. Bujurquina omagua sp. nov., paratype (MUSM 70222, P18-16_1185, 79.9 mm), lower pharyngeal tooth plate in occlusal view. Scale bar = 1 mm.
Fig. 8 in A new highly apomorphic species of Bujurquina (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from a reverse flowing river in the Peruvian Amazon, with a key to the species in the genus
Fig. 8. Bujurquina omagua sp. nov., color photos of preserved specimens. A. Holotype (MUSM 70225, ID tag 1189), 97.4 mm. B. Paratype (MUSM 70226, P18-17_1190), 98.9 mm.
Fig. 5 in A new highly apomorphic species of Bujurquina (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from a reverse flowing river in the Peruvian Amazon, with a key to the species in the genus
Fig. 5. Detailed photographs of the spinous portion of the dorsal fin of species of Bujurquina Kullander, 1986 in the Northern group (see Figs 1 and 4). Note two main types of patterning of the dorsal fin, a blotched patterning vs lines in the spinous portion of the dorsal fin. Note additional differences in patterning of the spinous portion of the dorsal fin between the species, such as different numbers of lines per membrane, their thickness or angle. Also note differences in the coloration of the dorsal fin lappets between some of the species.
Fig. 6 in A new highly apomorphic species of Bujurquina (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from a reverse flowing river in the Peruvian Amazon, with a key to the species in the genus
Fig. 6. Bujurquina omaguasp. nov., holotype (MUSM 70225), 97.4 mm, ID tag 1189, Quebrada Sabalillo, cabeceras upper loc. P18-17 (3°27´08.4˝ S, 72°29´11.8˝ W). A. Left side. B. Right side reversed.
Fig. 2 in A new highly apomorphic species of Bujurquina (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from a reverse flowing river in the Peruvian Amazon, with a key to the species in the genus
Fig. 2. Representative live specimens of the valid species of Bujurquina Kullander, 1986 (plus B. sp. Bolivia) in the Southern group (no photo of a live specimen of B. cordemadi Kullander, 1986 is available and we are not aware that the species has ever been reliably identified and photographed alive).
Fig. 7 in A new highly apomorphic species of Bujurquina (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from a reverse flowing river in the Peruvian Amazon, with a key to the species in the genus
Fig. 7. Bujurquina omagua sp. nov., paratypes. A. MUSM 70223, P18-16_1186, 92.6 mm. B. MUSM 70222, P18-16_1185, 79.9 mm. C. MUSM 70221, P18-15_1182, 78.7 mm. D. MUSM 70226, P18- 17_1190, 98.9 mm. E. MUSM 70229, P18-21_1200. F. MUSM 70227, P18-17_1191, 69.7 mm. G. MUSM 70228, P18-17_1192, 77.1 mm.
Fig. 1 in A new highly apomorphic species of Bujurquina (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from a reverse flowing river in the Peruvian Amazon, with a key to the species in the genus
Fig. 1. Distribution and the two main groups of species of Bujurquina Kullander, 1986. Shown with red dotted lines are main geographic drainage basin divides (structural arches) of the western Amazon. Red arrows show the two main subducting ridges responsible for the origin of the formation of the structural arches of the western Amazon. All species were included in morphological analyses, species with an asterisk were also available for molecular analyses. Stars denote type localities for valid species.
Fig. 4 in A new highly apomorphic species of Bujurquina (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from a reverse flowing river in the Peruvian Amazon, with a key to the species in the genus
Fig. 4. Representative live specimens of the valid species of Bujurquina Kullander, 1986 in the Northern group including the newly described species B. omagua sp. nov.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.