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1,047 results for “constraint”
Gridded Dataset for the Southern Ocean with a Topographic Constraint Scheme
<p>This study investigated a method for creating a climatological dataset with improved reproducibility and reliability for the Southern Ocean. Despite sparse observational sampling, the Southern Ocean has a dominant physical characteristic of a strong topographic constraint formed under weak stratification and strong Coriolis effect. To increase the fidelity of gridded data, the topographic constraint is incorporated into the interpolation method, the weighting function of which includes a contribution from bottom depth differences and horizontal distances. Spatial variability of physical properties was also analyzed to estimate a realistic decorrelation scale for horizontal distance and bottom depth differences using hydrographic datasets. A new gridded dataset, the topographic constraint incorporated (TCI), was then developed for temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen, using the newly derived weighting function and decorrelation scales. The root-meansquare (RMS) of the difference between the interpolated values and the neighboring observed values (RMS difference) was compared among available gridded datasets. That the RMS differences are smaller for the TCI than for the previous datasets by 12%–21% and 8%–20% for potential temperature and salinity, respectively, demonstrates the effectiveness of incorporating the topographic constraint and realistic decorrelation scales. Furthermore, a comparison of decorrelation scales and an analysis of interpolation error suggests that the decorrelation scales adopted in previous gridded datasets are 2 times or more larger than realistic scales and that the overestimation would increase the interpolation error. The interpolation method proposed in this study can be applied to other high-latitude oceans, which are weakly stratified but undersampled.</p>
Magnesium isotope constraints on the Holocene hydromagnesite formation in alkaline Lake Dujiali, central Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
<p>This dataset contains the following nice Tables:</p> <p>1. Table S-1 Mineralogical compositions of hydromagnesite and lake sediments.</p> <p>2. Table S-2 Mg isotope and Sr data of Dujiali Lake.</p> <p>3. Table S-3 Chemical compositions of waters in Dujiali lake. </p> <p>4. Table S-4 The compilation of small rivers draining only ultramafic rocks.</p> <p>5. Table S-5 The compilation of Mg/Ca ratios (mol/mol) of alkaline lakes in the world.</p> <p>6. Table S-6 The compilation of δ 26Mg in river waters, groundwater, soil water and hydromagnesite.</p> <p>7. Table S-7 The major elements compositions of lake sediments and hydromagensite.</p> <p>8. Table S-8 Model input parameters.</p> <p>9. Table S-9: Model parameters.</p>
Data from: Sexual selection, feather wear, and time constraints on the pre-basic molt explain the acquisition of the pre-alternate molt in European passerines
<p><span>Avian feathers need to be replaced periodically to fulfill their functions, with natural, social, and sexual selection presumably driving the evolution of molting strategies. In temperate birds, a common pattern is to molt feathers immediately after the breeding season, the pre-basic molt. However, some species undergo another molt in winter-spring, the pre-alternate molt. Using a sample of 188 European passerine species, Bayesian phylogenetic mixed models, and correlated evolution analyses, we tested whether the occurrence of the pre-alternate molt was positively associated with proxies for sexual selection (sexual selection hypothesis) and non-sexual social selection (social selection hypothesis) and with factors related to feather wear (feather wear hypothesis) and time constraints on the pre-basic molt (time constraints hypothesis). We found that the pre-alternate molt was more frequent in migratory and less gregarious species inhabiting open/xeric habitats and feeding on the wing, and marginally more frequent in species with strong sexual selection and those showing a winter territorial behavior. Moreover, an increase in migratory behavior and sexual selection intensity preceded the acquisition of the pre-alternate molt. These results provide support for the feather wear hypothesis, partial support for the sexual selection and time constraints hypotheses, and no support for the social selection hypothesis.</span></p>
Dataset for the manuscript: Phylogenetic and functional constraints of plant facilitation rewiring. ECOLOGY
<p>The following directory contains the data necessary to replicate the results obtained in the manuscript entitled: <strong>Phylogenetic and functional constraints of plant facilitation rewiring</strong></p> <p>We provided two spreadsheets containing the data "Adult species data" and "Interactions data.xlsx". Each archive contains a readme textbox with detailed information on the variables included in the archives</p>
Early snow melt and diverging thermal constraints control body size in arctic-alpine spiders
<p><span>To predict species' responses to a rapidly changing environment, it is necessary to detect current clines of life-history traits and understand their drivers. We studied body size variation, a key trait in evolutionary biology, of two arctic-alpine lycosid spiders and underlying mechanisms controlling this variation. We used long time-series data of body size sampled in Norway, augmented with museum data. Individuals of both species sampled in areas and years with longer snow-free periods grew larger than individuals in areas and years with shorter snow-free periods. </span><span>Interestingly, temperatures under 0° C led to a larger body size in Pardosa palustris, while temperatures above 0 °C led to a larger body size in Pardosa hyperborea. We assume that P. palustris, as the generally larger species, is less sensitive to environmental variability and cold temperatures, because it can retain more energy than a smaller species can and, therefore, can invest more resources in its offspring. With rising temperatures, both species might profit from a higher resource availability. In a rapidly changing arctic-alpine environment, alterations in the life-history traits and adaptation strategies of spiders are expected, which, regarding body size, seem to be highly influenced by early snowmelt and diverging thermal constraints.</span></p>
Data for: A general framework for modelling thermal and hydric constraints on eggs developing in soil
<p>Data files to reproduce all the figures and appendices of "A general framework for modelling thermal and hydric constraints on eggs developing in soil".</p>
Simulation input files and analysis scripts for "Optimal bond-constraint topology for molecular dynamics simulations of cholesterol"
<p>Simulation input files and analysis scripts for "Optimal bond-constraint topology for molecular dynamics simulations of cholesterol".</p> <p>See ... for details.</p>
Data and analysis for: Differential effects of ankle constraints on foot placement control between normal and split belt treadmills
<p>Here we compared the effect of ankle moment constraints (LesSchuh; a shoe with a narrow ridge along the length of the shoe's sole), on a single and a split-belt treadmill. To this end we considered the foot placement model as proposed by Wang and Srinivasan (2014), and used the R^2 of this model as an outcome measure. In addition, step width, stride frequency and toe-out angles have been computed. The results have been written up in our publication in the journal of biomechanics.<br> <br> Wang, Y., & Srinivasan, M. (2014). Stepping in the direction of the fall: the next foot placement can be predicted from current upper body state in steady-state walking. <em>Biology letters</em>, <em>10</em>(9), 20140405.</p>
Data for "Constraints on the Martian Crust Away From the InSight Landing Site"
<p>Attached are the datasets generated during the analysis of the manuscript "Constraints on the Martian Crust Away From the InSight Landing Site" published in Nature Communications.</p>
Supplementary material 4 from: Connolly BM, Powers J, Mack RN (2017) Biotic constraints on the establishment and performance of native, naturalized, and invasive plants in Pacific Northwest (USA) steppe and forest. NeoBiota 34: 21-40. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.34.10820
Table S4–S7 : Explanation note: MANOVA GLM results for seedling establishment and performance measures.
Supplementary material 3 from: Connolly BM, Powers J, Mack RN (2017) Biotic constraints on the establishment and performance of native, naturalized, and invasive plants in Pacific Northwest (USA) steppe and forest. NeoBiota 34: 21-40. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.34.10820
Table S2–S3, Figures S2–S3 : Explanation note: Generalized mixed model output and summary graphs using species, rather than plant immigration class, as a fixed factor in models assessing plant establishment counts and individual plant growth.
Supplementary material 2 from: Connolly BM, Powers J, Mack RN (2017) Biotic constraints on the establishment and performance of native, naturalized, and invasive plants in Pacific Northwest (USA) steppe and forest. NeoBiota 34: 21-40. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.34.10820
Methods S1 and Figure S1 : Explanation note: Protocol and results figure summarizing light transmittance in disturbed vs. undisturbed plots in PNW steppe and forest.
Supplementary Material for the Paper "Optimizing Workday Planning Based on Time and Productivity Constraints"
<p>This repository contains the (anonymized) supplementary material for our paper. This includes the survey questions we asked, as well as a video and screenshots of DayO.</p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong>: Planning one’s workday was shown to be positively related to increased control of time, work and life satisfaction, and<br> performance. However, planning for an efficient workday is challenging, due to the high complexity of tasks that knowledge<br> workers have to perform and the many constraints that influence their plan. Few planning tools actively support users with the task scheduling process, but they do not take into account these time and productivity constraints. Hence, we have devised an automated task scheduling approach that recommends an optimized workday plan, by considering constraints such as task characteristics (e.g., difficulty, deadline, importance), scheduled appointments, the current stress level and sleep quality from the previous night. A preliminary analysis of the approach, using DayO as a technology probe in situ, showed that participants found the idea<br> very promising, but a real-world application would additionally require further support to reduce the cognitive burden of planning and would let users to adapt their schedules interactively, when constraints change throughout a workday.</p>
Pollination-related plant traits under environmental changes: seasonal and daily mismatches produce temporal constraints
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Dataset and code for 'Signal to Noise Ratio and Spectral Sampling Constraints on Olivine Detection and Compositional Determination in the Intermediate Infrared Region'
<p>Feature fitting code and spectra of olivine samples used in paper "<em>Signal to Noise Ratio and Spectral Sampling Constraints on Olivine Detection and Compositional Determination in the Intermediate Infrared Region: Applications in Planetary Sciences</em>"</p>
Artifact for InferType: A Compiler Toolkit for Implementing Efficient Constraint-Based Type Inference
<p>This is the artifact for the paper,</p> <p>InferType: A Compiler Toolkit for Implementing Efficient Constraint-Based Type Inference.</p> <p> </p> <p>It contains:</p> <p>+ infertype.tar: a saved docker image</p> <p>+ artifact.zip: this artifact including all the materials</p> <p>+ readme.md: a document for the included materials</p>
Zircon constraints on the eruptive sequence and magma evolution of rhyolites at South Sister volcano, Oregon
<p>This is the repository for data used for analysis in “Zircon constraints on the eruptive sequence and magma evolution of rhyolites at South Sister volcano, Oregon” submitted to Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. There are four datafiles. Dechert_TableS1.xlsx includes rock sample unit information and locations. Dechert_TableS2.xlsx includes the <sup>230</sup>Th-<sup>238</sup>U isotope ratios as collected with the Stanford-USGS SHRIMP-RG, the isochron model slope and ages, and the Boehnke model slope and ages (Boehnke et al., 2016). Dechert_TableS3.xlsx includes the trace element and rare earth element concentrations collected with the Stanford-USGS SHRIMP-RG. Dechert_TableS4.xlsx records whole rock data for a split of the zircon rock samples collected at Hamilton Analytical Lab and Washington State University.</p>
Xenolith Constraints on Lithospheric Architecture and Mantle Geochemistry of Australia
<p>Compilation of new and previously analysed mantle-derived clinopyroxenes and garnets from kimberlites, lamproites and related rocks from across Australia. </p>
Extended Data Tables: Experimental constraints on Fe and S redox equilibria and kinetics in basaltic melt inclusions
<p>This record contains the Extended Data for the manuscript entitled: Experimental constraints on Fe and S redox equilibria and kinetics in basaltic melt inclusions."</p>
Fig. 4 in Strong phylogenetic constraint on transition metal incorporation in the mandibles of the hyper-diverse Hymenoptera (Insecta)
Fig. 4 Phylogenetic tree mapping the larval development site (LDS) (0 = unconcealed, 1 = concealed) for each taxon analyzed in this study. The circle with a picture of a species developing in a concealed site (the apoid wasp Stizus continuus (Crabronidae), emerging from its nest) marks the ancestral state for Apocrita, while the circle with a question mark indicate the unclear ancestral state for Hymenoptera. The histogram in the lower part of the figure show the distribution of cases for a given rank of Zn, for species with either LDS type
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.