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opencc-zeroAug 2023View details →

Understanding the effects of stress on the P300 response during naturalistic simulation of heights exposure

Stress is a prevalent bodily response universally experienced and significantly affects a person's mental and cognitive state. The P300 response is a commonly observed brain behaviour that provides insight into a person's cognitive state. Previous works have documented the effects of stress on the P300 behaviour; however, only a few have explored the performance in a mobile and naturalistic experimental setup. Our study examined the effects of stress on the human brain's P300 behaviour through a height exposure experiment that incorporates complex visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive stimuli. A more complex sensory environment could produce translatable findings toward real-world behaviour and benefit emerging technologies such as brain-computer interfaces. Seventeen participants experienced our experiment that elicited the stress response through physical and virtual height exposure. We found two unique groups within our participants that exhibited contrasting behavioural performance and P300 target reaction response when in a stressed state (when walking at heights). One group performed worse when stressed and exhibited a significant decrease in parietal P300 peak amplitude and increased beta and gamma power. Contrarily, the group less affected by stress exhibited a change in their N170 peak amplitude and alpha/mu rhythms desynchronisation. The findings of our study suggest that a more individualised approach to assessing a person's behaviour performance under stress can aid in understanding P300 performance when experiencing stress.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2023View details →

MITF/miR-579-3p novel regulatory axis controls BRAF-mutated melanoma decision between cell senescence or progression upon exposure to MAPK inhibitors.

Abstract Therapy of metastatic melanoma has improved dramatically over the last years thanks to the development of targeted therapies (MAPK inhibitors) and immunotherapies. However, drug resistance continues to be a major limitation to the efficacy of these therapies. Our research group has provided robust evidence as to the involvement of a set of microRNAs in the development of resistance to target therapy in BRAF-mutated melanoma cell lines. Among them, a pivotal role is played by miR-579-3p, whose role as oncosuppressor was discovered by our group some years ago. Here we show that miR-579-3p and the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) influence reciprocally their expression through positive feedback regulatory loops. In particular we show that miR-579-3p is specifically deregulated in BRAF-mutant melanomas and that its expression levels mirror those of MITF. Luciferase and ChIP studies show that MITF is a positive regulator of miR-579-3p, which is located in the intron 11 of the human gene ZFR (Zink-finger recombinase) and is co-transcribed with its host gene. Moreover, miR-579-3p, by targeting BRAF is able to stabilize MITF protein thus inducing its own transcription. As a consequence, upon exposure to MAPK inhibitors or, alternatively upon miR-579-3p transfection, the activation of this newly uncovered miR-579-3p/MITF axis induces a potent block of proliferation and senescence of BRAF-mutant melanoma cells. Moreover, the long term development of resistance to MAPKi is able to select cells characterized by the loss of both miR-579-3p and MITF and the same down-regulation is also present in patients relapsing after targeted therapies treatments. Altogether these findings suggest that miR-579-3p/MITF interplay potentially governs the balance between proliferation, senescence and resistance to target therapies in BRAF-mutant melanomas. KEYWORDS: Acknowledgements This study was supported by Italian Association for Cancer Research (AIRC) grants IG19865 to G. Ciliberto and IG24451 to R. Mancini and by the Lazio Innova grants 2018 n. 85-2017-13750 and 2020 n. A0375-2020-36657 to R. Mancini and by Italian Minister of Health grant PRIN 2017 (Prot. 2017HWTP2K) to G. Ciliberto and R. Mancini, by Italian Minister of Health through “Ricerca Corrente” grant L2/1 to P.A. Ascierto. The study was also supported by Lega Italiana per la Lotta ai Tumori (LILT) grant n. 2021U0001637 to L. Fattore. We thank all patients who donated samples for this research.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2023View details →

TBT exposure dataset of the manuscript "Assessment of endocrine disruptors effects on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos by untargeted LC-HRMS metabolomic analysis"

Raw LC-HRMS data of the TBT exposure of zebrafish embryos (for more details see https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.369) The exposure protocol involved zebrafish embryos exposed in groups of 20 to various concentrations of chemical compounds, with five replicates per treatment. The concentrations ranged from the lowest observed effect concentrations (LOECs) to control levels. After exposure, embryos were collected, washed, frozen, and stored. Metabolites were extracted from individual embryo pools using methanol and methionine sulfone. The extraction process included vortexing, sonication, and centrifugation, followed by addition of water and chloroform. The aqueous fraction was dried and reconstituted using acetonitrile-water solution. Liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) was used for analysis. Chromatographic separations were carried out on a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) column. Mass spectrometry was performed using an Orbitrap mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization in positive and negative modes. The mass spectra were acquired at high resolution, and fragmentation scans were used for metabolite identification. The overall process aimed to analyze the metabolomic profile of zebrafish embryos exposed to different chemical concentrations. Data files <blockquote> TBT ESI+ (tbt_pos.rar) - CDF files - QC (4 replicates) - Control (5 replicates) - TBT 3 nM (5 replicates) - TBT 10 nM (5 replicates) - TBT 30 nM (5 replicates) - TBT 100 nM (5 replicates) </blockquote>   <blockquote> TBT ESI- (tbt_neg.rar) - CDF files - QC (6 replicates) - Control (5 replicates) - TBT 3 nM (5 replicates) - TBT 10 nM (5 replicates) - TBT 30 nM (5 replicates) - TBT 100 nM (5 replicates) </blockquote>

Supplemental data for the publication: "The Role of Vitamin D in Emiliania huxleyi: A Microalgal Perspective on UV-B Exposure"

The following table contains raw transcriptomic data of Emiliania huxleyi CCMP3266 grown under continuous UV radiation or control conditions for 7, 10, and 13 days, obtained using the MARS-seq protocol (Keren-Shaul H. et al. 2013) Column A - Gene ID (Sperfeld M. et al. 2023) Column B - NCBI accession number Columns C - T: raw read counts Columns U - AL: normalized read counts Columns AM - BD: rlog transform read counts Columns BE - FB: Every 6 columns represent differential expression data between two treatments (time point or UV/nonUV) Columns FC - FK: Functional annotations automatically generated, as previously described (Sperfeld M. et al. 2023)

Reconciling chemical flame retardant exposure and fire risk in domestic furniture: supplemental materials

Materials necessary for the replication and development of methods for modelling fire risk and chemical flame retardant exposure as described in the manuscript. [Manuscript in review, link to be added when available.]

A suspended hot drop of 1,3-propanediol with 4.1 mm base diameter, 190oC core temperature, and approaching air flow at 0.34 m/s, recorded at 10,000 fps and 99 ms exposure time, with default video playback speed 30 fps

A suspended hot drop of 1,3-propanediol with 4.1 mm base diameter, 190oC core temperature, and approaching air flow at 0.34 m/s, recorded at 10,000 fps and 99 ms exposure time, with default video playback speed 30 fps

Supplemental data for the publication: "The Role of Vitamin D in Emiliania huxleyi: A Microalgal Perspective on UV-B Exposure"

The following table contains raw transcriptomic data of Emiliania huxleyi CCMP3266 grown under continuous UV radiation or control conditions for 7, 10, and 13 days, obtained using the MARS-seq protocol (Keren-Shaul H. et al. 2013) Column A: E. huxleyi CCMP3266 gene locus IDs Column B: E. huxleyi CCMP3266 representative gene transcripts Columns C: Best matching transcripts in E. huxleyi CCMP1516 Columns D - U: Raw read counts Columns V - AM: DESew2 normalized read counts Columns AN - BE: rlog transformed read counts. Columns BF - FC: Each block of 6 columns represents the results of the differential gene expression analysis between two treatments (time point or UV/nonUV). Columns FD - FJ: Functional annotations

opencc-zeroSep 2023View details →

Morphological and transcriptomic responses/acclimations of erect-type submerged macrophyte Hydrilla verticillata both at low-light exposure and light recovery phases

Light intensity is a determinant for submerged macrophytes. Little is known about their molecular responses to low-light exposure, despite being more informative and responsive than morphological traits. For erect-type submerged macrophytes, the stem is more crucial relative to the leaf in acclimation to low-light stress, but receives less attention. We determined morphological and stem transcriptomic responses/acclimations of Hydrilla verticillata to extremely and mildly low light (7.2 and 36 μmol photons m–2 s–1, respectively), i.e. EL and ML, with the radiation intensity of 180 μmol photons m–2 s–1 as the control. Low-light exposure continued for nine days, followed by a seven-day recovery phase (180 μmol photons m–2 s–1). At the exposure phase, the low-light treatments, in particular the EL, decreased relative growth ratio, but induced greater height and longer stem internode distance and epidermal cell. Such responses/acclimations continued into the recovery phase, despite more or less changes in the magnitude. Transcriptome showed that the photosynthetic system was inhibited at the exposure phase, but the macrophyte adjusted hormone synthesis relating to cell division and elongation. Moreover, the EL activated cell stress responses such as DNA repair. Following light recovery, the macrophyte exhibited strong-light response, although energy metabolism enhanced. Especially, the EL-enriched pathways relating to anthocyanin synthesis at such phase, indicating an activation of photoprotective mechanism. Our findings suggest that negative influences of low light occur at both low-light exposure and recovery phases, but submerged macrophytes would acclimate to light environments. Transcriptome can show the molecular basis of plant responses/acclimations, including but not limited to morphology. This study establishes a bridge connecting morphological and molecular responses/acclimations.

opencc-zeroSep 2023View details →

Early-life exposures to diet soda and aspartame are associated with autism in males

Since its introduction, aspartame—the leading sweetener in U.S. diet sodas (DS)—has been reported to cause neurological problems in some users. In prospective studies, the offspring of mothers who consumed diet sodas/beverages (DSB) daily during pregnancy experienced increased health problems. We hypothesized that gestational/early-life exposure to ≥1 DS/day (DSearly) or equivalent aspartame (ASPearly: ≥177 mg/day) increases autism risk. The case-control Autism Tooth Fairy Study obtained retrospective dietary recalls for DSB and aspartame consumption during pregnancy/breastfeeding from the mothers of 235 offspring with autism spectrum disorder (ASD: cases) and 121 neurotypically developing offspring (controls). The exposure odds ratios (ORs) for DSearly and ASPearly were computed for autism, ASD, and the non-regressive conditions of each. Among males, DSearly odds were tripled among autism (OR = 3.1; 95% CI: 1.02, 9.7) and non-regressive autism (OR = 3.5; 95% CI: 1.1, 11.1) cases; ASPearly odds were even higher: OR = 3.4 (95% CI: 1.1, 10.4) and 3.7 (95% CI: 1.2, 11.8), respectively, among autism and non-regressive autism cases (p < 0.05 for each). ORs for non-regressive ASD in males were almost tripled but were not statistically significant: DSearly OR = 2.7 (95% CI: 0.9, 8.4); ASPearly OR = 2.9 (95% CI: 0.9, 8.8). No statistically significant associations were found in females. Our findings contribute to the growing literature raising concerns about potential offspring harm from maternal DSB/aspartame intake in pregnancy.

opencc-zeroOct 2023View details →

Overcoming the congenitally disadvantageous mutation through adaptation to environmental UV exposure in land snails

Congenital fitness-disadvantageous mutations are not maintained in the population; they are purged from the population through processes such as purifying selection. However, these mutations could persist in the population as polymorphisms when it is advantageous for the individuals carrying them to adapt to a specific external environment. We tested this hypothesis using the dimorphic land snail Euhadra peliomphala simodae in Japan; these snails have dark or bright-coloured shells. The survival rate of dark snails at hatching was lower than that of the bright ones, as observed in the F1 progenies produced through crossing. Dark snails have a congenital fitness-disadvantageous mutation; however, they also have protection against ultraviolet radiation. They have a higher survival rate than the bright snails in a UV environment, as observed using the UV exposure experiments and UV transmittance measurements. This is a good example of a congenitally disadvantageous mutation that is advantageous for adapting to the external environment. These results explain the maintenance of polymorphism and highlight the genotypic and phenotypic diversity in the wild population.

The New Empowerment After eXposure to Trauma (NEXT) Study

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07175025. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.

Improving the Efficacy of Exposure Therapy for the Treatment of Cockroach Phobia

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04563403. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.

restrictedIPD-UNDECIDEDFeb 2026View details →

Efficacy and Safety of 100IR, 300IR, 500IR Sublingual House Dust Mite Tablets in Allergic Rhinitis Environment Exposure Chamber Model

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01527188. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.

Effectiveness of a multicOmpoNent Behavioural intervenTion to Reduce endocrINe disrUptor Exposure During pErinatal Period (CONTINUE)

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07142447. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.

restrictedIPD-UNDECIDEDFeb 2026View details →

Group B Streptococcus Response After Probiotic Exposure

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04721912. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.

Evaluation the Impact of the "Pas" Technique Versus the "Standard" Technique on Radiation Exposure

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06918197. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.

Study Understanding Pre-Exposure pRophylaxis of NOVel Antibodies (SUPERNOVA) Sub-study: Study Understanding Pre-Exposure pRophylaxis of NOVel Antibodies (SUPERNOVA) Sub-study

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05648110. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 18. Publications: 21.

Peer Counselling to Reduce Psychological Distress and Exposure to Violence Among Sexual and Gender Minorities

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06979193. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.

Oral Pazopanib Plus Oral Topotecan Metronomic Antiangiogenic Therapy for Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme (A) Without Prior Bevacizumab Exposure and (B) After Failing Prior Bevacizumab

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01931098. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.

Amnioinfusion's Protective Effects on Respiratory and Longitudinal Pediatric Outcomes After Intrapartum Thick Meconium Exposure

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07274527. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.