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Fig. 7 in A redescription of TraCheloSaUrUS fiSCheri from the Buntsandstein (Middle Triassic) of Bernburg, Germany: the first European DinoCephaloSaUrUS-like marine reptile and its systematic implications for long-necked early

Fig. 7 Close-ups of selected dorsal and sacral vertebrae and ribs of Trachelosaurus fischeri. A Anterior and mid-dorsal vertebrae (elements a-o). B Posterior dorsal vertebrae (elements s-u). C Anteriormost dorsal rib. D Posteriormost dorsal vertebrae and sacral vertebrae. Abbreviations: cap, capitulum; ce, centrum; diap, diapophysis; lam, lamina; na, neural arch; nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; pap, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; podl, postzygodiapophyseal lamina; poz, postzygapophysis; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; rf, rib facet; rug, rugosity; sv, sacral vertebra; tub, tuberculum; tvp, transverse process

Fig. 9 in A redescription of TraCheloSaUrUS fiSCheri from the Buntsandstein (Middle Triassic) of Bernburg, Germany: the first European DinoCephaloSaUrUS-like marine reptile and its systematic implications for long-necked early

Fig. 9 Close-ups of the appendicular elements of Trachelosaurus fischeri. A Right ilium in lateral view and tentatively identified metetarsal. B Left femur in ventral view. C Right (?) pubis in medial(?) view. Abbreviations: ac, acetabulum; af, articular facet; cv, cervical vertebra; for, foramen; ilb, iliac blade; isp, ischial peduncle; itt, internal trochanter; mt, metatarsal; pac, postacetabular process; pfo, pubic foramen; pup, pubic peduncle

Fig. 3 in A redescription of TraCheloSaUrUS fiSCheri from the Buntsandstein (Middle Triassic) of Bernburg, Germany: the first European DinoCephaloSaUrUS-like marine reptile and its systematic implications for long-necked early

Fig. 3 Overview of MLU.GeoS.1612. A–B preserving the majority of the presacral vertebrae and appendicular elements. Cervical vertebrae are indicated with capitalised letters, dorsal and sacral vertebrae are indicated with lower case letters, blue dots indicate bifurcated cervical ribs. The element indicated with an asterisk represents a badly broken cervical vertebra, which could be identified based on plate 31 of Broili and Fischer (1918). The two ribs indicated with † and ‡, respectively, correspond to those listed in Table 4. Abbreviations: aue, autopodial element; cav, caudal vertebra; fe, femur; fr v, fragmentary vertebra; il, ilium; mt, metatarsal; sv, sacral vertebra

Fig. 6 in A redescription of TraCheloSaUrUS fiSCheri from the Buntsandstein (Middle Triassic) of Bernburg, Germany: the first European DinoCephaloSaUrUS-like marine reptile and its systematic implications for long-necked early

Fig. 6 Close-ups of selected cervical vertebrae and ribs of Trachelosaurus fischeri. A Anteriormost preserved cervical vertebrae (elements A–C), including the tentatively identified axis and possible atlantal elements. B Cervical ribs with bifurcating distal ends. C Mid-cervical vertebrae (elements L–N). Abbreviations: at, atlantal element; atna, atlantal neural arch; atr, atlantal rib, axc, axis centrum; axna, axis neural arch; cap, capitulum; cv, cervical vertebra; cvr, cervical rib; diap, diapophysis; epp, epipophysis; feap, free-ending anterior process; fs, fish scale; lam, lamina; ns, neural spine; pap, parapophysis; pdp, posterodorsal process; poz, postzygapophysis; prz, prezygapophysis; pvp, posteroventral process; rug, rugosity; tub, tuberculum

Fig. 2 in A redescription of TraCheloSaUrUS fiSCheri from the Buntsandstein (Middle Triassic) of Bernburg, Germany: the first European DinoCephaloSaUrUS-like marine reptile and its systematic implications for long-necked early

Fig. 2 Overview of MLU.GeoS.1612 and its sedimentary features. A, Historical label on the slab. B, Overview of MLU.GeoS.1612, the holotype of Trachelosaurus fischeri; the bracketed lower case letters correspond to the different slabs of which the specimen is composed. The asterisks (*) indicate tetrapod footprints preserved on the slabs. C–D Slab in cross-section, with trough cross-lamination (C) and the two intervals with an arrow pointing at their boundary (D). E Sinuous and ramified structures on the top surface (opposite to the surface preserving bones and footprints), including a close-up on the right. F Round structures. G Squared structure. H Tetrapod footprint (left manus) previously mentioned in Broili and Fischer (1918). Structures in F–H are in convex hyporelief, and their location is marked with matching upper case letters on the overview of the specimen in B

Fig. 7 in A new pachypleurosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Middle Triassic of southwestern China and its phylogenetic and biogeographic implications

Fig. 7 Right hindlimb of Dianmeisaurus mutaensis sp. nov. (HFUT MT-21-08-001). A photo; B interpreted drawing. as, astragalus; d, digit; f, femur; fi, fibula; il, ilium; ti, tibia. Scale bars equal 1 mm

Fig. 8 in A new pachypleurosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Middle Triassic of southwestern China and its phylogenetic and biogeographic implications

Fig. 8 Strict consensus tree showing phylogenetic relationships of eosauropterygians. Bootstrap values over 50% (with 1000 replicates) are indicated in the tree

Fig. 11 in A redescription of TraCheloSaUrUS fiSCheri from the Buntsandstein (Middle Triassic) of Bernburg, Germany: the first European DinoCephaloSaUrUS-like marine reptile and its systematic implications for long-necked early

Fig. 11 Skeletal reconstruction of Trachelosaurus fischeri and comparison with other long-necked, aquatic tanysaurians. A Skeletal reconstruction and interpretive silhouette of Trachelosaurus fischeri in left lateral view and anteroposterior view of the mid-anterior portion of the torso (reconstructions by E. M.); based on the elements preserved on MLU.GeoS.1612. B Comparison of Trachelosaurus fischeri with Dinocephalosaurus orientalis (from Spiekman et al., 2024; reconstruction by S. N. F. S.), Tanystropheus hydroides, and Tanystropheus longobardicus (both from Spiekman et al., 2020a; reconstructions by Beat Scheffold); the outline of a 170-cm-tall human in scuba diving equipment is used to indicate the scale

Fig. 4 in A new pachypleurosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Middle Triassic of southwestern China and its phylogenetic and biogeographic implications

Fig. 4 Pectoral region of Dianmeisaurus mutaensis sp. nov. (HFUT MT-21-08-001). A photo; B interpreted drawing. cl, clavicle; cv23, 23rd cervical vertebra; dv1, 1st dorsal vertebra; h, humerus; sc, scapula. Scale bars equal 1 mm

Fig. 3 in A new pachypleurosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Middle Triassic of southwestern China and its phylogenetic and biogeographic implications

Fig. 3 The skull of Dianmeisaurus mutaensis sp. nov. (HFUT MT-21-08-001). A photo; B, interpreted drawing. an, angular; ar, articular; ata, atlas arch; atc, atlas centrum; axc, axial centrum; bo, basioccipital; c3, 3rd cervical centrum; d, dentary; eo-op, exoccipital-opisthotic complex; f, frontal; fo, fontanelle; j, jugal; m, maxilla; n, nasal; p, parietal; par, prearticular; pm, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pof, postfrontal; prf, prefrontal; q, quadrate; r3, 3rd cervical rib; sa, surangular; so, supraoccipital; sq, squamosal. The red arrow marks the pit on the premaxilla-maxilla suture. Scale bars equal 1 mm

Fig. 1 in A new pachypleurosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Middle Triassic of southwestern China and its phylogenetic and biogeographic implications

Fig. 1 The geologic map showing the quarry where Dianmeisaurus mutaensis sp. nov. (HFUT MT-21-08-001) was discovered (updated after Hu & Liu, 2022). E, Palaeogene; T2-3f, Falang Formation, Ladinian-Carnian, Middle-Late Triassic;T2y, Yangliujing Formation, Anisian-Ladinian, Middle Triassic; T g2, Upper Member of Guanling Formation, Anisian, Middle Triassic;T g1, Lower Member of Guanling Formation, Anisian, Middle Triassic; T, Lower 2 2 1 Triassic

Fig. 6 in A new pachypleurosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Middle Triassic of southwestern China and its phylogenetic and biogeographic implications

Fig. 6 Sacral region of Dianmeisaurus mutaensis sp. nov. (HFUT MT-21-08-001). A photo; B interpreted drawing. cav, caudal vertebra; dr, dorsal rib; dv, dorsal vertebra; fi, fibula; il, ilium; is, ischium; pu, pubis; sr, sacral rib; sv, sacral vertebra. Scale bars equal 1 mm

Fig. 2 in A new pachypleurosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Middle Triassic of southwestern China and its phylogenetic and biogeographic implications

Fig. 2 The holotype of Dianmeisaurus mutaensis sp. nov. (HFUT MT-21-08-001). A the skeleton in dorsal view; B the counterpart of A (natural mold). Scale bars equal 1 cm

Fig. 5 in The early fossil record of Caturoidea (Halecomorphi: Amiiformes): biogeographic implications

Fig. 5 Simplified global paleogeograhic reconstruction during the Late Jurassic, based on Scotese (2014: Map 35, Oxfordian) showing potential dispersal routes of caturoids through the Hispanic Corridor. Stars represent the only known records of caturoids outside Europe: 1, "Caturus" dartoni Eastman, 1899, from the lower Sundance Formation in South Dakota (Bathonian); 2, Caturus deani Gregory, 1923, from the Jagua Formation of Cuba (Oxfordian); 3, Catutoichthys olsacheri and Caturoidea sp. from the Vaca Muerta Formation of Argentina (Tithonian)

Fig. 5 in A new pachypleurosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Middle Triassic of southwestern China and its phylogenetic and biogeographic implications

Fig. 5 Right forelimb of Dianmeisaurus mutaensis sp. nov. (HFUT MT-21-08-001). A photo; B interpreted drawing. d, digit; eng, entepicondylar groove; h, humerus; r, radius; sc, scapula; u, ulna. Scale bars equal 1 mm

Fig. 8 in A redescription of TraCheloSaUrUS fiSCheri from the Buntsandstein (Middle Triassic) of Bernburg, Germany: the first European DinoCephaloSaUrUS-like marine reptile and its systematic implications for long-necked early

Fig. 8 Close-up of the proximal caudal region and partial gastral basket of Trachelosaurus fischeri. The caudal centra marked with α, β, and γ correspond to the elements that are indicated the same in Table 5. Abbreviations: cac, caudal centrum; car, caudal rib; cav, caudal vertebra; gas, gastralia; prz, prezygapophysis; sv, sacral vertebra; tp, transverse process

Fig. 2 Specimen MPCA 632 in The early fossil record of Caturoidea (Halecomorphi: Amiiformes): biogeographic implications

Fig. 2 Specimen MPCA 632 from the Jurassic of Neuquén, Argentina: a, fossil of Caturidae sp., including disarticulated skull bones described in Bogan et al. (2013); b, corresponding inventory card of the Museo Carlos Ameghino (MPCA)

Fig. 1 in The early fossil record of Caturoidea (Halecomorphi: Amiiformes): biogeographic implications

Fig. 1 Geographical setting: a, general location; b, simplified map showing outcrops of the Mendoza and Los Menucos groups in the provinces of Neuquén and Río Negro. Outcrops of the Mendoza Group are redrawn from the regional scheme in the geological map HG 3969-I Zapala (Leanza et al., 2001). Outcrops of the Los Menucos Group are redrawn from the regional scheme (esquema regional) in the geological map HG 4169-II Los Menucos (Cuchi et al., 2001)

Fig. 3 in The early fossil record of Caturoidea (Halecomorphi: Amiiformes): biogeographic implications

Fig. 3 Nannoflora identified in the sediment of MPCA 632: Cyclagelosphaera margerelii (1–4), Crepidolithus sp. (5–6), Watznaueria barnesiae (7–8), Polycostella beckmannii (9–12), Watznaueria britannica (13), Watznaueria fossacincta (14), Watznaueria biporta (15–16)

Fig. 4 in A redescription of TraCheloSaUrUS fiSCheri from the Buntsandstein (Middle Triassic) of Bernburg, Germany: the first European DinoCephaloSaUrUS-like marine reptile and its systematic implications for long-necked early

Fig. 4 Overview of MLU.GeoS.1612.C-G, preserving the cranial and proximal caudal remains, as well as a tentatively identified pubis and partial gastral basket. The rib marked with †‡ corresponds to the rib that is indicated the same in Table 4. Abbreviations: car, caudal rib; cav, caudal vertebra; dr, dorsal rib; fisc, fish scales; fr v, fragmentary vertebra; gas, gastralia; na, nasal; pmx, premaxilla; po, postorbital; pof, postfrontal; pub, pubis