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1,024 results for “mosquitoes”
FIGURE 8 in Identification key to the genera of adult female mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of Singapore
FIGURE 8. (A) Orthopodomyia sp. (courtesy of WRBU); (B) Aedes malayensis Colless; (C) Orthopodomyia sp.; (D) Coquillettidia crassipes (van der Wulp).
FIGURE 5 in Identification key to the genera of adult female mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of Singapore
FIGURE 5. (A) Uranotaenia sp.; (B) Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus); (C) Malaya genurostris Leicester; (D) Ae. aegypti; (E) Ml. genurostris; (F) Uranotaenia sp.; (G) Ml. genurostris; (H) Uranotaenia sp.
mosquitoes_masking:v24.8.1
<p>kraken2 DB for mosquitoes built with masking option. Contains Aedes, Anopheles and Culex genomes that is 22 genomes (16767 accession numbers ).</p> <p> </p> <p>See download.sh for details about used genomes.</p> <p> </p>
Rapid evolution of reproduction without blood feeding in an invasive vector mosquito
<p>The file contains the Rproject with all the data and scripts to replicate all the analysis.</p>
Data from: Submicroscopic Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte densities frequently result in mosquito infection.
Submicroscopic Plasmodium falciparum gametocytemia (<5,000 gametocytes/mL) is common and may result in mosquito infection. We assessed the relation between gametocyte density and mosquito infection under experimental and field conditions using real-time quantitative nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (QT-NASBA) for gametocyte quantification. Serial dilutions of NF54 P. falciparum gametocytes showed a positive association between gametocyte density and the proportion of infected mosquitoes (beta=6.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.7-9.6; P=0.001). Successful infection became unlikely below an estimated density of 250-300 gametocytes/mL. In the field, blood samples of 100 naturally infected children showed a positive association between gametocyte density and oocyst counts in mosquitoes (beta=0.38; 95% CI, 0.14-0.61; P=0.002). The relative contribution to malaria transmission was similar for carriers with submicroscopic and microscopic gametocytemia. Our results show that transmission occurs efficiently at submicroscopic gametocyte densities and that carriers harboring submicroscopic gametocytemia constitute a considerable proportion of the human infectious reservoir.
Data from: Escaping blood-fed malaria mosquitoes minimize tactile detection without compromising on take-off speed
To escape after taking a blood meal, a mosquito must exert forces sufficiently high to take off when carrying a load roughly equal to its body weight, while simultaneously avoiding detection by minimizing tactile signals exerted on the host's skin. We studied this trade-off between escape speed and stealth in malaria mosquitoes, Anopheles coluzzii, using 3D motion analysis of high-speed stereoscopic videos of mosquito take-offs and aerodynamic modelling. We found that during the push-off phase, mosquitoes enhanced take-off speed by using aerodynamic forces generated by the beating wings in addition to leg-based push-off forces, whereby wing forces contributed 61% to the total push-off force. Exchanging leg-derived push-off forces for wing-derived aerodynamic forces allows the animal to reduce peak force production on the host's skin. By slowly extending their long legs throughout the push-off, mosquitoes spread push-off forces over a longer time window than insects with short legs, thereby further reducing peak leg forces. Using this specialized take-off behavior, mosquitoes are capable of reaching take-off speeds comparable to those of similarly-sized fruit flies, but with weight-normalized peak leg forces that were only 27% of those of the fruit flies. By limiting peak leg forces, mosquitoes possibly reduce the chance of being detected by the host. The resulting combination of high take-off speed and low tactile signals on the host might help increase the mosquito's success to escape from blood-hosts, which consequently also increases the chance that they transmit vector-borne diseases, such as malaria, to future hosts.
Data from: Pollutants and insecticides drive local adaptation in African malaria mosquitoes
The Anopheles gambiae complex contains a number of highly anthropophilic mosquito species that have acquired exceptional ability to thrive in complex human habitats. Thus, examining the evolutionary history of this Afrotropical mosquito may yield vital information on the selective processes that occurred during the adaptation to human-dominated environments. We performed reduced representation sequencing on 941 mosquitoes of the Anopheles gambiae complex collected across four ecogeographic zones in Cameroon. We find evidence for genetic and geographic subdivision within An. coluzzii and An. gambiae sensu stricto – the two most significant malaria vectors in the region. Importantly, in both species, rural and urban populations are genetically differentiated. Genome scans reveal pervasive signatures of selection centered on genes involved in xenobiotic resistance. Notably, a selective sweep containing detoxification enzymes is prominent in urban mosquitoes that exploit polluted breeding sites. Overall, our study suggests that recent anthropogenic environmental modifications and widespread use of insecticides are driving population differentiation and local adaptation in vectors with potentially significant consequences for malaria epidemiology.
Gene-drive suppression of mosquito populations in large cages as a bridge between lab and field
<p>CRISPR-based gene-drives targeting the gene doublesex in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae effectively suppressed the reproductive capability of mosquito populations reared in small laboratory cages. To bridge the gap between laboratory and the field, this gene-drive technology must be challenged with vector ecology. Here we report the suppressive activity of the gene-drive in age-structured An. gambiae populations in large indoor cages that permit complex feeding and reproductive behaviours. The gene-drive element spreads rapidly through the populations, fully supresses the population within one year and without selecting for resistance to the gene drive. Approximate Bayesian computation allowed retrospective inference of life-history parameters from the large cages and a more accurate prediction of gene-drive behaviour under more ecologically-relevant settings. Generating data to bridge laboratory and field studies for invasive technologies is challenging. Our study represents a paradigm for the stepwise and sound development of vector control tools based on gene-drive.</p>
Data from: A comprehensive assessment of inbreeding and laboratory adaptation in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes
Modified Aedes aegypti mosquitoes reared in laboratories are being released around the world to control wild mosquito populations and the diseases they transmit. Several efforts have failed due to poor competitiveness of the released mosquitoes. We hypothesized that colonized mosquito populations could suffer from inbreeding depression and adapt to laboratory conditions, reducing their performance in the field. We established replicate populations of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes collected from Queensland, Australia, and maintained them in the laboratory for twelve generations at different census sizes. Mosquito colonies maintained at small census sizes (≤100 individuals) suffered from inbreeding depression due to low effective population sizes which were only 25% of the census size as estimated by SNP markers. Populations that underwent full-sib mating for 9 consecutive generations had greatly reduced performance across all traits measured. We compared the established laboratory populations with their ancestral population resurrected from quiescent eggs for evidence of laboratory adaptation. The overall performance of laboratory populations maintained at a large census size (400 individuals) increased, potentially reflecting adaptation to artificial rearing conditions. However most individual traits were unaffected, and patterns of adaptation were not consistent across populations. Differences between replicate populations may indicate that founder effects and drift affect experimental outcomes. Though we find limited evidence of laboratory adaptation, mosquitoes maintained at low population sizes can clearly suffer fitness costs, compromising the success of "rear and release" strategies for arbovirus control.
Morphology and mini-barcodes: The inclusion of larval sampling and NGS-based barcoding improves robustness of ecological analyses of mosquito communities
<p class="Normal0">A significant proportion of vector-borne diseases are transmitted by blood-sucking dipterans, including mosquitoes. Understanding transmission risks requires accurate identification of species across heterogenous habitats, but many cryptic and polymorphic species are overlooked when using morphological identification. Estimates of mosquito diversity are typically based on adult female trapping methods which tend to target host-seeking species and may represent a biased snapshot of community structure. Unfortunately, diversity estimates based on larval data are rarely included in mosquito ecological analyses. We carried out adult and larval sampling over six months in Singapore using an integrative approach of morphological identification and molecular delineation with mini-barcodes (313 bp) generated on a Next Generation Sequencing platform to obtain species estimates. We collected 3201 mosquitoes across 58 species (14 genera). Notably, 16 species were collected only through larval sampling and 22 species were only resolved using mini-barcodes. Of the latter we identified three morphologically similar species groups and documented several intraspecific polymorphisms. We compared adult-only data against a full dataset (adult + larval + mini-barcode). The species accumulation curves reached an asymptote for all but one site when using the latter; non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) revealed that mosquito communities were only well separated when using the full dataset. Overall, the latter reflects a more defined and accurate community structure across all sites. We find that several mosquito species were generally influenced by tree cover, rainfall and presence of large water bodies, further supporting the idea that many species are niche-specific. <i>Synthesis and applications</i>. We report the first successful use of mini-barcodes on mosquitoes and demonstrate its utility in delineating multiple challenging species groups. We recommend the use of both morphological and molecular identification methods for ecological studies and vector surveillance. Misidentification in species estimation, especially for medically relevant insect groups can lead to conflicting reports and slows down vector control efforts. We provide evidence that varying sampling techniques, particularly of the larval stages for holometabolous insects, is important in generating a robust dataset for downstream analyses. Together with DNA barcoding, this integrative approach helps to minimize error cascades when designing management strategies.</p>
Figure 10 in Aberrations in the larval chaetotaxy of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of Iran and a taxonomic note on the seta 1-C (preclypeal seta) of Culex in southwestern Asia
Figure 10. (a) Culex (Neoculex) territans, Qom Province, Iran (100×). (b) Culex (Culex) laticinctus, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran (100×).
Figure 3 in Aberrations in the larval chaetotaxy of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of Iran and a taxonomic note on the seta 1-C (preclypeal seta) of Culex in southwestern Asia
Figure 3. Anopheles (Anopheles) maculipennis, (a) Kurdistan Province, Iran, 19 July 2006 (200×). (b) Ardebil Province, Iran, 30 July 2005 (100×).
Figure 2 in Aberrations in the larval chaetotaxy of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of Iran and a taxonomic note on the seta 1-C (preclypeal seta) of Culex in southwestern Asia
Figure 2. Anopheles (Anopheles) maculipennis, Kurdistan Province, Iran, (a) 9 September 2005 (200×). (b) 19 July 2006 (200×).
Figure 8 in Aberrations in the larval chaetotaxy of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of Iran and a taxonomic note on the seta 1-C (preclypeal seta) of Culex in southwestern Asia
Figure 8. (a) Culex (Culex) sinaiticus, Pipiens Group, Hormozgan Province, Iran, seta 1-C is thicker than the branches of 5-C but does not appear to be thicker than the branches of 6-C (100×). (b) Culex (Culex) tritaeniorhynchus, Sitiens Group, Sistan and Baluchistan Province, Iran (100×).
Figure 1 in Aberrations in the larval chaetotaxy of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of Iran and a taxonomic note on the seta 1-C (preclypeal seta) of Culex in southwestern Asia
Figure 1. (a) Anopheles (Cellia) dthali, Sistan and Baluchistan Province, Iran, 18 June 2006 (100×). (b) Anopheles (Anopheles) maculipennis, Ardebil Province, Iran, 3 July 2006 (200×).
Figure 6 in Aberrations in the larval chaetotaxy of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of Iran and a taxonomic note on the seta 1-C (preclypeal seta) of Culex in southwestern Asia
Figure 6. (a) Culex (Culex) pipiens, Pipiens Group, Isfahan Province, Iran (200×). (b) Culex (Culex) mimeticus, Sitiens Group, Qom Province, Iran (200×).
Figure 7 in Aberrations in the larval chaetotaxy of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of Iran and a taxonomic note on the seta 1-C (preclypeal seta) of Culex in southwestern Asia
Figure 7. (a) Culex (Oculeomyia) bitaeniorhynchus, Hormozgan Province, Iran (200×). (b) Culex (Culex) sitiens, Sitiens Group, Hormozgan Province, Iran (100×).
Figure 4 in Aberrations in the larval chaetotaxy of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of Iran and a taxonomic note on the seta 1-C (preclypeal seta) of Culex in southwestern Asia
Figure 4. (a) Anopheles (Anopheles) marteri, Isfahan Province, Iran, 12 July 2007 (100×). (b) Culex (Maillotia) hortensis, North Khorasan Province, Iran, 11 July 2009 (200×).
Figure 9 in Aberrations in the larval chaetotaxy of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of Iran and a taxonomic note on the seta 1-C (preclypeal seta) of Culex in southwestern Asia
Figure 9. (a) Culex (Culex) perexiguus, Pipiens Group, Isfahan Province, Iran (200×). (b) Culex (Barraudius) pusillus, Kerman Province, Iran (100×).
Figure 5 in Aberrations in the larval chaetotaxy of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of Iran and a taxonomic note on the seta 1-C (preclypeal seta) of Culex in southwestern Asia
Figure 5. (a) Culex (Culex) theileri, Kurdistan Province, Iran, 7 August 2006 (100×). (b) Culex (Culex) tritaeniorhynchus, Sistan and Baluchistan Province, Iran (200×).
ScienceDex guides
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.