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FIGURE 6 in Molecular and morphological description of a new species of Halisarca (Demospongiae: Halisarcida) from Mediterranean Sea and a redescription of the type species Halisarca dujardini

FIGURE 6. Scheme of the ectosomal region (modified from Bergquist 1996). 1—the upper layer; 2—the middle layer; 3—the inner layer. Abbreviation: ex—exopinacocytes.

FIGURES 16–19 in Molecular and morphological description of a new species of Halisarca (Demospongiae: Halisarcida) from Mediterranean Sea and a redescription of the type species Halisarca dujardini

FIGURES 16–19. Halisarca dujardini. Ultrastructure of mesohylar cells. TEM of nucleolated amoebocytes (archaeocytes) from Barents (16) and Japan (17) Seas; TEM of lophocytes from Barents Sea (18) and SEM of lophocyte from White Sea (19). Abbreviations: B—symbiotic bacteria; L—lophocyte; N—nucleus; Nu—nucleolus; Ph—phagosomes. Ps—pseudopodia. Scale bars: 16—2 µm; 17—2 µm; 18—1.5 µm; 19—7 µm.

FIGURES 7–15 in Molecular and morphological description of a new species of Halisarca (Demospongiae: Halisarcida) from Mediterranean Sea and a redescription of the type species Halisarca dujardini

FIGURES 7–15. Halisarca dujardini. Ultrastructure of epithelial cells. TEM of choanocyte chamber of sponge from Barents Sea (Fig. 7); SEM of choanocytes of sponge from White Sea (Fig. 8); TEM (Fig. 9) and SEM (Figs. 10, 11) of exopinacocytes of sponges from White Sea; TEM (Fig. 12) and SEM (Fig. 13) of endopinacocytes of sponges from Japan (12) and White (13) Seas; TEM (Fig. 14) and SEM (Fig. 15) of basopinacocytes of sponges from Barents (14) and White (15) Seas. Abbreviations: B—symbiotic bacteria; Bp—basopinacocytes; C—external cuticle; CB—cytoplasmic bridge; CS—periflagellar cytoplasmic sleeve; EC—external cytoplasmic part; Enp—endopinacocyte; Exp—exopinacocytes; F—flagellum; Mv—microvilli; Nnucleus; Ph—phagosomes. Scale bars: 7—7 µm; 8—2 µm; 9—3 µm; 10—2 µm; 11—7 µm; 12—3 µm; 13—7 µm; 14— 1.5 µm; 15—10 µm.

FIGURES 2–5 in Molecular and morphological description of a new species of Halisarca (Demospongiae: Halisarcida) from Mediterranean Sea and a redescription of the type species Halisarca dujardini

FIGURES 2–5. Halisarca dujardini. In situ and in vivo photos of non reproductive sponge from Bering Sea (Fig. 2) and reproductive sponge (arrows indicated embryos) from White Sea (Fig. 3) sponges. Histological section of non-reproductive sponge (Fig. 4) and reproductive (Fig. 5) sponge. Abbreviations: Bc—blastocoel; CC—choanocyte chambers; CE—cleaving embryos; Ex—exopinacoderm; M—mesohyle. Scale bars: 2–10 mm; 3–5 mm; 4–650 µm; 5–150 µm.

FIGURE 1. a in Molecular and morphological description of a new species of Halisarca (Demospongiae: Halisarcida) from Mediterranean Sea and a redescription of the type species Halisarca dujardini

FIGURE 1. a—Geographical distribution of Halisarca harmelini sp. nov. in Mediterranean Sea (red dots); b—Map of the Northwest Mediterranean coast showing the site of collection of holotype, paratype and specimens of Halisarca harmelini sp. nov. for ultrastructural and the total DNA extraction.

FIGURE 10 in On the identity of the type species of Sphenomorphus (Squamata: Scincidae): Lygosoma melanopogon Duméril and Bibron 1839, with a note on a new scalation character of the pes in Sphenomorphus

FIGURE 10. Three of the syntypes of Lygosoma Meyeri Doria 1874. A. BMNH 76.7.18.2 – 3 (SVL = 88, 93 mm respectively) and B. ZMB 9739 (SVL = 93 mm).

FIGURE 7 in On the identity of the type species of Sphenomorphus (Squamata: Scincidae): Lygosoma melanopogon Duméril and Bibron 1839, with a note on a new scalation character of the pes in Sphenomorphus

FIGURE 7. Dorsal, lateral and ventral views of head of lectotype of Lygosoma Kühnei (NMBA 5514). Scale bar = 2 mm.

FIGURE 4. A. Dorsal and B in On the identity of the type species of Sphenomorphus (Squamata: Scincidae): Lygosoma melanopogon Duméril and Bibron 1839, with a note on a new scalation character of the pes in Sphenomorphus

FIGURE 4. A. Dorsal and B. lateral views of the lectotype of Lygosoma florense Weber 1891 (ZMA 11060; SVL = 68 mm).

FIGURE 6. A. Dorsal and B in On the identity of the type species of Sphenomorphus (Squamata: Scincidae): Lygosoma melanopogon Duméril and Bibron 1839, with a note on a new scalation character of the pes in Sphenomorphus

FIGURE 6. A. Dorsal and B. ventral views of the lectotype of Lygosoma Kühnei Roux 1910 (NMBA 5514; SVL = 66 mm).

FIGURE 1. A. Dorsal and B in On the identity of the type species of Sphenomorphus (Squamata: Scincidae): Lygosoma melanopogon Duméril and Bibron 1839, with a note on a new scalation character of the pes in Sphenomorphus

FIGURE 1. A. Dorsal and B. ventral views of the lectotype of Lygosoma melanopogon Duméril and Bibron 1839 (MNHN 1245; SVL = 60 mm), and C. the conspecific paralectotype (MNHN 7110; SVL = 64 mm). Photographs taken with specimens under water to reveal color pattern elements on faded specimens.

FIGURE 9 in On the identity of the type species of Sphenomorphus (Squamata: Scincidae): Lygosoma melanopogon Duméril and Bibron 1839, with a note on a new scalation character of the pes in Sphenomorphus

FIGURE 9. Distribution of Sphenomorphus melanopogon. Ad = Adonara, Al = Alor, Ba = Babar, Be = Banda Besar, Da = Damar, De = Deli and Tinjil, F = Flores, Ke = Kei, Ko = Komodo, Padar, Rinca and Besar, Se = Semau, Su = Sumba, Sw = Sumbawa, Te = Teun, Ti = Timor, W = Wetar. Open symbols represent literature records.

FIGURE 14 in On the identity of the type species of Sphenomorphus (Squamata: Scincidae): Lygosoma melanopogon Duméril and Bibron 1839, with a note on a new scalation character of the pes in Sphenomorphus

FIGURE 14. Distribution of Sphenomorphus meyeri. Open symbols represent type localities for L. meyeri (M) and H. papuensis (P).

FIGURE 2 in On the identity of the type species of Sphenomorphus (Squamata: Scincidae): Lygosoma melanopogon Duméril and Bibron 1839, with a note on a new scalation character of the pes in Sphenomorphus

FIGURE 2. Dorsal, lateral and ventral views of head of lectotype of Lygosoma melanopogon (MNHN 1245). Scale bar = 2 mm.

FIGURE 5 in On the identity of the type species of Sphenomorphus (Squamata: Scincidae): Lygosoma melanopogon Duméril and Bibron 1839, with a note on a new scalation character of the pes in Sphenomorphus

FIGURE 5. Dorsal, lateral and ventral views of head of lectotype of Lygosoma florense (ZMA 11060). Scale bar = 2 mm.

FIGURE 8 in On the identity of the type species of Sphenomorphus (Squamata: Scincidae): Lygosoma melanopogon Duméril and Bibron 1839, with a note on a new scalation character of the pes in Sphenomorphus

FIGURE 8. Holotypes of A. Sphenomorphus florensis nitidus Dunn 1927 (AMNH 32068; SVL = 72 mm) and B. Sphenomorphus florensis barbouri Dunn 1927 (AMNH 32203; SVL = 63 mm).

FIGURE 13 in On the identity of the type species of Sphenomorphus (Squamata: Scincidae): Lygosoma melanopogon Duméril and Bibron 1839, with a note on a new scalation character of the pes in Sphenomorphus

FIGURE 13. Dorsal, lateral and ventral views of head of holotype of Hinulia papuensis (AM R 31847). Scale bar = 2 mm.

FIGURE 15 in On the identity of the type species of Sphenomorphus (Squamata: Scincidae): Lygosoma melanopogon Duméril and Bibron 1839, with a note on a new scalation character of the pes in Sphenomorphus

FIGURE 15. The ventral surface of the pes in two species of Sphenomorphus, showing a difference in squamation within the genus: A. S. jobiensis (AM R 115431) in which the scales of the dorsal and ventral surface of the pes show a distinct line of demarcation along the posterior edge of the pes, and B. S. melanopogon (MNHN 1245) in which the scales of the dorsal surface extend onto the ventral surface with loss of contrast between the two scale fields. Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURE 11 in On the identity of the type species of Sphenomorphus (Squamata: Scincidae): Lygosoma melanopogon Duméril and Bibron 1839, with a note on a new scalation character of the pes in Sphenomorphus

FIGURE 11. Dorsal, lateral and ventral views of the head shields of one of the syntypes of Lygosoma Meyeri (BMNH 76.7.18.2). Scale bar = 2 mm.

FIGURE 3 in New species of Latrunculia from the Agulhas shelf, South Africa, with designation of a type species for subgenus Biannulata (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida, Latrunculiidae)

FIGURE 3. Latrunculia (Biannulata) gotzi sp. nov.: A. Holotype SAM-A2418, in situ, scale = 15 mm; B. Transverse histological section of the body showing loose wispy tracts and relatively cavernous interior, scale = 144 µm; C. Protodiscorhabd showing undifferentiated basal and apical whorls, scale = 12 µm; D. Mature anisodiscorhabds with incised whorls of spines and undifferentiated basal whorl and manubrium, scale = 12 µm; E. Ornamentation of the subsidiary and median whorls showing spear-head morphology, scale = 8 µm; F. Lightly spined styles, scale = 5 µm.

FIGURE 6. A in New species of Latrunculia from the Agulhas shelf, South Africa, with designation of a type species for subgenus Biannulata (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida, Latrunculiidae)

FIGURE 6. A comparison of anisodiscorhabds and other microscleres of species presently considered valid within subgenera Latrunculia (L.) du Bocage, 1869 (A–N), L. (Biannulata) Samaai et al., 2006 (O–AA), and L. (B.) incertae sedis (AB–AD): A. L. (L.) triverticillata Alvarez et al., 2002; B. L. (L.) fiordensis Alvarez et al., 2002; C. L. (L.) oxydiscorhabda Alvarez et al., 2002; D. L. (L.) cratera du Bocage, 1869; E. L. (L.) bocagei Ridley & Dendy, 1886; F. aciculodiscorhabd of L. (L.) apicalis Ridley & Dendy, 1886; G. aciculodiscorhabd of L. (L.) biformis Kirkpatrick, 1908; H. L. (L.) basilis Kirkpatrick, 1908; I. L. (L.) brevis Ridley & Dendy, 1886; J. L. (L.) palmata Lévi, 1964; K. L. (L.) multirotalis Topsent, 1905; L. L. (L.) ikematsui Tanita, 1968; M. L. (L.) novaecaledoniae Samaai et al., 2006; N. L. (L.) crenulata Lévi, 1993; O. L. (B.) kaakaariki Alvarez et al., 2002; P. L. (B.) duckworthi Alvarez et al., 2002; Q. L. (B.) procumbens Alvarez et al., 2002; R. L. (B.) wellingtonensis Alvarez et al., 2002; S. L. (B.) kaikoura Alvarez et al., 2002; T. L. (B.) millerae Alvarez et al., 2002; U. L. (B.) spinispiraefera Brøndsted, 1924; V. L. (B.) purpurea Carter, 1881; W. L. (B.) lunaviridis Samaai & Kelly, 2003; X. L. (B.) microacanthoxea Samaai & Kelly, 2003; Y. L. (B.) gotzi sp. nov.; Z. L. (B.) kerwathi sp. nov.; AA. L. (B.) algoaensis sp. nov.; AB. L. austini Samaai et al., 2006; AC. L. citharistae Vacelet, 1969; AD. L. oparinae Samaai & Krasokhin, 2002. Reproduced or redrawn from du Bocage (1869), Ridley & Dendy (1886), Topsent (1905), Brøndsted (1924), Lévi (1964, 1993), Alvarez et al. (2002), Samaai & Krasokhin (2002), Samaai & Kelly (2003), Samaai et al. (2006), (not to scale).