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CESM2 atmosphere output data for study on hydrological impacts of large-scale forest expansion
<p>This repository contains the atmosphere output data from CESM2 which was generated in the study investigating the hydrological impacts of global-scale forestation, for the base scenario. The datasets cover the period 2015-2100. Output fields are as follows:</p> <p>CCN3: concentration of cloud condensation nuclei at 0.1% supersaturation, units cm^-3</p> <p>CLDLOW: cloud fraction integrated between 1200-700 hPa, units fraction of grid cell</p> <p>CONCLD: convective cloud cover, units fraction of grid cell</p> <p>GCLDLWP: grid cell cloud water path, units kg m^-2</p> <p>LWCF_d1: clean longwave cloud forcing, units W m^-2</p> <p>OMEGA: vertical velocity, units Pa s^-1</p> <p>PRECT: total precipitation, units m s^-1</p> <p>SWCF_d1: clean shortwave cloud forcing, units W m^-2</p> <p>V: meridional wind, units m s^-1</p> <p> </p> <p>All data were generated and processed by James A. King.</p>
CESM2 land use data for study on hydrological impacts of large-scale forest expansion
<p>This repository contains the land use/ land cover input data for CESM2 which was used in the study investigating the hydrological impacts of global-scale forestation. The datasets cover the period 2000-2100. The files correspond to experiments described in the study as follows:</p> <p> </p> <p>Base: landuse.timeseries_0.9x1.25_SSP1-2.6_78pfts_CMIP6_simyr2000-2100_c220715.nc</p> <p>Max Forest: landuse.timeseries_0.9x1.25_hist_78pfts_SSPRFAFRS_SSP1_edit_xarray_4_simyr2000-2100_c221024.nc</p> <p>No LULCC: landuse.timeseries_0.9x1.25_hist_78pfts_SSPNOLULCC_3_simyr2000-2100_c221025.nc</p> <p> </p> <p>Files were created in collaboration by James A. King, James Weber, Peter Lawrence, and Stephanie Roe.</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Seasonal bee communities vary in their responses to resources at local and landscape scales: Implication for land managers
<p><strong>Context</strong>:<em> </em>There is great interest in land management practices for pollinators; however, a quantitative comparison of landscape and local effects on bee communities is necessary to determine if adding small habitat patches can increase bee abundance or species richness. The value of increasing floral abundance at a site is undoubtedly influenced by the phenology and magnitude of floral resources in the landscape, but due to the complexity of measuring landscape-scale resources, these factors have been understudied.</p> <p><strong>Objectives</strong>: To address this knowledge gap, we quantified the relative importance of local versus landscape scale resources for bee communities, identified the most important metrics of local and landscape quality, and evaluated how these relationships vary with season.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: We studied season-specific relationships between local and landscape quality and wild-bee communities at 33 sites in the Finger Lakes region of New York, USA. We paired site surveys of wild bees, plants, and soil characteristics with a multi-dimensional assessment of landscape composition, configuration, insecticide toxic load, and a spatio-temporal evaluation of floral resources at local and landscape scales.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>:<em> </em>We found that the most relevant spatial scale and landscape factor varied by season. Early-season bee communities responded primarily to landscape resources, including the presence of flowering trees and wetland habitats. In contrast, mid to late-season bee communities were more influenced by local conditions, though bee diversity was negatively impacted when sites were embedded in highly agricultural landscapes. Soil composition had complex impacts on bee communities, and likely reflects effects on plant community flowering. </p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong>:<em> </em>Early-season bees can be supported by adding flowering trees and wetlands, while mid to late-season bees can be supported by local addition of summer and fall flowering plants. Sites embedded in landscapes with a greater proportion of natural areas will host a greater bee species diversity.</p>
CESM2 atmosphere output data for study on hydrological impacts of large-scale forest expansion
<p>This repository contains the atmosphere output data from CESM2 which was generated in the study investigating the hydrological impacts of global-scale forestation, for the No LULCC scenario. The datasets cover the period 2015-2100. Output fields are as follows:</p> <p>CCN3: concentration of cloud condensation nuclei at 0.1% supersaturation, units cm^-3</p> <p>CLDLOW: cloud fraction integrated between 1200-700 hPa, units fraction of grid cell</p> <p>CONCLD: convective cloud cover, units fraction of grid cell</p> <p>GCLDLWP: grid cell cloud water path, units kg m^-2</p> <p>LWCF_d1: clean longwave cloud forcing, units W m^-2</p> <p>OMEGA: vertical velocity, units Pa s^-1</p> <p>PRECT: total precipitation, units m s^-1</p> <p>SWCF_d1: clean shortwave cloud forcing, units W m^-2</p> <p>V: meridional wind, units m s^-1</p> <p> </p> <p>All data were generated and processed by James A. King.</p>
Global 1km Land Surface Parameters for Kilometer-Scale Earth System Modeling (LAI_2006_2010)
<p>Earth system models (ESMs) are progressively advancing towards the kilometer scale (k-scale). However, the surface parameters for Land Surface Models (LSMs) within ESMs running at the k-scale are typically derived from coarse resolution and outdated datasets. This study aims to develop a new set of global land surface parameters with a resolution of 1 km for multiple years from 2001 to 2020, utilizing the latest and most accurate available datasets. Specifically, the datasets consist of parameters related to land use and land cover, vegetation, soil, and topography. Differences between the newly developed 1k land surface parameters and conventional parameters emphasize their potential for higher accuracy due to the incorporation of the most advanced and latest data sources. To demonstrate the capability of these new parameters, we conducted 1 km resolution simulations using the E3SM Land Model version 2 (ELM2) over the contiguous United States. Our results demonstrate that land surface parameters contribute to significant spatial heterogeneity in ELM2 simulations of soil moisture, latent heat, emitted longwave radiation, and absorbed shortwave radiation. On average, about 31% to 54% of spatial information is lost by upscaling the 1 km ELM2 simulations to a 12 km resolution. Using eXplainable Machine Learning (XML) methods, the influential factors driving the spatial variability and spatial information loss of ELM2 simulations were identified, highlighting the substantial impact of the spatial variability and information loss of various land surface parameters, as well as the mean climate conditions. The comparison against four benchmark datasets indicates that ELM generally performs well in simulating soil moisture and surface energy fluxes. The new land surface parameters are tailored to meet the emerging needs of k-scale LSMs and ESMs modeling with significant implications for advancing our understanding of water, carbon, and energy cycles under global change. </p> <p>This data repository is linked to <a href="../records/10815170" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://zenodo.org/records/10815170</a></p>
Global 1km Land Surface Parameters for Kilometer-Scale Earth System Modeling (LAI_2011_2015)
<p>Earth system models (ESMs) are progressively advancing towards the kilometer scale (k-scale). However, the surface parameters for Land Surface Models (LSMs) within ESMs running at the k-scale are typically derived from coarse resolution and outdated datasets. This study aims to develop a new set of global land surface parameters with a resolution of 1 km for multiple years from 2001 to 2020, utilizing the latest and most accurate available datasets. Specifically, the datasets consist of parameters related to land use and land cover, vegetation, soil, and topography. Differences between the newly developed 1k land surface parameters and conventional parameters emphasize their potential for higher accuracy due to the incorporation of the most advanced and latest data sources. To demonstrate the capability of these new parameters, we conducted 1 km resolution simulations using the E3SM Land Model version 2 (ELM2) over the contiguous United States. Our results demonstrate that land surface parameters contribute to significant spatial heterogeneity in ELM2 simulations of soil moisture, latent heat, emitted longwave radiation, and absorbed shortwave radiation. On average, about 31% to 54% of spatial information is lost by upscaling the 1 km ELM2 simulations to a 12 km resolution. Using eXplainable Machine Learning (XML) methods, the influential factors driving the spatial variability and spatial information loss of ELM2 simulations were identified, highlighting the substantial impact of the spatial variability and information loss of various land surface parameters, as well as the mean climate conditions. The comparison against four benchmark datasets indicates that ELM generally performs well in simulating soil moisture and surface energy fluxes. The new land surface parameters are tailored to meet the emerging needs of k-scale LSMs and ESMs modeling with significant implications for advancing our understanding of water, carbon, and energy cycles under global change. </p> <p>This data repository is linked to <a href="../records/10815170" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://zenodo.org/records/10815170</a></p>
Global 1km Land Surface Parameters for Kilometer-Scale Earth System Modeling (LAI_2016_2020)
<p>Earth system models (ESMs) are progressively advancing towards the kilometer scale (k-scale). However, the surface parameters for Land Surface Models (LSMs) within ESMs running at the k-scale are typically derived from coarse resolution and outdated datasets. This study aims to develop a new set of global land surface parameters with a resolution of 1 km for multiple years from 2001 to 2020, utilizing the latest and most accurate available datasets. Specifically, the datasets consist of parameters related to land use and land cover, vegetation, soil, and topography. Differences between the newly developed 1k land surface parameters and conventional parameters emphasize their potential for higher accuracy due to the incorporation of the most advanced and latest data sources. To demonstrate the capability of these new parameters, we conducted 1 km resolution simulations using the E3SM Land Model version 2 (ELM2) over the contiguous United States. Our results demonstrate that land surface parameters contribute to significant spatial heterogeneity in ELM2 simulations of soil moisture, latent heat, emitted longwave radiation, and absorbed shortwave radiation. On average, about 31% to 54% of spatial information is lost by upscaling the 1 km ELM2 simulations to a 12 km resolution. Using eXplainable Machine Learning (XML) methods, the influential factors driving the spatial variability and spatial information loss of ELM2 simulations were identified, highlighting the substantial impact of the spatial variability and information loss of various land surface parameters, as well as the mean climate conditions. The comparison against four benchmark datasets indicates that ELM generally performs well in simulating soil moisture and surface energy fluxes. The new land surface parameters are tailored to meet the emerging needs of k-scale LSMs and ESMs modeling with significant implications for advancing our understanding of water, carbon, and energy cycles under global change. </p> <p>This data repository is linked to <a href="../records/10815170" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://zenodo.org/records/10815170</a></p>
Global 1km Land Surface Parameters for Kilometer-Scale Earth System Modeling (LAI_2001_2005)
<p>Earth system models (ESMs) are progressively advancing towards the kilometer scale (k-scale). However, the surface parameters for Land Surface Models (LSMs) within ESMs running at the k-scale are typically derived from coarse resolution and outdated datasets. This study aims to develop a new set of global land surface parameters with a resolution of 1 km for multiple years from 2001 to 2020, utilizing the latest and most accurate available datasets. Specifically, the datasets consist of parameters related to land use and land cover, vegetation, soil, and topography. Differences between the newly developed 1k land surface parameters and conventional parameters emphasize their potential for higher accuracy due to the incorporation of the most advanced and latest data sources. To demonstrate the capability of these new parameters, we conducted 1 km resolution simulations using the E3SM Land Model version 2 (ELM2) over the contiguous United States. Our results demonstrate that land surface parameters contribute to significant spatial heterogeneity in ELM2 simulations of soil moisture, latent heat, emitted longwave radiation, and absorbed shortwave radiation. On average, about 31% to 54% of spatial information is lost by upscaling the 1 km ELM2 simulations to a 12 km resolution. Using eXplainable Machine Learning (XML) methods, the influential factors driving the spatial variability and spatial information loss of ELM2 simulations were identified, highlighting the substantial impact of the spatial variability and information loss of various land surface parameters, as well as the mean climate conditions. The comparison against four benchmark datasets indicates that ELM generally performs well in simulating soil moisture and surface energy fluxes. The new land surface parameters are tailored to meet the emerging needs of k-scale LSMs and ESMs modeling with significant implications for advancing our understanding of water, carbon, and energy cycles under global change. </p> <p>This data repository is linked to <a href="../records/10815170" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://zenodo.org/records/10815170</a></p>
The impact of within-host coinfection interactions on between-host parasite transmission dynamics varies with spatial scale
<p>Within-host interactions among coinfecting parasites can have major consequences for individual infection risk and disease severity. However, the impact of these within-host interactions on between-host parasite transmission, and the spatial scales over which they occur, remain unknown. We developed and applied a novel spatially explicit analysis to parasite infection data from a wild wood mouse (<em>Apodemus sylvaticus</em>) population. We previously demonstrated a strong within-host negative interaction between two wood mouse gastrointestinal parasites, the nematode <em>Heligmosomoides polygyrus,</em> and the coccidian <em>Eimeria hungaryensis</em>, using drug-treatment experiments. Here, we show this negative within-host interaction can significantly alter the between-host transmission dynamics of <em>E. hungaryensis</em>, but only within spatially-restricted neighbourhoods around each host. However, for the closely related species <em>E. apionodes</em>, which experiments show does not interact strongly with <em>H. polygyrus</em>, we did not find any effect on transmission over any spatial scale. Our results demonstrate that the effects of within-host coinfection interactions can ripple out beyond each host to alter the transmission dynamics of the parasites, but only over local scales that likely reflect the spatial dimension of transmission. Hence there may be knock-on consequences of drug treatments impacting the transmission of non-target parasites, altering infection risks even for non-treated individuals in the wider neighbourhood.</p>
Text-fig. 8. Ulmaceae a–e, Rosaceae f–l. a: Cedrelospermum, leaflet missing base but showing simple teeth, UAPC-ALTA S 25748. b: Ulmus with prominent teeth, asymmetric base, BBM-PAL-P000015. c: Ulmus leaf with prominent teeth, UAPC-ALTA S 59506. d: Ulmus fruit, UAPC-ALTA S 6590. e: Basal half of Ulmus leaf showing the obtuse teeth with subbasal entry of veins to the teeth, UAPC-ALTA S 59517. f: cf. Rubus, UAPC-ALTA S 67691. g. Prunus leaf, UAPC-ALTA S 25746. h: cf. Hesperomeles UAPC-ALTA S 67692. i: Photinia pagae, UAPC-ALTA S 67693. j: cf. Prunus, detail from g. k: Rosaceous leaf, UAPC-ALTA S 59501. l: Rosaceae, possibly Kerriae. BBM-PAL-P000047. Scale bars: a, f, i, k, l = 2 cm; b–e, g, h, j = 1 cm. in The Early Eocene Flora Of Horsefly, British Columbia, Canada And Its Phytogeographic Significance
Text-fig. 8. Ulmaceae a–e, Rosaceae f–l. a: Cedrelospermum, leaflet missing base but showing simple teeth, UAPC-ALTA S 25748. b: Ulmus with prominent teeth, asymmetric base, BBM-PAL-P000015. c: Ulmus leaf with prominent teeth, UAPC-ALTA S 59506. d: Ulmus fruit, UAPC-ALTA S 6590. e: Basal half of Ulmus leaf showing the obtuse teeth with subbasal entry of veins to the teeth, UAPC-ALTA S 59517. f: cf. Rubus, UAPC-ALTA S 67691. g. Prunus leaf, UAPC-ALTA S 25746. h: cf. Hesperomeles UAPC-ALTA S 67692. i: Photinia pagae, UAPC-ALTA S 67693. j: cf. Prunus, detail from g. k: Rosaceous leaf, UAPC-ALTA S 59501. l: Rosaceae, possibly Kerriae. BBM-PAL-P000047. Scale bars: a, f, i, k, l = 2 cm; b–e, g, h, j = 1 cm.
Text-fig. 5. Lauraceae, Platanaceae, Cercidiphyllaceae/Trochodendraceae. a: Sassafras hespera with 2 lobes, UAPC-ALTA S6556. b: cf. Lindera leaf. UAPC-ALTA S 67687. c: Macginitiea gracilis, UAPC-ALTA S 25748. d: Macginicarpa capitulum showing florets grouped in fives, UAPC-ALTA S 59507. e, g: Platanaceous fruitlets with basal tufts of dispersal hairs, UAPC-ALTA S 25748B, S S275238. f: Macginicarpa infructesence with five attached capitula, UAPC-ALTA S 59507A. h: Leaf similar to Populus and Trochodendroides, BBM-PAL-P000010. i: Leaf similar to Populus and Trochodendroides, UAPC-ALTA S 59516. j: cf. Trochodendroides, UAPC-ALTA S 59516. k: Jenkinsella infructesence; Figured in Penhallow 1908, plate 33. l: cf. Leaf similar to Cercidiphyllum and Trochodendroides, BBM-PAL-P000010. Scale bars: a–c, f, h, j, l = 2 cm, d, i, k = 1 cm, e, g = 0.5 cm. in The Early Eocene Flora Of Horsefly, British Columbia, Canada And Its Phytogeographic Significance
Text-fig. 5. Lauraceae, Platanaceae, Cercidiphyllaceae/Trochodendraceae. a: Sassafras hespera with 2 lobes, UAPC-ALTA S6556. b: cf. Lindera leaf. UAPC-ALTA S 67687. c: Macginitiea gracilis, UAPC-ALTA S 25748. d: Macginicarpa capitulum showing florets grouped in fives, UAPC-ALTA S 59507. e, g: Platanaceous fruitlets with basal tufts of dispersal hairs, UAPC-ALTA S 25748B, S S275238. f: Macginicarpa infructesence with five attached capitula, UAPC-ALTA S 59507A. h: Leaf similar to Populus and Trochodendroides, BBM-PAL-P000010. i: Leaf similar to Populus and Trochodendroides, UAPC-ALTA S 59516. j: cf. Trochodendroides, UAPC-ALTA S 59516. k: Jenkinsella infructesence; Figured in Penhallow 1908, plate 33. l: cf. Leaf similar to Cercidiphyllum and Trochodendroides, BBM-PAL-P000010. Scale bars: a–c, f, h, j, l = 2 cm, d, i, k = 1 cm, e, g = 0.5 cm.
Text-fig. 3. Pinaceae, Taxaceae. a: Pinus needle fascicle with 3 needles, UAPC-ALTA S 25088A. b: Pinus needle fascicle with at least 4 needles, UAPC-ALTA S 59496. c: Articulate Pinus seed (section Diploxylon) showing seed body partly detached from wing, BBM-PAL-P000007. d: Winged pinaceous seed with elongate, flattened wing and narrow seed body, BBM-PAL-P000048. e: Another winged pinaceous seed with very narrow seed body, BBM-PAL-P000008. f: Amentotaxus leaf, UAPC-ALTA S S25086A. g: Higher magnification counterpart of (f) showing abaxial (lower) leaf surface with two parallel stomatal bands and tapered leaf tip S 25086B. h: Higher magnification of specimen in (f) showing adaxial (upper) leaf surface with detail of single midvein. Scale bars: a–e, g, h = 1 cm, f = 2 cm. in The Early Eocene Flora Of Horsefly, British Columbia, Canada And Its Phytogeographic Significance
Text-fig. 3. Pinaceae, Taxaceae. a: Pinus needle fascicle with 3 needles, UAPC-ALTA S 25088A. b: Pinus needle fascicle with at least 4 needles, UAPC-ALTA S 59496. c: Articulate Pinus seed (section Diploxylon) showing seed body partly detached from wing, BBM-PAL-P000007. d: Winged pinaceous seed with elongate, flattened wing and narrow seed body, BBM-PAL-P000048. e: Another winged pinaceous seed with very narrow seed body, BBM-PAL-P000008. f: Amentotaxus leaf, UAPC-ALTA S S25086A. g: Higher magnification counterpart of (f) showing abaxial (lower) leaf surface with two parallel stomatal bands and tapered leaf tip S 25086B. h: Higher magnification of specimen in (f) showing adaxial (upper) leaf surface with detail of single midvein. Scale bars: a–e, g, h = 1 cm, f = 2 cm.
Text-fig. 2. Ferns, Ginkgo, and taxodioid conifers. a: Filicalean fern type 1. UAPC-ALTA S sn. b, c: Filicalean fern type 2. b: Overview of specimen, UAPC-ALTA S 59515. c: Detail of (b) to show pinnule shape. d: Azolla primaeva, small plant fragments and rhizoids, BBM-PAL-P000002. e: Metasequoia occidentalis twig with leafy branchlets, BBM- PAL-P000003. f: Ginkgo biloba leaf showing dichotomous venation, GSC 7567. g: Taxodioid branches with flared shoot apices that may represent small cones, UAPC-ALTA S 25090. h: Metasequoia occidentalis branchlet showing opposite leaves, UAPC-ALTA S 59495. i: Taxodioid branchlet showing variation, BBM-PAL-P000004. j: Taxodioid pollen cone, BBM-PAL-P000045. k: Metasequoia seed cone, BBM-PAL-P000005 A. l: cf. Chamaecyparis, BBM-PAL-P000006. Scale bars: a–c, f–l = 1 cm, d = 0.5 cm, e = 2 cm. in The Early Eocene Flora Of Horsefly, British Columbia, Canada And Its Phytogeographic Significance
Text-fig. 2. Ferns, Ginkgo, and taxodioid conifers. a: Filicalean fern type 1. UAPC-ALTA S sn. b, c: Filicalean fern type 2. b: Overview of specimen, UAPC-ALTA S 59515. c: Detail of (b) to show pinnule shape. d: Azolla primaeva, small plant fragments and rhizoids, BBM-PAL-P000002. e: Metasequoia occidentalis twig with leafy branchlets, BBM- PAL-P000003. f: Ginkgo biloba leaf showing dichotomous venation, GSC 7567. g: Taxodioid branches with flared shoot apices that may represent small cones, UAPC-ALTA S 25090. h: Metasequoia occidentalis branchlet showing opposite leaves, UAPC-ALTA S 59495. i: Taxodioid branchlet showing variation, BBM-PAL-P000004. j: Taxodioid pollen cone, BBM-PAL-P000045. k: Metasequoia seed cone, BBM-PAL-P000005 A. l: cf. Chamaecyparis, BBM-PAL-P000006. Scale bars: a–c, f–l = 1 cm, d = 0.5 cm, e = 2 cm.
Text-fig. 9. Miscellaneous leaves. a: Leaf of Anacardiaceae, UAPC-ALTA S 59513. b: Sapindaceous leaf, BBM-PAL-P000046. c: Twig with compound leaves of Averrhoites affinis, UAPC-ALTA S 67694. d, e: cf. Morus. Finely serrate leaf with actinodromous venation, prominent agrophic veins and strongly percurrent tertiary veins, UAPC-ALTA S 67695. f: Leaf with strongly apically arched upper pairs of secondary veins and entire margins, UAPC-ALTA S 59504. g: Compound leaf, UAPC-ALTA S 59504A. h: Detail of (g) showing one leaflet. i: Incomplete basal part of a lamina with rounded base and entire margin, UAPC-ALTA S 6565. j: Compound leaf with leaflets sessile on a stout rachis, UAPC-ALTA sn. Scale bars: a, c, d, i = 2 cm, b, e–h, j = 1 cm. in The Early Eocene Flora Of Horsefly, British Columbia, Canada And Its Phytogeographic Significance
Text-fig. 9. Miscellaneous leaves. a: Leaf of Anacardiaceae, UAPC-ALTA S 59513. b: Sapindaceous leaf, BBM-PAL-P000046. c: Twig with compound leaves of Averrhoites affinis, UAPC-ALTA S 67694. d, e: cf. Morus. Finely serrate leaf with actinodromous venation, prominent agrophic veins and strongly percurrent tertiary veins, UAPC-ALTA S 67695. f: Leaf with strongly apically arched upper pairs of secondary veins and entire margins, UAPC-ALTA S 59504. g: Compound leaf, UAPC-ALTA S 59504A. h: Detail of (g) showing one leaflet. i: Incomplete basal part of a lamina with rounded base and entire margin, UAPC-ALTA S 6565. j: Compound leaf with leaflets sessile on a stout rachis, UAPC-ALTA sn. Scale bars: a, c, d, i = 2 cm, b, e–h, j = 1 cm.
Text-fig. 10. Flowers and fruits. a: Pentamerous flower from top view, UAPC-ALTA S 67696. b, d: Part and counterpart of a flower with many stamens, type 1 UAPC-ALTA S 6560AB. c: Flower with many stamens, type 2, UAPC-ALTA S 26359. e: Small radially symmetric flower with pinnate venation in each sepal. UAPC-ALTA S 25356. f: Pteroheterochrosperma horseflyensis, UAPC-ALTA S 59494B. g, k: Fruit showing arched longitudinal ribs and and punctate surface, UAPC-ALTA S 26355A. h: Small flower UAPCALTA S 26360. i: Lagokarpos lacustris, UAPC-ALTA S 59498B. j: Lagokarpos lacustris, RBCM.EH2009.023.0003. Scale bars: a–d, g, h = 0.5 cm; e, f, k =0.2 cm; i, j = 1 cm. in The Early Eocene Flora Of Horsefly, British Columbia, Canada And Its Phytogeographic Significance
Text-fig. 10. Flowers and fruits. a: Pentamerous flower from top view, UAPC-ALTA S 67696. b, d: Part and counterpart of a flower with many stamens, type 1 UAPC-ALTA S 6560AB. c: Flower with many stamens, type 2, UAPC-ALTA S 26359. e: Small radially symmetric flower with pinnate venation in each sepal. UAPC-ALTA S 25356. f: Pteroheterochrosperma horseflyensis, UAPC-ALTA S 59494B. g, k: Fruit showing arched longitudinal ribs and and punctate surface, UAPC-ALTA S 26355A. h: Small flower UAPCALTA S 26360. i: Lagokarpos lacustris, UAPC-ALTA S 59498B. j: Lagokarpos lacustris, RBCM.EH2009.023.0003. Scale bars: a–d, g, h = 0.5 cm; e, f, k =0.2 cm; i, j = 1 cm.
Text-fig. 6. Betulaceae, Fagaceae, Anacardiaceae. a: Corylites sp., UAPC-ALTA sn. b: Alnus sp., BBM-PAL-sn. c: Fagopsis infructescence, GSC 7586. d: Palaeocarpinus barksdalae, UAPC-ALTA S 59493. e: Fagopsis undulata leaf, UAPC-ALTA S 67688. f: cf. Schinus compound leaf with serrated leaflets basally fused to the rachis, UAPC-ALTA S 24998. g: Rhus sp., UAPC-ALTA S 67689. Scale bars: a, e = 1 cm, b, f = 2 cm, c, d = 0.3 cm. in The Early Eocene Flora Of Horsefly, British Columbia, Canada And Its Phytogeographic Significance
Text-fig. 6. Betulaceae, Fagaceae, Anacardiaceae. a: Corylites sp., UAPC-ALTA sn. b: Alnus sp., BBM-PAL-sn. c: Fagopsis infructescence, GSC 7586. d: Palaeocarpinus barksdalae, UAPC-ALTA S 59493. e: Fagopsis undulata leaf, UAPC-ALTA S 67688. f: cf. Schinus compound leaf with serrated leaflets basally fused to the rachis, UAPC-ALTA S 24998. g: Rhus sp., UAPC-ALTA S 67689. Scale bars: a, e = 1 cm, b, f = 2 cm, c, d = 0.3 cm.
Text-fig. 4. Monocots. a, b: Large monocot leaf part and counterpart, UAPC-ALTA S 17955A, B. a: Wide leaf showing entire margin at left. b: Counterpart showing dark wide midrib, and and secondaries parallel to one another, arising at low acute angle. c–e: Monocot leaf with parallel venation. c: Overview of elongate monocot leaf with parallel veins horizontal and linear to oval structures and smaller leaf fragment of same type lacking them (at lower right), UAPC-ALTA S 59491. d: Higher magnification of the smaller fragment with weak cross veins. e: Higher magnification of larger specimen with linear to oval structures between parallel veins. f, g: Monocot leaf with parallel venation. Fig. (f) shows higher magnification and (g) shows overview, BBM-PAL-P000009. Scale bars: a, b = 5 cm, c = 4 cm, d–f = 1 cm, g = 2 cm. in The Early Eocene Flora Of Horsefly, British Columbia, Canada And Its Phytogeographic Significance
Text-fig. 4. Monocots. a, b: Large monocot leaf part and counterpart, UAPC-ALTA S 17955A, B. a: Wide leaf showing entire margin at left. b: Counterpart showing dark wide midrib, and and secondaries parallel to one another, arising at low acute angle. c–e: Monocot leaf with parallel venation. c: Overview of elongate monocot leaf with parallel veins horizontal and linear to oval structures and smaller leaf fragment of same type lacking them (at lower right), UAPC-ALTA S 59491. d: Higher magnification of the smaller fragment with weak cross veins. e: Higher magnification of larger specimen with linear to oval structures between parallel veins. f, g: Monocot leaf with parallel venation. Fig. (f) shows higher magnification and (g) shows overview, BBM-PAL-P000009. Scale bars: a, b = 5 cm, c = 4 cm, d–f = 1 cm, g = 2 cm.
Text-fig. 7. Sapindaceae, Polygalaceae, Malvaceae. a: cf. Dipteronia or Koelreuteria pinnately compound leaf with serrate leaflets, UAPC-ALTA S 59500. b, c: Dipteronia brownii, UAPC-ALTA S 59494AB, UAPC-ALTA S 59488. d: Koelreuteria dilcheri fruit valve, BBM-PAL-P000011. e: Acer, BBM-PAL-P000012. f: Detail of Deviacer fruit body from (h). g: Florissantia quilchenensis calyx, UAPC-ALTA S 26364. h: Deviacer wolfei. UAPC-ALTA S 67690. i, j: Florissantia quilchenensis calyces. i: BBM-PAL-P000013. j: BBM-PAL-P000014. Scale bars: a–e, g–j = 1 cm; f = 5 mm. in The Early Eocene Flora Of Horsefly, British Columbia, Canada And Its Phytogeographic Significance
Text-fig. 7. Sapindaceae, Polygalaceae, Malvaceae. a: cf. Dipteronia or Koelreuteria pinnately compound leaf with serrate leaflets, UAPC-ALTA S 59500. b, c: Dipteronia brownii, UAPC-ALTA S 59494AB, UAPC-ALTA S 59488. d: Koelreuteria dilcheri fruit valve, BBM-PAL-P000011. e: Acer, BBM-PAL-P000012. f: Detail of Deviacer fruit body from (h). g: Florissantia quilchenensis calyx, UAPC-ALTA S 26364. h: Deviacer wolfei. UAPC-ALTA S 67690. i, j: Florissantia quilchenensis calyces. i: BBM-PAL-P000013. j: BBM-PAL-P000014. Scale bars: a–e, g–j = 1 cm; f = 5 mm.
Fig. 8 in Synonymy of the Scale Worm Hesperonoe urechis with Arctonoella sinagawaensis (Annelida: Polynoidae), Newly Recorded from the Seto Inland Sea, Western Japan, with Remarks on Symbiosis with the Spoon Worm Urechis unicinctus (Annelida: Thalassematidae)
Fig. 8. Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree based on COI, 16S, 18S, and 28S sequences. Numbers indicate nodal bootstrap support values (> 50%). Bold: newly obtained sequence. Pale shading: Polynoinae clade. Dark shading: Arctonoella-Hesperonoe clade.
Fig. 5 in Synonymy of the Scale Worm Hesperonoe urechis with Arctonoella sinagawaensis (Annelida: Polynoidae), Newly Recorded from the Seto Inland Sea, Western Japan, with Remarks on Symbiosis with the Spoon Worm Urechis unicinctus (Annelida: Thalassematidae)
Fig. 5. Arctonoella sinagawaensis, right parapodia of chaetiger 14, preserved specimens (A, B: NSMT-Pol 113479; C: NSMT-Pol 113481). A, Anterior view; B, posterior view; C, posterior view. Abbreviations: dc, dorsal cirrus; neu, neuropodium; not, notopodium; pos, postchaetal lobe of neuropodium; pre, prechaetal acicular lobe of neuropodium; vc, ventral cirrus; 1, superior notochaetae; 2, inferior notochaetae; 3, supra-acicular neurochaetae; 4, infra-acicular neurochaetae. Scale bars: A, B, 1 mm; C, 0.1 mm.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.