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FIGURE 5 in Diversity of Tropidurus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) in Paraguay-an integrative taxonomic approach based on morphological and molecular genetic evidence

FIGURE 5. Maximum Likelihood (left) and Bayesian (right) trees inferred using concatenated mitochondrial (16S and COI) and nuclear (PRLR) DNA genes for samples of Tropidurus from Paraguay. Support values on nodes represent SH-aLRT/ UFBoot (in percentages) for ML (only values above 65 are shown), and posterior probability for BI (only values above 70 are shown). See Appendix 3 and Figure 1 for geographic location of samples. Reference bar represents substitutions per site.

FIGURE 3 in Diversity of Tropidurus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) in Paraguay-an integrative taxonomic approach based on morphological and molecular genetic evidence

FIGURE 3. Location of genetic samples used for the analyses. See Appendix 1 for information on the specimens.

FIGURE 4 in Diversity of Tropidurus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) in Paraguay-an integrative taxonomic approach based on morphological and molecular genetic evidence

FIGURE 4. Phylogenetic trees of Paraguayan samples of Tropidurus inferred from 16S (A), COI (B), 16S+COI (C), and PRLR (D) partial gene sequences. For each analysis we present maximum likelihood (ML, left) and Bayesian inference (BI, right) trees. Red dots indicate support values (basedon on SH-aLRT/UFBoot for ML and posterior probability for BI) equal or superior to 80 for ML and 0.85 for BI. Roots to outgroup Plica plica (AMCC-106953). Reference bar represents substitutions per site.

FIGURE 11 in Diversity of Tropidurus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) in Paraguay-an integrative taxonomic approach based on morphological and molecular genetic evidence

FIGURE 11. Distribution maps of Tropidurus catalanensis (A), T. etheridgei (B), T. spinulosus (C), and T. lagunablanca (D).

FIGURE 13 in Diversity of Tropidurus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) in Paraguay-an integrative taxonomic approach based on morphological and molecular genetic evidence

FIGURE 13. Differences in the color of females of T. lagunablanca (above, SMF 103315) and T. spinulosus (below, SMF 103322). Note the black stripes (the upper one behind the eye, and the lower beyond the ear opening) of T. lagunablanca, absent in T. spinulosus.

FIGURE 12 in Diversity of Tropidurus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) in Paraguay-an integrative taxonomic approach based on morphological and molecular genetic evidence

FIGURE 12. Diagram showing the theory of a ring species, where populations accumulate gradual changes along temporal and spatial scales (represented here by black arrows), originating different species.

FIGURE 3 in A new species of Homatula from the Red River drainage in Yunnan based on morphological and genetic data (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)

FIGURE 3. Map of southeastern Yunnan; 1, Mekong affluent; 2, Black River; 3, Red River. SYmbol indicates the tYpe localitY of Homatula coccinocola.

FIGURE 4 in A new species of Homatula from the Red River drainage in Yunnan based on morphological and genetic data (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae)

FIGURE 4. Neighbor Joining (NJ) tree of Homatula. Two species of Schistura were treated as an outgroup. Numbers above the branches represent bootstrap values. Values below 50% are omitted.

FIGURE 7 in Diversity of Tropidurus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) in Paraguay-an integrative taxonomic approach based on morphological and molecular genetic evidence

FIGURE 7. Detailed view of the left hind claws of T. torquatus (A, SMF 100097) showing a paler color than observed in T. catalanensis (B, SMF 100093). This coloration is also present in the fore claws.

FIGURE 6 in Diversity of Tropidurus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) in Paraguay-an integrative taxonomic approach based on morphological and molecular genetic evidence

FIGURE 6. Graphic visualization of genetic distances among specimens of the Tropidurus spinulosus group (red dots). The width of the lines refer to the p-distance between specimens (reference at the upper right corner). At the bottom is presented the mean p-distance between species of the torquatus group (T. catalanensis and T. etheridgei) and the two bigger clades of the spinulosus group.

FIGURE 10 in Diversity of Tropidurus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) in Paraguay-an integrative taxonomic approach based on morphological and molecular genetic evidence

FIGURE 10. Asulcate (left) and sulcate (right) views of the left hemipenes of T. lagunablanca (SMF 103316). White bar = 5 mm.

FIGURE 4 in Taxonomic status of the black fly Prosimulium italicum Rivosecchi (Diptera: Simuliidae) based on genetic evidence

FIGURE 4. Chromosomes of Prosimulium italicum from Italy (Campania) A. IIS of female larva, showing fixed inversions IIS-3 and IIS-4 of P. italicum (also present in P. hirtipes) and breakpoints of autosomal polymorphism IIS-12 in P. hirtipes; C = centromere, RoB = ring of Balbiani. B. IIIL (except basal sections) of female larva, showing standard sequence. Breakpoints are indicated for autosomal polymorphisms IIIL-20, 21, 22, and 23 in P. hirtipes, and IIIL-24 in P. italicum; "s" = shield, "t" = triad. C. Centromere region (CI) of chromosome I, showing band differential (*) and associated unpairing in section 19'. C = centromere, N.O. = nucleolar organizer.

FIGURE 1 in Taxonomic status of the black fly Prosimulium italicum Rivosecchi (Diptera: Simuliidae) based on genetic evidence

FIGURE 1. Neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree based on 1,214 bp sequences of the COI and COII genes of P. hirtipes and P. italicum. Bootstrap values for ML, MP, and NJ analyses are shown above the branches.

FIGURE 3. Chromosome I in Taxonomic status of the black fly Prosimulium italicum Rivosecchi (Diptera: Simuliidae) based on genetic evidence

FIGURE 3. Chromosome I of Prosimulium italicum. A. Proximal sections 22–27 of IL of female larva (Italy, Campania), showing nucleolar organizer (N.O.), presence of heteroband IL 25hb (arrow) in heterozygous configuration. The distal breakpoint (arrow) is also shown for perinucleolar inversion IL-15 of P. hirtipes from Slovakia (Morava). B. IS (except sections 1–5) and base of IL with nucleolar organizer (N.O.) of male larva (Italy, Sicily), showing IS-8 sequence and Y-linked IS-25 (heterozygous) with heteroband IS 10hb (+). Breakpoints are indicated for X-linked IS-9 and IS-27 in P. italicum. Breakpoints are also indicated for X-linked IS-10, autosomal polymorphism IS-26, and IL-15 (proximal breakpoint, arrow) in P. hirtipes; IS-9 is fixed in P. hirtipes. C = centromere. C. End of IS of female larva (Italy, Campania), showing distal breakpoints of X- linked IS-9 and IS-10.

FIGURE 2. Median joining network genes showing 95 in Taxonomic status of the black fly Prosimulium italicum Rivosecchi (Diptera: Simuliidae) based on genetic evidence

FIGURE 2. Median joining network genes showing 95% probability linkages among 28 haplotypes of COI and COII genes obtained from 29 individuals of P. hirtipes and P. italicum. Mutational changes are represented by ticks across network connections. The area of each circle is proportional to the number of individuals sharing the haplotype.

Supplementary material 3 from: Lörz A-N, Tandberg AHS, Willassen E, Driskell A (2018) Rhachotropis (Eusiroidea, Amphipoda) from the North East Atlantic. In: Brix S, Lörz A-N, Stransky B, Svavarsson J (Eds) Amphipoda from the IceAGE-project (Icelandic marine Animals: Genetics and Ecology). ZooKeys 731: 75–101. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.731.19814

Figure S1. Tree showing COI sequence cluster derived from ABGD (Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery) analysis using simple distances and default parameter settings. :

Supplementary material 2 from: Brix S, Lorz A-N, Jazdzewska AM, Hughes L, Tandberg AHS, Pabis K, Stransky B, Krapp-Schickel T, Sorbe JC, Hendrycks E, Vader W, Frutos I, Horton T, Jazdzewski K, Peart R, Beermann J, Coleman CO, Buhl-Mortensen L, Corbari L, Havermans C, Tato R, Campean AJ (2018) Amphipod family distributions around Iceland. In: Brix S, Lorz A-N, Stransky B, Svavarsson J (Eds) Amphipoda from the IceAGE-project (Icelandic marine Animals: Genetics and Ecology). ZooKeys 731: 1-53. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.731.19854

Supplementary material 2 from: Brix S, Lorz A-N, Jazdzewska AM, Hughes L, Tandberg AHS, Pabis K, Stransky B, Krapp-Schickel T, Sorbe JC, Hendrycks E, Vader W, Frutos I, Horton T, Jazdzewski K, Peart R, Beermann J, Coleman CO, Buhl-Mortensen L, Corbari L, Havermans C, Tato R, Campean AJ (2018) Amphipod family distributions around Iceland. In: Brix S, Lorz A-N, Stransky B, Svavarsson J (Eds) Amphipoda from the IceAGE-project (Icelandic marine Animals: Genetics and Ecology). ZooKeys 731: 1-53. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.731.19854

Supplementary material 3 from: Brix S, Lorz A-N, Jazdzewska AM, Hughes L, Tandberg AHS, Pabis K, Stransky B, Krapp-Schickel T, Sorbe JC, Hendrycks E, Vader W, Frutos I, Horton T, Jazdzewski K, Peart R, Beermann J, Coleman CO, Buhl-Mortensen L, Corbari L, Havermans C, Tato R, Campean AJ (2018) Amphipod family distributions around Iceland. In: Brix S, Lorz A-N, Stransky B, Svavarsson J (Eds) Amphipoda from the IceAGE-project (Icelandic marine Animals: Genetics and Ecology). ZooKeys 731: 1-53. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.731.19854

Supplementary material 3 from: Brix S, Lorz A-N, Jazdzewska AM, Hughes L, Tandberg AHS, Pabis K, Stransky B, Krapp-Schickel T, Sorbe JC, Hendrycks E, Vader W, Frutos I, Horton T, Jazdzewski K, Peart R, Beermann J, Coleman CO, Buhl-Mortensen L, Corbari L, Havermans C, Tato R, Campean AJ (2018) Amphipod family distributions around Iceland. In: Brix S, Lorz A-N, Stransky B, Svavarsson J (Eds) Amphipoda from the IceAGE-project (Icelandic marine Animals: Genetics and Ecology). ZooKeys 731: 1-53. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.731.19854

Supplementary material 1 from: Brix S, Lorz A-N, Jazdzewska AM, Hughes L, Tandberg AHS, Pabis K, Stransky B, Krapp-Schickel T, Sorbe JC, Hendrycks E, Vader W, Frutos I, Horton T, Jazdzewski K, Peart R, Beermann J, Coleman CO, Buhl-Mortensen L, Corbari L, Havermans C, Tato R, Campean AJ (2018) Amphipod family distributions around Iceland. In: Brix S, Lorz A-N, Stransky B, Svavarsson J (Eds) Amphipoda from the IceAGE-project (Icelandic marine Animals: Genetics and Ecology). ZooKeys 731: 1-53. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.731.19854

Table 1. Samples used for present study. : Explanation note: Stations are organised according to the percentage of amphipods identified to the family level. Only the stations marked in green were used for primer analysis, while all were the basis for map preparation. Amphipod taxa are presented from the most to the least abundant in all samples.

Supplementary material 1 from: Lörz A-N, Tandberg AHS, Willassen E, Driskell A (2018) Rhachotropis (Eusiroidea, Amphipoda) from the North East Atlantic. In: Brix S, Lörz A-N, Stransky B, Svavarsson J (Eds) Amphipoda from the IceAGE-project (Icelandic marine Animals: Genetics and Ecology). ZooKeys 731: 75–101. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.731.19814

Table S1. Extended overview of all samples used in analyses with geographical and environmental details : Explanation note: Depths indicated in red have been found using the latitude and longitude information with the datapoint and the bathymetry-layer on Google Earth Pro. Depths indicated in blue are inferred from the general depths in the named (no latitude or longitude given) geographical location, given bathymetry-layer on Google Earth Pro.