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Figures 54–55 in Scorpions of Iran (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part X. Alborz, Markazi and Tehran Provinces with a description of Orthochirus carinatus sp. n. (Buthidae)

Figures 54–55: Distribution of Iranobuthus krali (top) and Mesobuthus eupeus eupeus (bottom), yellow icons. Outlines in each map delineate three provinces in northern Iran: Alborz (upper left), Markazi (lower left) and Tehran (upper right).

Figures 3–4 in Scorpions of Iran (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part X. Alborz, Markazi and Tehran Provinces with a description of Orthochirus carinatus sp. n. (Buthidae)

Figures 3–4: Orthochirus carinatus sp. n., female paratype from locality No. Al-101, dorsal (3) and ventral (4) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.

Figures 52–53 in Scorpions of Iran (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part X. Alborz, Markazi and Tehran Provinces with a description of Orthochirus carinatus sp. n. (Buthidae)

Figures 52–53: Distribution of Compsobuthus matthiesseni (top) and Hottentotta saulcyi (bottom), yellow icons. Outlines in each map delineate three provinces in northern Iran: Alborz (upper left), Markazi (lower left) and Tehran (upper right).

Figures 50–51 in Scorpions of Iran (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part X. Alborz, Markazi and Tehran Provinces with a description of Orthochirus carinatus sp. n. (Buthidae)

Figures 50–51: Distribution of Androctonus crassicauda (top) and Compsobuthus kaftani (bottom), yellow icons. Outlines in each map delineate three provinces in northern Iran: Alborz (upper left), Markazi (lower left) and Tehran (upper right).

Figures 23–44 in Scorpions of Iran (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part X. Alborz, Markazi and Tehran Provinces with a description of Orthochirus carinatus sp. n. (Buthidae)

Figures 23–44: Orthochirus carinatus sp. n., pedipalp segments. Figures 23–33. Male holotype, pedipalp chela, dorsal (23), external (24), and ventral (25) views, pedipalp patella, dorsal (26), external (27) and ventral (28) views, pedipalp femur and trochanter ventral (29), internal (30) and dorsal (31) views, pedipalp movable (32) and fixed (33) finger dentate margins. Figures 34–44. Female paratype from locality No. Al-101, pedipalp chela, dorsal (34), external (35), and ventral (36) views, pedipalp patella, dorsal (37), external (38) and ventral (39) views, pedipalp femur and trochanter ventral (40), internal (41) and dorsal (42) views, pedipalp movable (43) and fixed (44) finger dentate margins. The trichobothrial pattern is indicated in Figures 24–27 and 30–31 (white circles).

Figure 98 in A review of the genus Leiurus Ehrenberg, 1828 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) with description of four new species from the Arabian Peninsula

Figure 98: Selected morphometrics of Leiurus, Cicileiurus, Cicileus and Compsobuthus compared to other Buthus group scorpions. A–B. Scatter plots of the fraction of fixed finger length distal to db (A) and est (B) vs. the ratio of movable finger length to carapace length. Each point represents one sex of one species. Larger ordinate values correspond to more basal positions of the trichobothria, and larger abscissa values to longer pedipalp fingers. There was a significant inverse correlation between relative length of the portion of the fixed finger distal to db and est (R = -0.6534, -0.5488, respectively), and the relative length of the movable finger (the latter being a measure of elongation of both fixed and movable fingers). Highlighted symbols show that Leiurus (light magenta circles), Cicileiurus (red triangle), Cicileus (green squares) and Compsobuthus (yellow circles) are located in the lower right halves of the plots, i.e. all have relatively elongated fingers and more distal placement of both db and est. Gray circles are data from other Buthus group species. C. Scatter plot of the fraction of fixed finger length distal to db vs. the fraction distal to est. The strong positive correlation (R = 0.8052) indicates a tendency for db and est to move together towards more distal locations as the fixed finger becomes more elongated. Species above the diagonal (solid blue) have db proximal to est, and those below have db distal to est. Solid gray lines in A–C are fits by least squares regression through all points. D. Scatter plot of pedipalp femur L/W (a measure of pedipalp elongation) vs. carapace L (a measure of body size). These two variables were not significantly correlated (R = 0.094). Data were compiled from the literature and specimens in the authors collections for 38 genera and 203 species representing the majority of taxa in the Buthus group, including both males (N = 124) and females (N = 97). Genera (and number of species) included: Afghanobuthus (1), Androctonus (11), Apistobuthus (2), Baloorthochirus (1), Birulatus (2), Buthacus (13), Butheoloides (11), Butheolus (5), Buthiscus (1), Buthus (26), Cicileiurus (1), Cicileus (2), Compsobuthus (33), Congobuthus (1), Darchenia (1), Gint (1), Hemibuthus (1), Hottentotta (31), Leiurus (10), Liobuthus (1), Lissothus (3), Mesobuthus (7), Neobuthus (2), Odontobuthus (6), Orthochirus (12), Pantobuthus (1), Pectinibuthus (1), Plesiobuthus (1), Polisius (1), Razianus (3), Saharobuthus (1), Somalibuthus (1), Vachoniolus (4), Vachonus (1).

Figure 100 in A review of the genus Leiurus Ehrenberg, 1828 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) with description of four new species from the Arabian Peninsula

Figure 100: Geographic plot of locality data of material examined for five species of Leiurus from the Arabian Peninsula. Map colored by terrain with shaded relief, indicating major physiographic regions.

Figure 96 in A review of the genus Leiurus Ehrenberg, 1828 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) with description of four new species from the Arabian Peninsula

Figure 96: Carapace and tergites I–III of representatives of six genera of the Buthus group. A. Compsobuthus acutecarinatus (Simon, 1882), male, Jabal Qara, Oman. B. Cicileus exilis (Pallary, 1928), male, Hoggar, Algeria. C. Leiurus quinquestriatus (Ehrenberg, 1828), female, Egypt. D. Sassanidotus gracilis (Birula, 1900), female, Hormozgan Prov., Iran. E. Odontobuthus bidentatus Lourenço & Pézier, 2002, male, Omidiyeh, Iran. F. Apistobuthus susanae Lourenço 1998, male, Albadji, Iran. Scale bars: A, B, D: 1 mm; C, E, F: 2 mm.

Figure 93 in A review of the genus Leiurus Ehrenberg, 1828 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) with description of four new species from the Arabian Peninsula

Figure 93: Medial intercarinal areas of tergite III of female Leiurus spp. A. L. arabicus sp. n., paratype, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. B. L. arabicus sp. n., paratype, Wadi Khumrah, Saudi Arabia (NHMB 17bj). C. L. haenggii sp. n., paratype, Yemen. D. L. haenggii sp. n., paratype, Wadi Maraba, Saudi Arabia (NHMB 17al). E. L. heberti sp. n., paratype, Jabal Samhan. Oman. F. L. abdullahbayrami Yağmur, Koç et Kunt, 2009, Caybasi Village, Turkey. G. L. brachycentrus (Ehrenberg, 1829) stat. n., Al Mansuriah, Yemen. H. L. macroctenus sp. n., paratype, Masirah Island, Oman. I. L. hebraeus (Birula, 1908) stat. n., Israel (NHMB 17a). J. L. hebraeus Birula, 1908, Kurayyima, Jordan. K. L. quinquestriatus (Ehrenberg, 1828), Kharga Oasis, Egypt (NHMB 17i). L. L. jordanensis Lourenço, Modry et Amr, 2002, al-Tawil, Saudi Arabia.

Figure 95 in A review of the genus Leiurus Ehrenberg, 1828 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) with description of four new species from the Arabian Peninsula

Figure 95: Variation in key diagnostic biometrics of adult Leiurus spp. A. Cumulative distributions of position of trichobothrium db relative to est on pedipalp fixed finger for: L. abdullahbayrami (53), L. brachycentrus stat. n. (11), L. hebraeus stat. n. (38), L. macroctenus sp. n. (176), L. quinquestriatus (61), L. haenggii sp. n. (158), L. arabicus sp. n. (87) (number of fingers measured in parentheses). Data for males and females were pooled. The db–est distances were normalized to pedipalp movable finger length (chord length from finger tip to external articular condyle), with positive values indicating db distal to est, negative values indicating db proximal to est. Distributions of L. haenggii (µ = 0.06367) and L. arabicus sp. n. (µ = 0.06671) were not significantly different (P = 0.405148, t test), indicating a close relationship between these species. Distribution of L. quinquestriatus (µ = 0.047313) was significantly different from those of L. haenggii and L. arabicus (P = 0.000102 and 0.000030 respectively). B. Scatter plot of morphometric ratios of mid-pectine sensillar margin L (MPSM, indicated in inset) to metasoma I W, and to carapace L, showing differences in relative pectinal tooth size in females of nine species of Leiurus. C. A subset of the female data in Figure 95B, plotted as cumulative distributions of morphometric ratio of mid-pectine sensillar margin L to metasoma I W. Distributions of L. haenggii (µ = 0.102268) and L. arabicus (µ = 0.10432) were not significantly different (P> 0.1, K-S test). D. Scatter plot of morphometric ratios of mid-pectine sensillar margin L to metasoma I W (relative size of pectine teeth), and metasoma II L/W (slenderness of metasoma II) for females of nine species of Leiurus. A, C, D: symbol key as in Figure 95B.

Figures 14–22 in Scorpions of Iran (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part X. Alborz, Markazi and Tehran Provinces with a description of Orthochirus carinatus sp. n. (Buthidae)

Figures 14–22: Figures 14–16. Metasoma V ventral view of Orthochirus carinatus sp. n., female paratype from locality No. Al-115 (14), O. zagrosensis, male holotype (15) and O. fuscipes, male from Pakistan, Karachi (16), UV fluorescence. Figures 17–19. Orthochirus carinatus sp. n., female paratype from locality No. Al-101, metasoma and telson lateral (17), ventral (18), and dorsal (19) views. Figures 20–22. Orthochirus carinatus sp. n., male holotype, metasoma and telson lateral (20), ventral (21), and dorsal (22) views. Scale bars: 10 mm (17–19, 20–22).

Figure 91 in A review of the genus Leiurus Ehrenberg, 1828 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) with description of four new species from the Arabian Peninsula

Figure 91: Pigmentation patterns of metasoma IV, V of Leiurus species, ventral aspect. A. L. haenggii sp. n., holotype female, Ta'if, Saudi Arabia (NHMB 17k). B. L. macroctenus sp. n., holotype male, Thumrait, Oman. C. L. heberti sp. n., holotype male, Wadi Andur, Oman. D. L. quinquestriatus (Ehrenberg, 1828), female, Cairo, Egypt (NHMB 17d). E. L. brachycentrus (Ehrenberg, 1829) stat. n., male, Ad Darb, Saudi Arabia (NHMB 17ag). F. L. arabicus sp. n., holotype female, Kushm Dibi, Saudi Arabia (NHMB 17aq). G. L. hebraeus (Birula, 1908) stat. n., female, Israel (NHMB 17a). H. L. abdullahbayrami Yağmur, Koç et Kunt, 2009, male, Eski Sarkaya Village, Turkey. Scale bars: 2 mm.

Figure 88 in A review of the genus Leiurus Ehrenberg, 1828 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) with description of four new species from the Arabian Peninsula

Figure 88: Metasoma V and telson of Leiurus spp. Males, ventral aspect. A. L. abdullahbayrami Yağmur, Koç et Kunt, 2009. B. L. arabicus sp. n.. C. L. brachycentrus (Ehrenberg, 1829) stat. n.. D. L. haenggii sp. n.. E. L. heberti sp. n. F. L. hebraeus (Birula, 1908) stat. n.. G. L. macroctenus sp. n.. H. L. quinquestriatus (Ehrenberg, 1828). Locality data as in Figs. 9, 20, 31, 43, 55, 67, 79. Scale bars: 2 mm.

Figure 89 in A review of the genus Leiurus Ehrenberg, 1828 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) with description of four new species from the Arabian Peninsula

Figure 89: Metasoma V and telson of Leiurus spp. Females, lateral aspect. A. L. abdullahbayrami Yağmur, Koç et Kunt, 2009. B. L. arabicus sp. n. C. L. brachycentrus (Ehrenberg, 1829) stat. n. D. L. haenggii sp. n. E. L. heberti sp. n. F. L. hebraeus (Birula, 1908) stat. n. G. L. macroctenus sp. n. H. L. quinquestriatus (Ehrenberg, 1828). Locality data as in Figs. 9, 20, 31, 43, 55, 67, 79. Scale bars: 2 mm.

Figure 87 in A review of the genus Leiurus Ehrenberg, 1828 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) with description of four new species from the Arabian Peninsula

Figure 87: Metasoma V and telson of Leiurus spp. Males, lateral aspect. A. L. abdullahbayrami Yağmur, Koç et Kunt, 2009. B. L. arabicus sp. n.. C. L. brachycentrus (Ehrenberg, 1829) stat. n.. D. L. haenggii sp. n. E. L. heberti sp. n. F. L. hebraeus (Birula, 1908) stat. n.. G. L. macroctenus sp. n.. H. L. quinquestriatus (Ehrenberg, 1828). Locality data as in Figs. 9, 20, 31, 43, 55, 67, 79. Scale bars: 2 mm.

Figure 86 in A review of the genus Leiurus Ehrenberg, 1828 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) with description of four new species from the Arabian Peninsula

Figure 86: Leiurus jordanensis Lourenço, Modrý et Amr, 2002, female. A. Carapace and tergites. B. Coxosternal area and sternites. Al-Tawil, Saudi Arabia.

Figure 84 in A review of the genus Leiurus Ehrenberg, 1828 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) with description of four new species from the Arabian Peninsula

Figure 84: Leiurus abdullahbayrami Yağmur, Koç et Kunt, 2009, male. A. Carapace and tergites. B. Coxosternal area and sternites. Eski Sarkaya Village, Turkey.

Figure 83 in A review of the genus Leiurus Ehrenberg, 1828 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) with description of four new species from the Arabian Peninsula

Figure 83: Leiurus abdullahbayrami Yağmur, Koç et Kunt, 2009, female. A. Carapace and tergites. B. Coxosternal area and sternites. Çaybasi Village, Turkey.

Figure 97 in A review of the genus Leiurus Ehrenberg, 1828 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) with description of four new species from the Arabian Peninsula

Figure 97: Carapace and tergites I–III of Cicileiurus monticola Teruel, 2007, holotype female, Atlas Mountains, Morocco. Scale bar: 2 mm.

Figure 82 in A review of the genus Leiurus Ehrenberg, 1828 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) with description of four new species from the Arabian Peninsula

Figure 82: Leiurus quinquestriatus (Ehrenberg, 1828), 5 of 8 syntypes (ZMHB No. 140). Females: A, #12C01-3; B, #12C04-6. Males: C, #12C07-9; D, #12C10-3. Juvenile: E, #12C14-6. Egypt; Sudan. Scale bars (10 mm) apply to the habitus photos. Body lengths: A, 90 mm; B, 88 mm; C, 63 mm; D, 69 mm; E, 65 mm. Not shown are three additional fragmented juvenile syntypes.