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FIGURE 8 in A taxonomic synopsis of South American Cyanogomphini Carle with description of Cyanogomphus angelomachadoi sp. nov. from the Cerrado of Brazil (Odonata: Gomphidae)

FIGURE 8. Male caudal appendages of Cyanogomphini in lateral view (A, C, E, G, I), and detail of epiproct in laterodorsal view (B, D, F, H, J). A–B. Cyanogomphus angelomachadoi sp. nov., Holotype (Brazil. MG: Parque Nacional da Serra do Cipó, DZRJ 1449); C–D. Cyanogomphus waltheri Selys, 1873 (Brazil. RJ: Cachoeiras de Macacu, Boca do Mato, DZRJ 2493); E–F. Cyanogomphus comparabilis Belle, 1994, Holotype (Brazil. MT: Diamantino, ABMM); G–H. Tibiagomphus noval (Rodrigues Capítulo, 1985) (Brazil. RS: Jaguarão, MNRJ); I–J. Tibiagomphus uncatus (Fraser, 1947) (Brazil. SC: Nova Teutônia, MZSP). Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURE 5 in A new species of freshwater sponge, Heteromeyenia barlettai sp. nov. from an aquarium in São Paulo, Brazil (Spongillida: Spongillidae)

FIGURE 5. Scanning electron microscopy images of the spicule set of Heteromeyenia insignis Weltner, 1895 (MNRJ 0002). (a) Megascleres: acanthoxeas. (b) Detail of the shaft of a mesgasclere. (c) Acanthoxea microscleres' shapes. (d) Detail of the shaft of microscleres. (e) Pseudobirotule gemmulosclere. (f) Various shapes of birotule gemmuloscleres. (g) Detail of the pseudorotule of a pseudobirotule. (h) Detail of the rotule of a birotule. Scale bars: a 100 µm, b 10 µm, c, e, f 30 µm, d, g, h 5 µm.

FIGURE 2 in A new species of freshwater sponge, Heteromeyenia barlettai sp. nov. from an aquarium in São Paulo, Brazil (Spongillida: Spongillidae)

FIGURE 2. Scanning electron microscopy images of spicules of the holotype (UFPEPOR 1728) of Heteromeyenia barlettai sp. nov. (a) Megascleres: acanthoxeas. (b) Detail of the shaft of a megasclere. (c) Various shapes of acanthoxea microscleres. (d) Detail of the shaft of microscleres. (e) Various shapes of birotule gemmuloscleres. (f) Detail of the shaft of gemmuloscleres. (g) Detail of the rotules of gemmuloscleres. Scale bars: a 100 µm, b 10 µm, c, e 30 µm, d, f, g 5 µm.

FIGURE 1 in A new species of freshwater sponge, Heteromeyenia barlettai sp. nov. from an aquarium in São Paulo, Brazil (Spongillida: Spongillidae)

FIGURE 1. Heteromeyenia barlettai sp. nov. in situ. (a) H. barlettai sp. nov. (Holotype. UFPEPOR 1728) adhered to a leave of the macrophyte (Microsorum pteropusi). (b) H. barlettai sp. nov. adhered to a leave of the macrophyte (Vallisneria nana). (c) H. barlettai sp. nov. adhered to a root of the macrophyte (Pistia stratiotes). Scale bars: a – c 4 mm.

FIGURE 4. Heteromeyenia insignis Weltner, 1895 in A new species of freshwater sponge, Heteromeyenia barlettai sp. nov. from an aquarium in São Paulo, Brazil (Spongillida: Spongillidae)

FIGURE 4. Heteromeyenia insignis Weltner, 1895 (MNRJ 0002), dry specimen. Scale bars: a 1 cm, b, c 500 µm.

FIGURE 3 in A new species of freshwater sponge, Heteromeyenia barlettai sp. nov. from an aquarium in São Paulo, Brazil (Spongillida: Spongillidae)

FIGURE 3. Scanning electron microscopy images of gemmules of the holotype of Heteromeyenia barlettai sp. nov. (UFPEPOR 1728). (a) Gemmule. (b) Foramen of gemmule. (c) Well developed, tri-layered gemmular theca. Scale bars: a 300 µm, b, c 50 µm.

FIGURE 6 in A new species of freshwater sponge, Heteromeyenia barlettai sp. nov. from an aquarium in São Paulo, Brazil (Spongillida: Spongillidae)

FIGURE 6. Scanning electron microscopy images of the gemmules of Heteromeyenia insignis Weltner, 1895 (MNRJ 0002). (a) Gemmule. (b) Foramen of gemmule. (c) Well developed, tri-layered gemmular theca. Scale bars: a 300 µm, b, c 50 µm.

Figure 5 in Orthotrichum dentatum T.Kiebacher & Lüth sp. nov. (Orthotrichaceae)

Figure 5 Scanning electron microscopy images of Orthotrichum dentatum T.Kiebacher & Lüth. (A) Shoot with capsule. (B) Shoot with calyptra. (C) Capsule mouth and peristome. (D) Prostome remains (indicated by the arrows). (E) Smooth surface of the primary peristome layer (PPL) of an exostome pair of teeth. (F) Endostome segment with smooth PPL. (G) Endostome segment with smooth inner peristome layer (IPL). (H) Ornamentation of the outer peristome layer (OPL) of an exostome pair of teeth. (I) Detail of the basal exostome OPL with papillae on transversal ridges. (J) Detail of the ornamentation of the median and apical exostome OPL with longitudinal, transversal, and radial ridges. (A–F) From holotype; (G–J) T. Kiebacher 675.

Figure 4 in Orthotrichum dentatum T.Kiebacher & Lüth sp. nov. (Orthotrichaceae)

Figure 4 Morphological diagnostic characters of Orthotrichum dentatum T.Kiebacher & Lüth. (A) T. Kiebacher 705; (B) T. Kiebacher 704; (C) T. Kiebacher 782; (D) T. Kiebacher 711; (E) T. Kiebacher 716.

Figure 3 Orthotrichum dentatum T in Orthotrichum dentatum T.Kiebacher & Lüth sp. nov. (Orthotrichaceae)

Figure 3 Orthotrichum dentatum T.Kiebacher & Lüth. (A) Habit, dry. (B) Shoot, wet. (C) Stem section. (D.1) Median, (D.2) upper and (D.3) perichaetial leaves. (E) Decurrent leaf base of (E.1) median and (E.2) upper leaf. (F) Axillary hairs. (G) Leaf apices of (G.1) upper leaves, (G.2) leaves from a male branch with long apiculi. (H) Basal leaf cells. (I) Basal marginal leaf cells. (J) Upper leaf cells. (K) Leaf apex with gemmae formation. (L) Gemmae. (M) Calyptra. (N) Calyptra hairs. (O) Capsule, wet and dry. (P.1) Upper, (P.2) median, and (P.3) lower stoma. (Q) Uppermost part of capsule with exothetical cells, base of exostome teeth and prostome remains. (R) Peristome, internal view. (S) Endostome segments. Scales: (A, B, D, M, O) 500 μm; (C, E, F, G, K, L, N) 100 μm; (P, Q, R, S) 50 μm; (H, I, J) 20 μm. (A–F, G.1, H –K, O–R, S.1) From holotype; (G.2, L) T. Kiebacher 716; (M, N) T. Kiebacher 782; (S.2) T. Kiebacher 986.

Figure 6 in Orthotrichum dentatum T.Kiebacher & Lüth sp. nov. (Orthotrichaceae)

Figure 6 Known distribution of Orthotrichum dentatum T.Kiebacher & Lüth in the Italian and Swiss Alps. The localities are cited in Appendices 1 and 2. USGS EROS Data Center; ESRI: ArcWorld Supplement and Data Solutions, B.V.

Figure 1 Orthotrichum dentatum T in Orthotrichum dentatum T.Kiebacher & Lüth sp. nov. (Orthotrichaceae)

Figure 1 Orthotrichum dentatum T.Kiebacher & Lüth in southern Switzerland. (A) Lime tree (Tilia sp.) where O. dentatum was found for the first time in Switzerland. (B) Orthotrichum dentatum together with O. schimperi Hammar on the bark of the lime tree. The tuft in the front right position is O. dentatum and the tuft in the back left position is O. schimperi.

Figure 2 in Orthotrichum dentatum T.Kiebacher & Lüth sp. nov. (Orthotrichaceae)

Figure 2 Dry tuft of Orthotrichum dentatum T.Kiebacher & Lüth with the characteristic straw coloured, hairy calyptrae and strongly ribbed capsules with reflexed, pale exostome teeth. M. Lüth 8009.

FIGURES 182–192. Odontocheila exilis Bates. 182 in Taxonomic and nomenclatorial revision within the Neotropical genera of the subtribe Odontocheilina W. Horn in a new sense— 18. Six Mexican and Central American species related to Odontocheila mexicana Laporte de Castelnau and O. ignita Chaudoir, with a description of O. potosiana sp. nov.

FIGURES 182–192. Odontocheila exilis Bates. 182—head, ♂, Costa Rica, La Gamba (CCJM); 183–187—labrum: 183—♂, Panama, Bugaba, LT (BMNH); 184—♂, Panama, El Chirogo (KCBC); 185—♂, Costa Rica, La Gamba (CCJM); 186—♂, Costa Rica, Wilson Bot. Garden (CCJM); 187—♀, Bugaba, PLT (SDEI); 188–192—elytron: 188—♂, Bugaba, LT (BMNH); 189—♂, El Chirogo (KCBC); 190—♂, Wilson Bot. Garden (CCJM); 191—♀, ibid. (CCJM); 192—♀, Bugaba, PLT (SDEI). Bars = 1mm.

FIGURES 132–140. Odontocheila ignita Chaudoir. 132–133 in Taxonomic and nomenclatorial revision within the Neotropical genera of the subtribe Odontocheilina W. Horn in a new sense— 18. Six Mexican and Central American species related to Odontocheila mexicana Laporte de Castelnau and O. ignita Chaudoir, with a description of O. potosiana sp. nov.

FIGURES 132–140. Odontocheila ignita Chaudoir. 132–133—habitus: 132—♂, 9.7mm, Mexique, HT (MNHN); 133—♂, 9.8 mm, Mexico, Union Suarez (CCJM ex DBCN); 134—head, ♂, ibid. (CCJM ex DBCN); 135–139—labrum: 135—♂, HT (MNHN); 136—♂, Guatemala, Quezaltenango (CCJM ex DBCN); 137—♂, Mexico, Mapastepek (CCJM ex DBCN); 138—♀, Union Suarez (CCJM ex DBCN); 139—♀, Guatemala, Quezaltenango (CCJM ex DBCN); 140—original labels, HT (MNHN). Bars = 1mm.

FIGURES 158–176. Odontocheila ignita Chaudoir. 158–160 in Taxonomic and nomenclatorial revision within the Neotropical genera of the subtribe Odontocheilina W. Horn in a new sense— 18. Six Mexican and Central American species related to Odontocheila mexicana Laporte de Castelnau and O. ignita Chaudoir, with a description of O. potosiana sp. nov.

FIGURES 158–176. Odontocheila ignita Chaudoir. 158–160—pronotum: 158—♂, Guatemala, Zapote, LT of syn. O. cinctula Bates (BMNH); 159—♂, Mexico, Union Juarez (CCJM); 160—♀, Mexico, Mapastepek (CCJM); 161–176—aedeagus or its apex: 161—Mapastepek (CCJM); 162—ditto, internal sac; 163—ibid. (DBCN); 164—Zapote, LT of syn. O. cinctula (BMNH); 165–168—ibid., PLT of syn. O. cinctula: 165—(BMNH); 166—(SDEI); 167—(MNHN); 168—internal sac (SDEI); 169– 174—Union Juarez (DBCN and CCJM); 175–176—Guatemala, Quezaltenango (DBCN). Bars = 1mm.

FIGURES 141–148 in Taxonomic and nomenclatorial revision within the Neotropical genera of the subtribe Odontocheilina W. Horn in a new sense— 18. Six Mexican and Central American species related to Odontocheila mexicana Laporte de Castelnau and O. ignita Chaudoir, with a description of O. potosiana sp. nov.

FIGURES 141–148. Odontocheila ignita Chaudoir, type specimens of syn. O. cinctula Bates, Guatemala, Zapote. 141–142— habitus: 141—♂, LT (BMNH); 142—♀, PLT (MNHN); 143—head, ♂, PLT (SDEI); 144—head part with buccal appendages, ♀, PLT (MNHN); 145–147—labrum: 145—♂, PLT (SDEI); 146—♂, LT (BMNH); 147—♀, PLT (MNHN); 148— original labels, LT (BMNH). Bars = 1mm.

FIGURES 122–131 in Taxonomic and nomenclatorial revision within the Neotropical genera of the subtribe Odontocheilina W. Horn in a new sense— 18. Six Mexican and Central American species related to Odontocheila mexicana Laporte de Castelnau and O. ignita Chaudoir, with a description of O. potosiana sp. nov.

FIGURES 122–131. Odontocheila tawahka Johnson (Honduras, Krausirpi). 122—habitus, ♂, 8.8 mm, PT (FCCR); 123— head, ♂, PT (FCCR); 124–126—labrum: 124—♂, PT (FCCR); 125—♂, PT (DBCN); 126—♀, PT (NHMW); 127—pronotum, PT (DBCN); 128—aedeagus, PT (FCCR); 129–131—elytron: 129—♂, PT (FCCR); 130—♂, PT (DBCN); 131—♀, PT (NHMW). Bars = 1mm.

FIGURES 177–181. Odontocheila exilis Bates. 177–180 in Taxonomic and nomenclatorial revision within the Neotropical genera of the subtribe Odontocheilina W. Horn in a new sense— 18. Six Mexican and Central American species related to Odontocheila mexicana Laporte de Castelnau and O. ignita Chaudoir, with a description of O. potosiana sp. nov.

FIGURES 177–181. Odontocheila exilis Bates. 177–180—habitus: 177—♂, 9.6 mm, Panama, Bugaba, LT (BMNH); 178—♂, 8.1 mm, Panama, El Chirogo (KCBC); 179—♀, Costa Rica, Wilson Bot. Garden (CCJM); 180—♂, 10 mm, Costa Rica, La Gamba (CCJM); 181—original labels, LT (BMNH).

FIGURES 90–99. Odontocheila iodopleura Bates, male elytron. 90 in Taxonomic and nomenclatorial revision within the Neotropical genera of the subtribe Odontocheilina W. Horn in a new sense— 18. Six Mexican and Central American species related to Odontocheila mexicana Laporte de Castelnau and O. ignita Chaudoir, with a description of O. potosiana sp. nov.

FIGURES 90–99. Odontocheila iodopleura Bates, male elytron. 90—Nicaragua, Chontales, LT (BMNH); 91–92—Costa Rica, La Virgen (USNM); 93—Costa Rica, Hang Cerro Cacao (CCJM); 94—Costa Rica, Guácimo Earth (CCJM); 95—Costa Rica, Las Brisas (CCJM); 96—Nicaragua, Cerro Jesus (CCJM); 97—Costa Rica, Rio San Lorenzo (INBIO); 98—Costa Rica, Zurqui Tunnel (DBCN); 99—Costa Rica, Alajuela, Upala (USNM). Bar = 1mm.