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Fig. 10. A–G in Cutting the ribbon: bathyal Nemertea from seeps along the Costa Rica margin, with descriptions of 2 new genera and 9 new species

Fig. 10. A–G. Alvinonemertes dariae gen. et sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N281), transverse histological sections. H–N. Alvinonemertes claudiae gen. et sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N283), transverse histological sections. A. Anterior tip of head with proboscis pore. B. Brain region. C. Anterior brain region with cerebral canal (arrowhead). D. Stomach region with excretory canal. E. Posterior body region with testes. F. Lateral nerve cord with accessory nerve in stomach region. G. Proboscis armature, accessory stylet pouches with accessory stylets. H. Anterior tip of head with proboscis pore. I. Region anterior to cerebral ganglia with well-visible cerebral canal (arrowhead). J. Anterior brain region. K. Pyloric region. L. Proboscis and mid-dorsal vessel in stomach region. M. Proboscis armature, circular basis of central stylet. N. Proboscis armature, accessory stylet pouches with accessory stylets. Abbreviations: an = accessory nerve; ap = accessory stylet pouch; as = accessory stylet; bl = blood vessel; br = brain; cg = cephalic glands; cm = circular muscle layer; co = cerebral organ; dl = dorsal brain lobe; ec = excretory canal; gd = gonoduct; i = intestine; ic = intestinal cecum; ip = intestinal pouches; lm = longitudinal muscle layer; ln = lateral nerve cord; mv = mid-dorsal vessel; p = proboscis; pe = proboscis epithelium; pp = proboscis pore; py = pylorus; rc = rhynchocoel; rd = rhynchodaeum; sb = stylet basis; st = stomach; t = testis; vl = ventral brain lobe. Scale bars: A–G = 100 µm; H–N = 30 µm.

Fig. 8 in Cutting the ribbon: bathyal Nemertea from seeps along the Costa Rica margin, with descriptions of 2 new genera and 9 new species

Fig. 8. Live images of eumonostiliferous hoplonemerteans collected along the Costa Rica margin and the NE Pacific. A. Chernyshevia escarpiaphila sp. nov., paratype (SIO-BIC N112). B. Chernyshevia escarpiaphila sp. nov., paratype (SIO-BIC N266). C. Octocoral Paragorgia sp. (SIO-BIC Co3054) with several specimens of Alvinonemertes dariae sp. nov., holotype (arrows; ex SIO-BIC N262). D. Alvinonemertes dariae sp. nov., holotype (ex SIO-BIC N262).E. Antipatharian coral (SIO-BIC Co3031) with specimens of Alvinonemertes dagmarae sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N260). F. Alvinonemertes christianeae sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N253). G. Alvinonemertes claudiae sp. nov., holotype (ex SIO-BIC N231). H. Alvinonemertes tatjanae sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N119). I. Eumonostilifera (SIO-BIC N259). J–L. Tetrastemma sundbergi sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N256) whole animal (J), dorsal view of head (K), and ventral view of head (L). M. Tetrastemma polyakovae sp. nov. (MZUCR Nemertea Collection MZUCR-101-01). N. Tetrastemma polyakovae sp. nov., holotype (SIO-BIC N258), with everted proboscis. O. Eumonostilifera (SIO-BIC N109).

Fig. 7 in Cutting the ribbon: bathyal Nemertea from seeps along the Costa Rica margin, with descriptions of 2 new genera and 9 new species

Fig. 7. Maximum likelihood (ML) tree for the monostiliferan supermatrix based on the concatenated four gene dataset (16S, COI, 18S, H3). Black circles indicate nodal support of 100/100/1.0; asterisks indicate nodal support of either 100/ or /1.0. Alternative branches found in the BI analysis are given as blue dotted lines. Sonnenemertes cantelli Chernyshev, Abukawa & Kajihara, 2015 and Micrura callima Sundberg & Gibson, 1995 were used for outgroup rooting. Specimens belonging to new species are given in bold. Specimen-ID, sampling locality, and depth (for deep-sea species) are provided.

Fig. 6 in Cutting the ribbon: bathyal Nemertea from seeps along the Costa Rica margin, with descriptions of 2 new genera and 9 new species

Fig. 6. Maximum likelihood (ML) tree for the polystiliferan supermatrix based on the concatenated four gene dataset (16S, COI, 18S, H3). Black circles indicate nodal support of 100/100/1.0; asterisks indicate nodal support of either 100/ or /1.0. Alternative branches found in the BI analysis are given as blue dotted lines. Sonnenemertes cantelli Chernyshev, Abukawa & Kajihara, 2015 and Micrura callima Sundberg & Gibson, 1995 were used for outgroup rooting. The reptant hoplonemertean specimen collected at the Costa Rica margin is given in bold. Specimen-ID, sampling locality, and depth (for deep-sea species) are provided.

Fig. 5 in Cutting the ribbon: bathyal Nemertea from seeps along the Costa Rica margin, with descriptions of 2 new genera and 9 new species

Fig. 5. Maximum likelihood (ML) tree for the heteronemertean supermatrix based on the concatenated four gene dataset (16S, COI, 18S, H3). Numbers beside nodes indicate support values. Black circles indicate nodal support of 100/100/1.0; asterisks indicate nodal support of either 100/ or /1.0. Alternative branches found in the BI analysis are given as blue dotted lines. Tubulanus polymorphus Renier, 1804 and Carinoma mutabilis Griffin, 1898 were used for outgroup rooting. The specimen found at the Costa Rica margin is given in bold. Specimen-ID, sampling locality, and depth (for deep-sea species) are provided.

Fig. 4 in Cutting the ribbon: bathyal Nemertea from seeps along the Costa Rica margin, with descriptions of 2 new genera and 9 new species

Fig. 4. Tubulanus cf. lutescens Cantell, 2001 (SIO-BIC N277), transverse histological sections. A. Anterior region of head with proboscis pore. B. Posterior brain region with mouth opening and buccal nerves (arrowheads). C. Proboscis composition and the two proboscis nerves (arrowheads) in the foregut region. D. Brain region showing the cerebral canal. E. Body wall composition in the foregut region, arrowhead indicates upper dorsal nerve. F. Lateral nerve cord in the foregut region. Abbreviations: br = brain; cc = cerebral canal; cl = cephalic loop; dl = dorsal brain lobe; e = epidermis; es = esophagus; icm = inner circular muscle layer; lb = lateral blood vessel; lm = longitudinal muscle layer; ln = lateral nerve cord; mo = mouth opening; ocm = outer circular muscle layer; p = proboscis; pcm = circular musculature of proboscis; pcn = precerebral nerves; pe = proboscis epithelium; plm = longitudinal musculature of proboscis; pp = proboscis pore; rc = rhynchocoel; rcm = circular musculature of rhynchocoel; vc = ventral commissure; vl = ventral brain lobe. Scale bars: A–C, E = 200 µm; D, F = 100 µm.

Fig. 1. Sampling sites along the Costa Rica margin and exemplary habitat pictures. A in Cutting the ribbon: bathyal Nemertea from seeps along the Costa Rica margin, with descriptions of 2 new genera and 9 new species

Fig. 1. Sampling sites along the Costa Rica margin and exemplary habitat pictures. A. Map of the seven sampling sites along the Costa Rica margin: Cocos Canyon (CC), Jaco Scar (JS), Mound 11 (M11), Mound 12 (M12), Mound Jaguar (MJ), Parrita Seep (PS), and Quepos Plateau (QP). B. Aggregation of the vestamentiferan Escarpia spicata Jones, 1985. C. Nemerteans of the species Chernyshevia escarpiaphila sp. nov. (arrows) found on Escarpia spicata. Photo credit: ROV SuBastian/Schmidt Ocean Institute.

Fig. 2 in Cutting the ribbon: bathyal Nemertea from seeps along the Costa Rica margin, with descriptions of 2 new genera and 9 new species

Fig. 2. Maximum likelihood (ML) tree for the palaeonemertean supermatrix based on the concatenated four gene dataset (16S, COI, 18S, H3). Numbers beside nodes indicate support values. Black circles indicate nodal support of 100/100/1.0; asterisks indicate nodal support of either 100/ or /1.0. Alternative branches found in the BI analysis are given as blue dotted lines. Sonnenemertes cantelli Chernyshev, Abukawa & Kajihara, 2015 and Micrura callima Sundberg & Gibson, 1995 were used for outgroup rooting. Specimens belonging to the new species Tubulanus cf. lutescens are highlighted in bold. When available a specimen-ID, sampling locality, and depth (for deep-sea species) are provided. A statistical parsimony haplotype network based on the COI gene fragment reveals close relationship between Tubulanus cf. lutescens and Tubulanus lutescens.

Fig. 4 in Revision of the genera Pseudotraulia Laosinchai & Jago, 1980 and Bannacris Zheng, 1980 (Orthoptera: Acrididae) with proposal of new synonyms

Fig. 4. ♂ (DU) of Bannacris punctonotus Zheng, 1980 syn. nov. (= Pseudotraulia cornuata Laosinchai & Jago, 1980). A–B. Abdominal apex in dorsal and lateral views. C–G. Epiphallus in dorsal, dorsofrontal, frontal, dorsolateral and lateral views. H–J. Phallic complex in dorsal, lateral and ventral views.

Fig. 2 in Revision of the genera Pseudotraulia Laosinchai & Jago, 1980 and Bannacris Zheng, 1980 (Orthoptera: Acrididae) with proposal of new synonyms

Fig. 2. ♀♀ of Bannacris punctonotus Zheng, 1980 syn. nov. (= Pseudotraulia cornuata Laosinchai & Jago, 1980). A–D. Holotype (SNU), ♀. A–B. Habitus in dorsal and lateral views. C. Inner side of hind leg. D. Labels of the holotype (SNU), ♀. E–N. Closeup of additional materials. E, G–H. Head in frontal view. F. Head and thorax in lateral view. I–J. Meso- and metasterna. K. Outer side of hind femur. L–N. Abdomen in dorsal, lateral and ventral views.

Fig. 1 in Revision of the genera Pseudotraulia Laosinchai & Jago, 1980 and Bannacris Zheng, 1980 (Orthoptera: Acrididae) with proposal of new synonyms

Fig. 1. Pseudotraulia cornuata Laosinchai & Jago, 1980. A–E. Holotype (DAB), ♂. A–C. Habitus in dorsal, lateral and ventral views. D. Abdominal apex, lateral view. E. Labels. F–J. Paratype (DAB), ♀. F–H. Habitus in dorsal, lateral and ventral views. I. Abdominal apex, ventral view. J. Labels. K. Living ♀ from Chiang Rai Province, Northern Thailand. L. Living ♀ from Nan Province, Northern Thailand.

Fig. 3. Bannacris punctonotus Zheng, 1980 in Revision of the genera Pseudotraulia Laosinchai & Jago, 1980 and Bannacris Zheng, 1980 (Orthoptera: Acrididae) with proposal of new synonyms

Fig. 3. Bannacris punctonotus Zheng, 1980 syn. nov. (= Pseudotraulia cornuata Laosinchai & Jago, 1980). A–B. ♂ (SNU) from Yunnan, Jinghong, Jinuo, habitus in dorsal and lateral views. C–J. ♂ (DU) from Yunnan, Jinghong, Yexianggu. C–E. Habitus of in dorsal, lateral and ventral views. F. Head in frontal view.G. Head and thorax in lateral view. H. Meso- and metasterna in ventral view. I –J. Abdomen in dorsal and lateral views.

Figures 1–2 in First host record, nesting behavior, and taxonomic position of the spider wasp genus Hesperopompilus Evans and some other Evans genera (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)

Figures 1–2. Hesperopompilus sp. (undescribed). 1) Female dragging a Eustala anastera (Araneidae), adult or subadult female, backwards across an exposed tree rootlet, grasping the immobilized orb-weaver spider by its left second coxa with her mandibles. The spider was held slightly above the substrate in a cephalothorax upright position. 2) Female in front of her nest entrance excavating a burrow in sandy soil using her forelegs alternately. She held her apical antenna segments against the floor of the opening and wings flat on her dorsum. Photographs © Yukioz.

Figures 3–4. Pompilid spp. and their hosts. 3 in First host record, nesting behavior, and taxonomic position of the spider wasp genus Hesperopompilus Evans and some other Evans genera (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)

Figures 3–4. Pompilid spp. and their hosts. 3) Ammosphex anomalus, identified initially as Perissopompilus phoenix, female dragging a Xysticus sp. (Thomisidae), adult female, backwards across stony ground, grasping the femur of its right hind leg with her mandibles. Photograph © Alice Abela. 4) Xerochares expulsus female dragging an Olios giganteus (Sparassidae), immature male, backwards across the ground, grasping the trochanter of its left foreleg with her mandibles. Photograph © Kelly Harrington.

FIG. 6 in Review of the "red" Empoascini leafhoppers in the genera Baguoidea Mahmood, 1967, Dayus Mahmood, 1967 and Homa Distant, 1908 (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae) from Asia and the West Pacific

FIG. 6. — Male genitalia of Homa insignis Distant, 1908 from Thailand specimen: A, genital capsule; B, pygofer, lateral view; C, pygofer, dorsal view; D, anal tube, lateral view; E, aedeagus and connective, lateral view; F, aedeagus and connective, ventral view; G, subgenital plate, lateral view; H, style. Reproduced from Xu et al. (2022, figs 38-45) (as H. haematoptilus, misidentification), with permission from copyright holder.

FIG. 2 in Review of the "red" Empoascini leafhoppers in the genera Baguoidea Mahmood, 1967, Dayus Mahmood, 1967 and Homa Distant, 1908 (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae) from Asia and the West Pacific

FIG. 2. — Dayus Mahmood, 1967 species: A-F, Dayus euryphaessus (Kirkaldy, 1907), A, B, holotype, dorsal habitus and labels respectively; C-F, types Empoasca euryphaessa rubrocincta Linnavuori, 1960, C, D, allotype, dorsal habitus and labels respectively, E, F, holotype, dorsal habitus and labels respectively; G-N, Dayus upoluanus (Osborn, 1934), G, dorsal habitus of female paratype; H, labels of same; I, male basal dorsal apodemes; J, male pygofer, lateral view; K subgenital plate, ventral view; L, Xth segment, ventral view; M, aedeagus, lateral view; N, aedeagus, connective and style, ventral view. Scale bars: A, C, E, 0,75 mm; G, 2 mm.

FIG. 3 in Review of the "red" Empoascini leafhoppers in the genera Baguoidea Mahmood, 1967, Dayus Mahmood, 1967 and Homa Distant, 1908 (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae) from Asia and the West Pacific

FIG. 3. — Baguoidea rufa (Melichar, 1903) (from types of junior synonym, B. yunnanensis Qin & Zhang, 2010): A, Head and thorax, dorsal view; B, face; C, forewing; D, hind wing; E, male pygofer, lateral view; F, male pygofer, dorsal view; G, male pygofer internal process; H, style; I, aedeagus and connective, lateral view; J, same, ventral view; K, male anal tube, lateral view; L, subgenital plate; M, male dorsal abdominal apodemes. Reproduced from Qin et al. (2010: figs 15-27), with permission from copyright holder.

FIG. 5 in Review of the "red" Empoascini leafhoppers in the genera Baguoidea Mahmood, 1967, Dayus Mahmood, 1967 and Homa Distant, 1908 (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae) from Asia and the West Pacific

FIG. 5. — Homa sinensis Qin & Zhang, 2011: A, head and thorax, dorsal view; B, same lateral view; C, face; D, forewing; E, hind wing; F, male genital capsule, lateral view; G, male pygofer, dorsal view; H, male pygofer, lateral view; I, male basal abdominal apodemes; J, male anal tube process, lateral view; K, aedeagus and connective, dorsal view; L, aedeagus and connective, lateral view; M, subgenital plate, ventral view; N, style. Reproduced from Qin et al. (2011, figs 1-13), with permission from copyright holder.

FIG. 4 in Review of the "red" Empoascini leafhoppers in the genera Baguoidea Mahmood, 1967, Dayus Mahmood, 1967 and Homa Distant, 1908 (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae) from Asia and the West Pacific

FIG. 4. — Dayus lamellatus Qin & Zhang, 2007: A, head and thorax, dorsal view; B, face; C, male pygofer, lateral view; D, aedeagus and connective, lateral view; E, aedeagus and connective, ventral view; F, male abdominal apodemes of third tergite (upper) and 8th sternite (lower); G, style; H, male pygofer internal process; I, subgenital plate, ventral view; J, male anal tube process, lateral view. Reproduced from Qin & Zhang (2007, figs 22-29), with permission from copyright holder.

FIG. 4 in The genera Famelica Bouchet & Warén, 1980 and Aliceia Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1897 (Conoidea Raphitomidae) collected by the MD55 expedition in the Brazilian coast with descriptions of two new species

FIG. 4. — Shell of Famelica pukua n. sp. holotype MZSP 116406: A, frontal view (L 8.8 mm); B, dorsal view; C, apex, two views; D, detail of penultimate whorl. Scales bars: 0.5 mm.