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Fig. 1 in 1,3-Dioxepine and spiropyran derivatives of viomellein and other dimeric naphthopyranones from cultures of Aspergillus elegans KUFA0015 and their antibacterial activity

Fig. 1. Structures of specialised metabolites isolated from the cultures of the marine sponge-associated fungus Aspergillus elegans KUFA0015.

Fig. 7 in Cardiac glycosides from the roots of Streblus asper Lour. and their apoptosis-inducing activities in A549 cells

Fig. 7. Western blot analysis of caspases-3, -8, -9, Bax, and Bcl-2 in A549 cells with compound 3 (1 μM) for 8 and 24 h. The results are from one representative experiment among three runs, showed similar patterns. Significantly different (***p <0.001) compared with the initial model group.

Fig. 6 in Cardiac glycosides from the roots of Streblus asper Lour. and their apoptosis-inducing activities in A549 cells

Fig. 6. Induction of apoptosis against A549 cells treated with compound 3. (PI: propidium iodide; N: negative control; C: compound 3) (A) Apoptotic cells in the compound 3 (1 μM) treated A549 cells at 12, 24, and 48 h. (B) Negative, control group DMSO at 48 h. (C) Early apoptosis and late apoptosis of A549 cells compared with negative group at 48 h. Each value is the mean of three experiments. Significant different (***p <0.001) compared with control model group.

Fig. 5 in Cardiac glycosides from the roots of Streblus asper Lour. and their apoptosis-inducing activities in A549 cells

Fig. 5. Detection of cell shrinkage induced by compound 3, and fragmentation by nuclear staining with Hoechst 33342 in A549 cells, which were cultured for 24 h.

Fig. 7 in 1,3-Dioxepine and spiropyran derivatives of viomellein and other dimeric naphthopyranones from cultures of Aspergillus elegans KUFA0015 and their antibacterial activity

Fig. 7. Models of 6 representing the two lowest energy conformations of the central ring (groups G1, left, and G2, right) as well as the lowest energy transition state model TS for the conversion between G1 and G2. For correct 3D interpretation of these projections, consider the H-11 nuclei nearer to the observer and the methoxy groups farther from the observer.

Fig. 6 in 1,3-Dioxepine and spiropyran derivatives of viomellein and other dimeric naphthopyranones from cultures of Aspergillus elegans KUFA0015 and their antibacterial activity

Fig. 6. Expansion and assignments of 1H NMR spectra of H-11 geminal nuclei, Ha and Hb, at two different temperatures, in DMSO‑d6, at 500 MHz. The measured scalar coupling constant of 5 Hz is within the typical range for geminal protons. Assignments refer to labels used in Fig. 7.

Fig. 5 in Catecholic alkaloid sulfonates and aromatic nitro compounds from Portulaca oleracea and screening of their anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activities

Fig. 5. Possible biosynthetic pathway for the nitro derivatives, catecholic alkaloids and their sulfonates from P. oleracea (DDC: dopa decarboxylase; RNS: reactive nitrogen species; TH: tyrosine hydroxylase).

Fig. 2 in Molecular characterization and evaluation of the antibacterial activity of a plant defensin peptide derived from a gene of oat (Avena sativa L.)

Fig. 2. Identification and characterization of AsDef1 (A) The identification steps of AsDef1. (B) Complete ORF of AsDef1. The exons and intron sequences have been shown in black and grey, respectively.

Fig. 3 in Molecular characterization and evaluation of the antibacterial activity of a plant defensin peptide derived from a gene of oat (Avena sativa L.)

Fig. 3. Multiple sequence alignment of AsDef1 and defensins from mono- and dicotyledon plants. Gaps () were introduced to improve the alignment. The numbers above the sequences show the position of amino acids and the numbering must take into account the gaps. Black and grey colors indicate identical and conservative amino acids, respectively. The red box shows the conserved γ-core motif. Disulfide bonds are indicated by bidirectional arrows. Knot1 functional domain and signal sequence have been shown by grey and black lines, respectively. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 5 in Molecular characterization and evaluation of the antibacterial activity of a plant defensin peptide derived from a gene of oat (Avena sativa L.)

Fig. 5. Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic tree of AsDef1 and defensins from mono- and di-cotyledon plants. Blue (monocot group) and red (dicot group) highlights are two groups of defensins. The AsDef1 has been indicated by blue triangle. Below each defensin name, their GenBank accession number is shown. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 5 in Diverse alkaloids from the aerial parts of Aconitum carmichaelii and antiproliferative activity of costemline via inhibiting SIRT1/ROCK1/ P-STAT3 pathways

Fig. 5. The protein levels of ROCK1/SIRT1 and STAT3/P-STAT3 in colorectal cancer (CRC). (A) Western blot was used to analyze the expression or phosphorylation level of ROCK1, SIRT1 and STAT3 after HCT116 cells in the above groups were treated with 20 μM/40 μM compound 1 for 24 h. (B) At the protein level, the relative expression of SIRT1 and ROCK1/STAT3 signal was inhibited by compound 1 in HCT-116 cells. **p <0.01, ***p <0.001, ****p <0.0001 vs. control group.

Fig. 7 in Molecular characterization and evaluation of the antibacterial activity of a plant defensin peptide derived from a gene of oat (Avena sativa L.)

Fig. 7. The results of primary evaluation of the growth rate of bacteria under the effect of AsDef1 at 0.078215 μM. All assays were done in three replications. The bars represent standard errors. The star indicates a significance at p <0.05 level. The values above the bars show inhibition percentage.

Fig. 1 in Molecular characterization and evaluation of the antibacterial activity of a plant defensin peptide derived from a gene of oat (Avena sativa L.)

Fig. 1. Agarose gel electrophoresis of PCR products of AsDef1. (A) PCR on cDNA template, M: 100 bp marker, C-: Negative control, D: AsDef1. (B) PCR on DNA template. M: 1 kb marker, C-: Negative control (double-distilled water), D: AsDef1.

Fig. 4. Compound 1 in Diverse alkaloids from the aerial parts of Aconitum carmichaelii and antiproliferative activity of costemline via inhibiting SIRT1/ROCK1/ P-STAT3 pathways

Fig. 4. Compound 1 inhibited invasion of HCT116 colon cancer cells in a transwell assay, which showed by representative images (A) and attached data (B). Cells were incubated with compound 1 (a) 0 μM, (b) 5 μM, (c) 10 μM for 24 h (original magnification, × 200). Quantitative data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation of 3 replicates, relative to the 0 μM control group. **p <0.01 vs. the 0 μM control group.

Fig. 4 in Molecular characterization and evaluation of the antibacterial activity of a plant defensin peptide derived from a gene of oat (Avena sativa L.)

Fig. 4. Amino acid sequence, secondary and 3D structures of AsDef1 without signal sequence. The α-helix and β-strands has been indicated within the sequence by color shading. The N- and C-terminals of AsDef1 peptide have been indicated by black circles. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 6 in Catecholic alkaloid sulfonates and aromatic nitro compounds from Portulaca oleracea and screening of their anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activities

Fig. 6. Dose-dependent inhibition of nitro derivative 12 against LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells (n = 3) (****p <0.0001, versus vehicle control, ####p <0.0001, versus LPS-treated model, 3,4-dihydroxy-benzohydroxamic acid (Didox) was used as the positive control with IC value of 70 μM).

Fig. 4 in Catecholic alkaloid sulfonates and aromatic nitro compounds from Portulaca oleracea and screening of their anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activities

Fig. 4. Calculated and experiment ECD of compounds 4, 10–11, 15–17 and their possible stereostructures

Fig. 7 in Sarcoelegans A-H, eight undescribed cembranes with anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic activities from the South China Sea soft coral Sarcophyton elegans

Fig. 7. Anti-thrombotic assays of compounds 2–3. (A) Images of staining intensity of erythrocytes in heart in arachidonic acid (AA)-induced thrombus in zebrafish, treated with sarcoelegans B–C (2–3), using aspirin as positive control. (B) Quantitative analysis of staining intensity of erythrocytes in heart in zebrafish treated with sarcoelegans B–C (2–3) in zebrafish. (C) Images of area of caudal vein thrombosis in arachidonic acid (AA)-induced thrombus in zebrafish, treated with sarcoelegans B–C (2–3), using aspirin as positive control. (D) Quantitative analysis of area of caudal vein thrombosis in zebrafish treated with sarcoelegans B–C (2–3) in zebrafish. #### Indicates that the arachidonic acid model group has a very significant difference compared with the control group (P <0.01). ** indicate that sample groups have significant differences compared with the arachidonic acid model group (P <0.01).

Fig. 4 in Sarcoelegans A-H, eight undescribed cembranes with anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic activities from the South China Sea soft coral Sarcophyton elegans

Fig. 4. ORTEP drawing of compounds 1, 4, 6, and 8. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 50% probability.

Fig. 6. Linear correlation plots between the experimental and calculated 13C in Structurally diverse alkaloids with nine frameworks from Zephyranthes candida and their acetylcholinesterase inhibitory and anti-inflammatory activities

Fig. 6. Linear correlation plots between the experimental and calculated 13C NMR data for two isomers of 2.