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9,937 results for “Endemicity”
Fig. 1 in Review of the genus Superciliaris Meng, Qin & Wang, 2020 (Hemiptera, Fulgoroidea, Issidae): from island endemic to wide Oriental distribution
Fig. 1. Superciliaris anichkini sp. nov., ♂, holotype (ZIN), external view. A. Dorsal view. B. Lateral view. C. Frontal view. Scale bar = 1 mm.
Fig. 4 in Review of the genus Superciliaris Meng, Qin & Wang, 2020 (Hemiptera, Fulgoroidea, Issidae): from island endemic to wide Oriental distribution
Fig. 4. Superciliaris spp., external view (weak carinae and margins are indicated by dotted lines). A–C. S. anichkini sp. nov., ♂, holotype (ZIN). A. Half of face and left paranotal lobe, frontal view. B. Face, frontal view. C. Tegula and basal part of forewing, lateral view. D–E. S. celebensis sp. nov., ♂, holotype (BMNH). D. Face, frontal view. E. Tegula and basal part of forewing, lateral view. F–G. S. tawaiensis sp. nov., ♂, holotype (BMNH). F. Face, frontal view. G. Tegula and basal part of forewing, lateral view. Abbreviation: sc = sublateral carinae of metope. No to scale.
Fig. 7 in Review of the genus Superciliaris Meng, Qin & Wang, 2020 (Hemiptera, Fulgoroidea, Issidae): from island endemic to wide Oriental distribution
Fig. 7. Superciliaris tawaiensis sp. nov., ♂, holotype (BMNH), genitalia. A. Penis, lateral view. B. Penis, ventral view. C. Anal tube, dorsal view. D. Anal tube, lateral view. E. Style, lateral view. F. Style, dorsal view. No to scale.
Fig. 7 in Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Fig. 7. Patterns of distribution, richness, abundance and endemism for Hornschuchia Nees. In green the legal delimitation of the Atlantic Forest and forest remnants. A. Distribution of Hornschuchia, 105 points of occurrence. B. Species richness of Hornschuchia. C. Species abundance of Hornschuchia. D. Bioregions found by InfoMap Bioregions for Hornschuchia. Abbreviations: BA = Bahia; ES = Espírito Santo; MG = Minas Gerais; RJ= Rio de Janeiro.
Fig. 6 in Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Fig. 6. Geographical distribution of Hornschuchia mellosilvae L.Vilela & J.C.Lopes, H. polyantha Maas and H. santosii D.M.Johnson. Abbreviations: BA = Bahia.
Fig. 5 in Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Fig. 5. Geographical distribution of Hornschuchia mediterranea Mello-Silva & D.M.Johnson, H. myrtillus Nees and H. obliqua Maas & Setten. Abbreviations: BA = Bahia; ES = Espírito Santo.
Fig. 3 in Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Fig. 3. Geographical distribution of Hornschuchia cauliflora Maas & Setten, H. citriodora D.M.Johnson, H. leptandra D.M.Johnson and H. lianarum D.M.Johnson. Abbreviations: BA = Bahia; ES = Espírito Santo; MG = Minas Gerais.
Fig. 4 in Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Fig. 4. Morphological characters of some species of Hornschuchia Nees. A. H. citriodora D.M.Johnson, branch with flower (J. Kallunki 342, SPF). B–C. H. mediterranea Mello-Silva & D.M.Johnson (W. Thomas 12313, NY). B. Floral bud. C. Flower. D. H. obliqua Maas & Setten, branch with terminal ramified inflorescence (A.M. Carvalho 798, NY). E. H. santosii D.M.Johnson, monocarp (P. Fiaschi 1226, SPF). Drawing by Laura Montserrat.
Fig. 2 in Hornschuchia (Annonaceae), an endemic and threatened genus from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Fig. 2. Morphological characters of Hornschuchia bryotrophe Nees. A. Habit, showing the cauliflorous inflorescence emerging from the base of the trunk with inflorescence branches highly ramified (J.C. Lopes 111, SPF). B. Inflorescence branch with floral buds (J.R. Pirani 3074, SPF). C. Flower (L.F.S. Magnago 1646, SPF). D. Monocarp (C. Roccini 7, SPF). Drawing by Laura Montserrat.
Recovered frog populations coexist with endemic Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis despite load-dependent mortality
<p>Novel infectious diseases, particularly those caused by fungal pathogens, pose considerable risks to global biodiversity. The amphibian chytrid fungus (<em>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</em>, <em>Bd</em>) has demonstrated the scale of the threat, having caused the greatest recorded loss of vertebrate biodiversity attributable to a pathogen. Despite catastrophic declines on several continents, many affected species have experienced population recoveries after epidemics. However, the potential ongoing threat of endemic <em>Bd</em> in these recovered or recovering populations is still poorly understood. We investigated the threat of endemic <em>Bd</em> to frog populations that recovered after initial precipitous declines, focusing on the endangered rainforest frog <em>Mixophyes fleayi</em>. We conducted extensive field surveys over four years at three independent sites in eastern Australia. First, we compared <em>Bd</em> infection prevalence and infection intensities within frog communities to reveal species-specific infection patterns. Then, we analyzed capture-recapture data of <em>M. fleayi</em> to estimate the impact of <em>Bd</em> infection intensity on apparent mortality rates and <em>Bd</em> infection dynamics. We found that <em>M. fleayi</em> had lower infection intensities than sympatric frogs across the three sites, and cleared infections at higher rates than they gained infections throughout the study period. By incorporating time-varying individual infection intensities, we show that healthy <em>M. fleayi</em> populations persist despite increased apparent mortality associated with infrequent high <em>Bd</em> loads. Infection dynamics were influenced by environmental conditions, with <em>Bd</em> prevalence, infection intensity, and rates of gaining infection associated with lower temperatures and increased rainfall. However, mortality remained constant year-round despite these fluctuations in <em>Bd</em> infections, suggesting major mortality events did not occur over the study period. Together, our results demonstrate that while <em>Bd</em> is still a potential threat to recovered populations of <em>M. fleayi</em>, high rates of clearing infections and generally low average infection loads likely minimize mortality caused by <em>Bd</em>. Our results are consistent with pathogen resistance contributing to the coexistence of <em>M. fleayi </em>with endemic <em>Bd</em>. We emphasize the importance of incorporating infection intensity into disease models rather than infection status alone. Similar population and infection dynamics likely exist within other recovered amphibian-<em>Bd</em> systems around the globe, promising longer-term persistence in the face of endemic chytridiomycosis.</p>
Figs 80–81 in Integrating morphology with phylogenomics to describe four island endemic species of Temnothorax from Sicily and Malta (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)
Figs 80–81. Geographic distribution of the four taxa treated in this study. Note that the shallow water area (light grey) between Sicily and the Maltese Islands roughly corresponded to a land bridge during glaciations.
Figs 64–74 in Integrating morphology with phylogenomics to describe four island endemic species of Temnothorax from Sicily and Malta (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)
Figs 64–74. Specimens of Temnothorax vivianoi Schifani, Alicata & Prebus sp. nov. in lateral (left), dorsal (center) and head view (right). Photos by Enrico Schifani, available onwww.antweb.org, specimen identifiers in parentheses. 64–66. Holotype worker from Monte Pellegrino (Palermo Mountains, Sicily) (ANTWEB1041551). 67–69. Paratype worker from Monte Pellegrino (Palermo Mountains, Sicily) (ANTWEB1041552). 70–72. Paratype queen from Monte Pellegrino (Palermo Mountains, Sicily) (ANTWEB1041553). 73–74. Damaged male from Palermo Mountains (Sicily) (ANTWEB1041554). Scale bars = 0.5 mm.
Figs 75–78 in Integrating morphology with phylogenomics to describe four island endemic species of Temnothorax from Sicily and Malta (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)
Figs 75–78. Morphometric differentiation of the four taxa treated in this study based on the worker caste. 75. Principal component analysis of all nine morphometric characters (excluding indices). 76. Scatter plot of eye size index (EYE/CS) against cephalic length index (CL/CW). 77. Scatter plot of absolute spines length (SPST) against cephalic size (CS). 78. Scatter plot of spine length index (SPST/ CL) against scape length index (SL/CS).
Fig. 79. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred with IQTREE ver. 2.1.2 in Integrating morphology with phylogenomics to describe four island endemic species of Temnothorax from Sicily and Malta (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)
Fig. 79. Maximum likelihood phylogeny inferred with IQTREE ver. 2.1.2. The major clades found in Prebus (2017) are highlighted, and the focal species of the current study (all within the 'Palearctic clade IV') are evidenced as in Figs 75–78. Maximum likelihood bootstrap support for all nodes are 100, except where indicated.
Figs 46–63 in Integrating morphology with phylogenomics to describe four island endemic species of Temnothorax from Sicily and Malta (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)
Figs 46–63. Specimens of Temnothorax poldii Alicata, Schifani & Prebus sp. nov. in lateral (left), dorsal (center) and head view (right). Photos by Enrico Schifani, available on www.antweb.org, specimen identifiers in parentheses. 46–48. Holotype worker from Monte Arso (Etna, Sicily) (ANTWEB1041545). 49–51. Worker from Vallone Madonne degli Angeli (Madonie, Sicily) (ANTWEB1041546). 52– 54. Paratype worker from Monte Ruvolo (Etna, Sicily) (ANTWEB1041547). 55–57. Worker from Monte Manfrè (Etna, Sicily) (ANTWEB1041548), with ergatogynes characters in the mesosoma. 58– 60. Paratype queen from Monte Arso (Etna, Sicily) (ANTWEB1041549). 61–63. Paratype male from Monte Ruvolo (Etna, Sicily) (ANTWEB1041550). Scale bars = 0.5 mm.
Figs 34–45 in Integrating morphology with phylogenomics to describe four island endemic species of Temnothorax from Sicily and Malta (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)
Figs 34–45. Specimens of Temnothorax marae Alicata, Schifani & Prebus sp. nov. in lateral (left), dorsal (center) and head view (right). Photos by Enrico Schifani, available on www.antweb.org, specimen identifiers in parentheses. 34–36. Holotype worker from Vendicari (Hyblaean Sicily) (ANTWEB1041541). 37–39. Paratype worker from Vendicari (Hyblaean Sicily) (ANTWEB1041542). 40–42. Queen from Bosco di Santo Pietro (Hyblaean Sicily) (ANTWEB1041543), note that the lateral image was edited to compensate for the fact that the petiole and gaster plus postpetiole were accidentally disarticulated. 43–45. Male from Bosco di Santo Pietro (Hyblaean Sicily) (ANTWEB1041544). Scale bars = 0.5 mm.
Figs 19–33 in Integrating morphology with phylogenomics to describe four island endemic species of Temnothorax from Sicily and Malta (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)
Figs 19–33. Specimens of Temnothorax lagrecai (Baroni Urbani, 1964) in lateral (left), dorsal (center) and head view (right). Photos available on www.antweb.org, specimen identifiers in parentheses. 19– 21. Worker from Monte Pellegrino (Palermo mountains, Sicily) (ANTWEB1041536), photo by Enrico Schifani. 22–24. Paratype worker from Bosco di Santo Pietro (Hyblaean Sicily) (ANTWEB1041537), photo by Elia Nalini. 25–27. Worker from Bosco di Linera (Etna, Sicily) (ANTWEB1041538), photo by Enrico Schifani. 28–30. Queen from Bosco di Santo Pietro (type locality, Hyblaean Sicily) (ANTWEB1041539), photo by Enrico Schifani. 31–33. Male from Bosco di Santo Pietro (type locality, Hyblaean Sicily) (ANTWEB1041540), photo by Enrico Schifani. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.
Figs 13–15 in Integrating morphology with phylogenomics to describe four island endemic species of Temnothorax from Sicily and Malta (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)
Figs 13–15.Head sculpture variation in workers of Temnothorax Mayr, 1861, photos fromwww.antweb.org, specimen identifiers in parentheses. 13. T. alienus Schulz, Heinze & Pusch, 2007, type specimen from Italy (ANTWEB1041297), photo by Roland Schultz, weak longitudinal striae on a background of dense alveolate sculpture. 14. T. flavicornis (Emery, 1870), type specimen from Italy (CASENT0904761), photo by Will Ericson, strong longitudinal striae with a shiny background. 15. T. tebessae (Forel, 1890), type specimen from Algeria (CASENT0909034), photo by Will Ericson, extremely weak and few longitudinal striae on a shiny background.
Fig. 82 in Integrating morphology with phylogenomics to describe four island endemic species of Temnothorax from Sicily and Malta (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)
Fig. 82. Spatial characterization of the sites where the four species treated in this study were found.
Figs 16–18 in Integrating morphology with phylogenomics to describe four island endemic species of Temnothorax from Sicily and Malta (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)
Figs 16–18. Morphometric characters recorded from workers of Temnothorax Mayr, 1861 in this study. The background image is a paratype worker of T. lagrecai (Baroni Urbani, 1964) from the Natural History Museum of Vienna, photos by Anna Pal available from www.antweb.org, specimen identifier CASENT0919741. 16. Head view. 17. Lateral profile view. 18. Dorsal view of the mesosoma.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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