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33,754 results for “Enhancers”
Data from: Enhancing the security of pattern unlock with surface EMG-based biometrics
Pattern unlock is a popular screen unlock scheme that protects the sensitive data and information stored in mobile devices from unauthorized access. However, it is also susceptible to various attacks, including guessing attacks, shoulder surfing attacks, smudge attacks, and side-channel attacks, which can achieve a high success rate in breaking the patterns. In this paper, we propose a new two-factor screen unlock scheme that incorporates surface electromyography (sEMG)-based biometrics with patterns for user authentication. sEMG signals are unique biometric traits suitable for person identification, which can greatly improve the security of pattern unlock. During a screen unlock session, sEMG signals are recorded when the user draws the pattern on the device screen. Time-domain features extracted from the recorded sEMG signals are then used as the input of a one-class classifier to identify the user is legitimate or not. We conducted an experiment involving 10 subjects to test the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. It is shown that the adopted time-domain sEMG features and one-class classifiers achieve good authentication performance in terms of the F 1 score and Half of Total Error Rate (HTER). The results demonstrate that the proposed scheme is a promising solution to enhance the security of pattern unlock.
Learning Unsupervised Knowledge-Enhanced Representations to Reduce the Semantic Gap in Information Retrieval (Evaluation datasets)
<p>This dataset contains all the runs, pools, plots and analyses to reproduce the results presented in the paper: "Learning Unsupervised Knowledge-Enhanced Representations to Reduce the Semantic Gap in Information Retrieval ", 2020.</p>
Enhancing accuracy of air quality and temperature forecasts during paddy crop-residue burning season in Delhi via chemical data assimilation
<p>This paper examines the accuracy of Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) generated 72 h fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) forecasts in Delhi during the crop residue burning season of Oct-Nov 2017 with respect to assimilation of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrievals, persistent fire emission assumption, and aerosol-radiation interactions. The assimilation significantly pushes the model AOD and PM<sub>2.5</sub> towards the observations with the largest changes below 5 km altitude in the fire source regions (northeastern Pakistan, Punjab, and Haryana) as well as the receptor New Delhi. WRF-Chem forecast with MODIS AOD assimilation, aerosol-radiation feedback turned on, and real-time fire emissions reduce the mean bias by 88-195 µg/m<sup>3</sup> (70-86%) with the largest improvement during the peak air pollution episode of 6-13 November 2017. Aerosol-radiation feedback contributes ~21%, ~25%, and ~24% to reduction in mean bias of the first, second, and third day of PM<sub>2.5 </sub>forecast. Persistence fire emission assumption is found to work really well, as the accuracy of PM<sub>2.5</sub> forecasts driven by persistent fire emissions was only 6% lower compared to those driven by real fire emissions. Aerosol-radiation feedback extends the benefits of assimilating satellite AOD beyond PM<sub>2.5</sub> forecasts to surface temperature forecast with a reduction in the mean bias of 0.9<sup>o</sup>C - 1.5<sup>o</sup>C (17-30%). These results demonstrate that air quality forecasting can benefit substantially from satellite AOD observations particularly in developing countries that lack resources to rapidly build dense air quality monitoring networks.</p>
Data from: The effectiveness of pseudomagic traits in promoting divergence and enhancing local adaptation
<p>The first file contains the code necessary to generate figures in the style of Fig 1 of the associated manuscript. These figures show the divergence between both ecological traits and mating traits by the strength of mating preference. Different panels correspond to different rates of recombination between these loci that control these types of traits. Files S1 and S2 are Mathematica versions of the corresponding files in the Supplementary Information of the paper.</p>
Forest cover and proximity decrease herbivory and increase crop yield via enhanced natural enemies in soybean fields
<p><span>Non-crop habitats are essential for sustaining biodiversity of beneficial arthropods in agricultural landscapes, which can increase ecosystem services provision and crop yield. However, their effects on specific crop systems are less clear, such as soybean in South America, where the responses of pests and natural enemies to landscape structure have only recently been studied. </span></p> <p><span>Here, we analyzed how native forest fragments at local and landscape scales influenced arthropod communities, herbivory, and yield in soybean fields in central Argentina. To do this, we selected soybean fields located in agricultural landscapes with varying proportions of forest cover. At two distances (10 and 100m) from a focal forest fragment, we sampled natural enemy and herbivore arthropods, and measured soybean herbivory and yield. We focused on herbivore diversity, abundance of key soybean pests in the region (caterpillars and stink bugs), and their generalist and specialist natural enemies.</span></p> <p><span>Higher abundance of predators, lower herbivory rates, and increased yield were found near forests, while overall forest cover in the landscape was positively related with parasitoid and stink bug abundance, soybean yield, and negatively with herbivory. Moreover, yield was positively linked to richness and abundance of generalist and specialist enemies and independent of herbivory according to piecewise Structural Equation Models. </span></p> <p><span><i>Synthesis and applications. </i>Our results show positive effects of native forests on biodiversity and yield in soybean crops, highlighting the need for conservation of forest fragments in agricultural landscapes. Moreover, the relation between natural enemies and crop yield suggests that Chaco forests support a diverse and abundant community of natural enemies that can provide sustained levels of ecosystem services and result in positive effects for farmers.</span></p>
Chromonomer: a tool set for repairing and enhancing assembled genomes through integration of genetic maps and conserved synteny
<p class="BodyAA">The pace of the sequencing and computational assembly of novel reference genomes is accelerating. Though DNA sequencing technologies and assembly software tools continue to improve, biological features of genomes such as repetitive sequence as well as molecular artifacts that often accompany sequencing library preparation can lead to fragmented or chimeric assemblies. If left uncorrected, defects like these trammel progress on understanding genome structure and function, or worse, positively mislead this research. Fortunately, integration of additional, independent streams of information, such as a marker-dense genetic map and conserved orthologous gene order from related taxa, can be used to scaffold together unlinked, disordered fragments and to restructure a reference genome where it is incorrectly joined. We present a tool set for automating these processes, one that additionally tracks any changes to the assembly and to the genetic map, and which allows the user to scrutinize these changes with the help of web-based, graphical visualizations. Chromonomer takes a user-defined reference genome, a map of genetic markers, and, optionally, conserved synteny information to construct an improved reference genome of chromosome models: a "chromonome". We demonstrate Chromonomer's performance on genome assemblies and genetic maps that have disparate characteristics and levels of quality.</p>
Data from: Functional diversity enhances, but exploitative traits reduce tree mixture effects on microbial biomass
1. Soil microorganisms play key roles in terrestrial biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Despite recent progress in elucidating the association between plant diversity and soil microorganisms, it remains unclear whether the functional properties of plant mixtures might alter this association. 2. We examined whether the effects of tree species mixtures on soil microbial biomass were impacted by the functional diversity (FD) and community-weighted-mean (CWM) of tree mixtures, by conducting a global meta-analysis involving 123 paired observations of tree mixtures and the corresponding monocultures from 38 studies in forests. 3. We found that the tree mixture effect on microbial biomass increased with the FD of specific leaf area (SLA), leaf N and P content, as well as the FD based on all of these traits plus leaf dry matter content. Meanwhile, the responses of microbial biomass to tree mixtures decreased with the CWM of SLA, leaf N, and P content. The effects of FD and CWM remained consistent, despite variable tree species richness, stand age and climatic factors. 4. Our results provide a new insight that the functional properties of plants may alter the magnitude of the association between plant diversity and soil microorganisms.
A green extraction design for enhancing flavonoid compounds from the Ixora javanica flowers using a deep eutectic solvent
<p>In this study, an environmentally friendly extraction method for flavonoid compound from <em>Ixora javanica</em> as a new raw material candidate for herbal medicine and cosmetics, was developed. The objectives of the present work were to provide recommendations for the optimal extraction conditions and to investigate the effects of any extraction parameters on flavonoid yields from the <em>I. javanica</em> flower. The extraction process was performed using deep eutectic solvent (DES) (choline chloride and propylene glycol at molar ratio of 1:1) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) method. Both single-factor and response surface analyses using three-level and three-factor Box Behnken designs were conducted to obtain the optimum flavonoid concentrations. The results showed that the optimum extraction conditions for total flavonoids featured an extraction time of 40 min, 25% water content in DES, and a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:25 g/mL. An extract obtained under optimum extraction conditions showed higher total flavonoid yields than an ethanolic extract which was used for comparison. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images demonstrated that both of the solvents also showed different effects on the outer surface of the <em>I. javanica</em> flower during extraction process. In sum, our work succeeded in determining the optimum conditions for total flavonoids in the <em>I. javanica</em> flower using a green extraction method.</p>
Acetylcholine is released in the basolateral amygdala in response to predictors of reward and enhances learning of cue-reward contingency
<p>The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is critical for associating initially neutral cues with appetitive and aversive stimuli and receives dense neuromodulatory acetylcholine (ACh) projections. We measured BLA ACh signaling and activity of neurons expressing CaMKIIα (a marker for glutamatergic principal cells) in mice during cue-reward learning using a fluorescent ACh sensor and calcium indicators. We found that ACh levels and nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) cholinergic terminal activity in the BLA (NBM-BLA) increased sharply in response to reward-related events and shifted as mice learned the cue-reward contingency. BLA CaMKIIα<sup> </sup>neuron activity followed reward retrieval and moved to the reward-predictive cue after task acquisition. Optical stimulation of cholinergic NBM-BLA terminal fibers led to quicker acquisition of the cue-reward contingency. These results indicate BLA ACh signaling carries important information about salient events in cue-reward learning and provides a framework for understanding how ACh signaling contributes to shaping BLA responses to emotional stimuli.</p>
Data and code for paper "A gray-box model for a probabilistic estimate of regional ground magnetic perturbations: Enhancing the NOAA operational Geospace model with machine learning"
<p>Simulation results from the NOAA/SWPC Geospace model used in the paper Camporeale et al. (2020) "A gray-box model for a probabilistic estimate of regional ground magnetic perturbations: Enhancing the NOAA operational Geospace model with machine learning" published in J. Geophys. Res. (2020)</p> <p>MATLAB code is provided to train process the data and train the machine learning model and plot results.</p> <p>Manuscript available on <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1912.01038">https://arxiv.org/abs/1912.01038</a></p>
Data from: Shading enhances plant species richness and diversity on an extensive green roof
<p>Green roofs can promote biodiversity in urban areas. The extent to which green roofs stimulate plant diversity can depend on roof characteristics such as roof age, substrate depth and shading. We exploratively studied the vegetation on a Dutch green roof in 50 permanent plots (1 m<sup>2</sup>) over eight years (2012–2019) following roof construction. Plots were situated either on low substrate depth (6 cm light-weight extensive substrate) or high substrate depth (6 cm light-weight extensive substrate topped with 14 cm native soil) and differed in the amount of shading received from a higher building floor. Increased substrate depth and shading additively increased plant species richness and plant diversity, with high shaded plots supporting on average 6.4 more plant species than low unshaded plots. Shading likely acts via reducing drought stress, whereas increasing substrate depth with native soil may also enhance plant diversity via addition of nutrients and native seeds. The vegetation composition on the roof was dynamic and changed over the years. Sedum acre was initially dominant but disappeared within the first years, whereas Sedum kamtschaticum increased and became dominant in the last years. Trifolium arvense was the most abundant forb species and was especially dominant three years after roof construction. We conclude that increased substrate depth and shading can promote plant species richness and diversity and recommend that both aspects are considered when green roofs are designed. Shading can be achieved by a stepped building architecture and by placing structures on the roof itself, such as solar panels on standards.</p>
Enhanced Zika virus susceptibility of globally invasive Aedes aegypti populations
<p>The worldwide variation of <em>Aedes aegypti </em>susceptibility to ZIKV infection was investigated using a panel of 14 laboratory colonies recently established from field-collected specimens.</p>
Learned predators enhance biological control via organizational upward and trophic top‐down cascades
<p>Learning is a behavioral change based on memory of previous experiences and a ubiquitous phenomenon in animals. Learning effects are commonly life stage- and age-specific. In many animals, early life experiences lead to pervasive and persistent behavioral changes.</p> <p>There is broad consensus that learning has far-reaching implications to biological control. Proximate and ultimate factors of individual learning by parasitoids and true predators are relatively well understood, yet the consequences of learning to higher organizational levels, populations and communities, and top-down trophic cascades are unexplored.</p> <p>We addressed this issue using a tri-trophic system consisting of predatory mites <em>Amblyseius swirskii</em>, Western flower thrips <em>Frankliniella occidentalis</em> and whole common bean plants, <em>Phaseolus vulgaris</em>. <em>F. occidentalis</em> are notorious horticultural pests that are difficult to control. Therefore, practitioners have much to gain by optimizing biological control of thrips.</p> <p>Previous studies have shown that early life experience of thrips by <em>A. swirskii</em> improves foraging on thrips later in life due to decreased prey recognition times and increased predation rates, together enhancing predator fecundity. Here, we hypothesized that early learning by<em> A. swirskii </em>enhances biological control of thrips via immediate and cascading effects. We predicted that release of thrips-experienced predators enhances predator population growth and thrips suppression and reduces plant damage as compared to release of thrips-naïve predators.</p> <p>The behavioral changes brought about by early learning cascaded up to the population and community levels. Thrips-experienced predators caused favorable immediate and cascading effects that could not be compensated for in populations founded by thrips-naïve predators. Populations founded by thrips-experienced predators grew faster, reached higher abundances, were more efficacious in suppressing an emerging thrips population and kept plant damage at lower levels than populations founded by thrips-naïve predators. Plant fecundity correlated negatively with thrips abundance and positively with predatory mite abundance. Improved biological control was mainly due to thrips-experienced founders providing for a head-start in predator population growth and thrips suppression.</p> <p>Synthesis and applications: Our study suggests that learned natural enemies have high potential to optimize augmentative biological control on a larger scale due to favorably modulating organizational upward and trophic top-down cascades.</p>
Porous RuOxNySz Electrodes for Microsupercapacitors and Microbatteries with Enhanced Areal Performance
<p>Figures 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5</p>
Sustainable landscape, soil and crop management practices enhance biodiversity and yield in conventional cereal systems
<p>1. Input-driven, modern agriculture is commonly associated with large-scale threats to biodiversity, the disruption of ecosystem services and long-term risks to food security and human health. A switch to more sustainable yet highly productive farming practices seems unavoidable. However, an integrative evaluation of targeted management schemes at field and landscape scales is currently lacking. Furthermore, the often-disproportionate influence of soil conditions and agrochemicals on yields may mask the benefits of biodiversity-driven ecosystem services.</p> <p>2. Here, we used a real-world ecosystem approach to identify sustainable management practices for enhanced functional biodiversity and yield on 28 temperate wheat fields. Using path analysis, we assessed direct and indirect links between soil, crop and landscape management with natural enemies and pests, as well as follow-on effects on yield quantity and quality. A paired-field design with a crossed insecticide-fertilizer experiment allowed us to control for the relative influence of soil characteristics and agrochemical inputs.</p> <p>3. We demonstrate that biodiversity-enhancing management options such as reduced tillage, crop rotation diversity and small field size can enhance natural enemies without relying on agrochemical inputs. Similarly, we show that in this system controlling pests and weeds by agrochemical means is less relevant than expected for final crop productivity.</p> <p>4. Synthesis and applications: Our study highlights soil, crop and landscape management practices that can enhance beneficial biodiversity while reducing agrochemical usage and negative environmental impacts of conventional agriculture. The diversification of cropping systems and conservation tillage are practical measures most farmers can implement without productivity losses. Combining local measures with improved landscape management may also strengthen the sustainability and resilience of cropping systems in light of future global change.</p>
Enhancement of cloud-to-ground lightning activity caused by the urban effect: a case study in the Beijing metropolitan area
<p>The dataset here includes land-surface temperature, wind field, precipitation, UV aerosol index, and lightning information analyzed in the paper "<strong>Enhancement of cloud-to-ground lightning activity </strong><strong>caused by the urban effect: a case study in</strong> <strong>the Beijing metropolitan area</strong>".</p>
Mangrove diversity enhances plant biomass production and carbon storage in Hainan Island, China
<p>Mangrove forests, one of the highest carbon density ecosystems, are very different from other forests as they occupy saline and tidal habitats. Although previous studies in forests, shrublands, and grasslands have shown a positive effect of biodiversity on plant biomass and carbon storage, it remains unclear whether this relation to biodiversity also exists in mangrove forests. Here, we evaluate the possible effects of mangrove species diversity, structural characteristics, and environmental factors on mangrove biomass production and carbon storage, using survey data from 234 field plots of 30 transects in the mangrove forests along the coastlines of Hainan Island, China, during 2017 and 2018.We found that mangrove species diversity had a positive effect, not only on mangrove biomass production, but also on soil carbon storage. This positive effect was more strongly evident in the forest communities than in either the shrub communities or forest-shrub mixed communities, with the forests type having the biggest mangrove biodiversity and carbon storage. In addition, the diversity effect was affected by structural characteristics, namely, mangrove biomass increased exponentially with tree stem diameter and decreased with tree density. Furthermore, we observed a resource-dependent mediation of the mangrove ecosystem when linking diversity to biomass. The areas with high soil Nitrogen content and Mean annul precipitation (MAP) showed higher mangrove biomass and carbon storage. This suggests that the spatial pattern of mangrove carbon storage and diversity was driven by both climate factors (MAP) and soil fertility (soil N).Our findings suggest that mangrove forests with greater diversity also have higher carbon storage capacities and conservation potential. Thus, biodiversity conservation is crucial for mangrove to mitigate the greenhouse effect. Our findings strengthen the understanding of the diversity effects on mangrove ecosystem services and have important implications for mangrove restoration and conservation.</p>
Datasets supporting "Enhanced climate response to ozone depletion from ozone-circulation coupling"
<p>This data set is prepared to support the manuscript entitled "Enhanced climate response to ozone depletion from ozone-circulation coupling" by Lin end Ming, which is under review for Journal of Geophysical Research. The data set includes the following contents:</p> <p>1. Zonal mean monthly mean fields for selected variables from the simulations shown in the manuscript.</p> <p>2. The coefficients used for O3Tracer simulation described in the manuscript.</p>
Short neuropeptide F regulates the starvation mediated enhanced locomotor activity in Drosophila
<p class="normal"><span>The circadian clock regulates various behavioral, metabolic and physiological processes to occur at the most suitable time of the day. Internal energy stores and nutrient availability modulates the most apparent circadian clock mediated locmotor activity rhythm in <i>Drosophila</i>. </span>Although previous studies unraveled the role of circadian clock in metabolism and activity rest rhythm, the precise pathway through which the circadian neuropeptidergic signaling regulates internal energy storage and the starvation-mediated increase in activity resembling foraging remains largely unclear. This study was aimed to elucidate the role of circadian neuropeptide, short neuropeptide F (sNPF) in triglyceride metabolism, starvation resistance and starvation-mediated increased locomotor activity in <i>Drosophila</i>. The results showed that <i>snpf </i>transcripts exhibits significant rhythmicity in wild type flies under 12:12 hour light-dark cycles (LD) and constant darkness (DD) whereas <i>snpf</i> transcript level in <i>period</i> null flies did not exhibit any significant rhythmicity under LD. Knockdown of sNPF in circadian clock neurons reduced the triglyceride level, starvation resistance and increased the starvation-mediated hyperactivity response after 24 hour of starvation. Further studies showed that knock down of sNPF receptors (sNPFR) expressed in insulin producing cells (IPC) increased the starvation resistance and reduced starvation-induced hyperactivity response after 24 hour of starvation. Collectively, our results suggest that transcriptional oscillation of <i>snpf </i>mRNA is endogenously controlled by the circadian clock and elucidate the role of sNPF in modulating locomotor activity in accordance with the nutrient availability in <i>Drosophila</i>. </p>
Changes in multiple environmental factors additively enhance the dominance of an exotic plant with a novel trade-off pattern
<p>1. Whether global changes impact native and exotic species differently is unclear, because the changes may favour both native and exotic species over competitors. Previous studies have mainly focused on the separate effects of the different environmental changes, but plant communities are influenced by changes in multiple environmental factors, and it is still unclear whether native and exotic species respond similarly to the combined effects of these factors.</p> <p>2. We hypothesized that differences in interspecific trade-offs between native and exotic species could lead to the dominance of exotic species when the species are simultaneously subjected to multiple environmental changes.</p> <p>3. Using coastal saltmarsh plant communities as the study system, we experimentally manipulated flooding and nutrient enrichment, examined the interspecific trade-offs between competitiveness and stress tolerance for two native and one exotic species, and explored the combined effect of the two environmental changes on both native–native and native–exotic species interactions.</p> <p>4. We found that flooding and nutrient enrichment oppositely affected native–native species interactions but additively affected native–exotic species interactions. The two factors together resulted in no net change in the relative advantages between the two native species but enhanced the dominance of the exotic species over the native species. This disparity occurred because the exotic species was not subject to the interspecific trade-off between competitiveness and stress tolerance that constrained the native species.</p> <p>5. <i><b>Synthesis</b></i>. Our results suggest that changes in multiple environmental factors favour exotic species because of evolutionary novel trade-off patterns. Mechanisms underlying species coexistence in the invaded community such as interspecific trade-offs should be considered when researchers attempt to predict the effects of global changes on biological invasions.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.