Find research datasets worth reusing

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

FIGURE 3 in Body length estimation of Neogene macrophagous lamniform sharks (Carcharodon and Otodus) derived from associated fossil dentitions

FIGURE 3. Associated dentitions of Otodus megalodon in lingual view. (A) UF-VP-311000; (B) GHC 1; (C) CH-31- 46P; and (D) UF-VP-460000. Scale bars equal 5 cm.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

FIGURE 4 in Body length estimation of Neogene macrophagous lamniform sharks (Carcharodon and Otodus) derived from associated fossil dentitions

FIGURE 4. Associated dentitions of Otodus chubutensis in lingual view. (A) USNM 411881 (adapted from Perez et al., 2019; fig. 5); (B) USNM 299832; (C) GHC 3; and (D) UF-VP-312864. Scale bars equal 5 cm.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

FIGURE 1 in Body length estimation of Neogene macrophagous lamniform sharks (Carcharodon and Otodus) derived from associated fossil dentitions

FIGURE 1. Premise of summed crown width method. (A) Carcharodon carcharias dentition in lingual view, with applicable terminology. The right half is an illustration of the typical dental formula for C. carcharias. The left half is from a 5.18 m female with one less posterior tooth in the lower tooth series (originally figured in Hubbell, 1996; figure 5). Scale bar equals 5 cm. (B) The most complete known associated dentition of Otodus megalodon (CH-31-46P) in lingual view. Scale bar equals 5 cm. (C) Body length of fossil taxa is calculated under the assumption that the ratio of summed crown width to total body length (TL) is proportional in ecologically and taxonomically related species. Silhouette proportions for O. megalodon are based on Cooper et al. (2020). A/a = anterior, I = intermediate, and L/l = lateral. Uppercase letters denote upper teeth and lowercase letters denote lower teeth.

FIGURE A4 in Refined methods for estimating spirals and spiral deviations

FIGURE A4. Upper colossal squid beak with wavelet maxima and minima located on the hood. Circle and cross symbol denote the spiral axis. Inset shows the spiral deviations from the L2QL fit, with vertical lines for the center of spiral change and wavelet reconstruction with maxima (solid circles) and minima (open circles). Note the reversal of the inset horizontal scale to match the direction of growth from the rostral tip. See text for detail on wavelet scale and reconstruction.

FIGURE 6 in Refined methods for estimating spirals and spiral deviations

FIGURE 6. Patterns of spiral deviations with accretionary growth (arc length) for four spirals. Apart from the L1 spiral, deviation patterns are similar and have the same vertical scale. Vertical lines and shade (red) locate estimates of where changes in spiral shape occur on the outline.

FIGURE 4 in Refined methods for estimating spirals and spiral deviations

FIGURE 4. Nearest nine spirals to the LR-F1ventral valve outline, as ranked by similarity ratio on both local and global features. Spirals along axes are in approximate order of complexity. The green line represents agreement between local and global features.

FIGURE 5 in Refined methods for estimating spirals and spiral deviations

FIGURE 5. Reducing then increasing error (residual standard deviation) for different spirals fitted to the LR-F1 ventral valve. Absolute least error is not always the best spiral. See text for abbreviations and explanation.

FIGURE 2. Eleven spirals that are more complex than the simple logarithmic spiral, L1 in Refined methods for estimating spirals and spiral deviations

FIGURE 2. Eleven spirals that are more complex than the simple logarithmic spiral, L1 of Figure 1. Outlines are plotted on a logarithmic scale for radius against angle turned about the axis. Vertical lines show spirals with abrupt change, and shaded areas show regions of transitional change between log-piecewise spirals representing accretionary growth (see text for explanation and abbreviations).

FIGURE 1 in Refined methods for estimating spirals and spiral deviations

FIGURE 1. Accretionary growth (blue line) as an outline (A), and as a graph of log e (radius, r) against angle, θ, about an axis (cross symbol) (B). The intercept is the loge(radius) when θ = 0, and the constant slope defines the expansion of the L1 spiral.

FIGURE A1 in Refined methods for estimating spirals and spiral deviations

FIGURE A1. Photograph of a colossal squid upper beak. Arrows indicate two of the high points in undulations along the hood. Scale near the rostral tip is in mm.

FIGURE A3 in Refined methods for estimating spirals and spiral deviations

FIGURE A3. Scree plot of the reduction in error (residual standard deviation) for different spirals fitted to the upper beak of the colossal squid. Generalized transition spirals are denoted by the lowercase letter g.

FIGURE 6. Map showing estimated collection area. Points are field localities and 15 meter buffer shows estimated prospecting areas for 2008 in Novel analysis of locality data can inform better inventory and monitoring practices for paleontological resources at John Day Fossil Beds National Monument Oregon, USA

FIGURE 6. Map showing estimated collection area. Points are field localities and 15 meter buffer shows estimated prospecting areas for 2008 (yellow), 2009 (green), and 2010 (blue). Precise locality information is available to qualified researchers upon request from JODA's museum program.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2023View details →

Figure 2 in Allometric equations for estimating the leaf area of Thespesia populnea by linear dimensions of leaf blades

Figure 2. Linear leaf dimensions [maximum length (L) and maximum width (W)] used to estimate the leaf area of Thespesia populnea.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2023View details →

Figure 1 in Allometric equations for estimating the leaf area of Thespesia populnea by linear dimensions of leaf blades

Figure 1. Geographical location of the municipality of Canguaretama, state of Rio Grande do Norte, Northeastern Brazil.

Fig. 4 in A novel method to obtain accurate length estimates of carnivorous reef fishes from a single video camera

Fig. 4. Boxplots showing the length distributions (mm) for Acanthistius patachonicus in five Submarine Parks within Golfo Nuevo, estimated by the naive (n = 132), Reference scale at the bait level (RSB) (n = 98) and Mirrored baited underwater video system (MBUV) (n = 132) methods. The numbers of fish measured with the MBUV in each reef are indicated, and the widths of the boxes within each reef are proportional to those numbers. The x-axis was truncated to avoid loss of detail.

Fig. 1 in A novel method to obtain accurate length estimates of carnivorous reef fishes from a single video camera

Fig. 1. Mirrored baited underwater video system (MBUV). (a) MBUV settled on bottom for calibration purposes: 1) video signal and remote control, 2) strained cables marked every 200 mm segments, 3) placement of the bait holder, 4) mirrored surface; (b) Camera view of a MBUV deployment showing the naive length of a sea bass Acanthistius patachonicus (NL), the length of its reflected image (LRI), and the reference scales (RS = 200 mm) used for applying the MBUV and Reference scale at the bait level (RSB) procedures. Four fishes (1-4) could be accurately measured in this snapshot; fish #4 could be sized even when its body laid wholly outside of the mirrored area but was partially reflected by it.

Fig. 3 in A novel method to obtain accurate length estimates of carnivorous reef fishes from a single video camera

Fig. 3. Histogram and boxplot showing the distribution of the relative errors of length estimates for three plastic silhouettes of 112 mm, 360 mm and 444 mm. The boxplot below indicates a median relative error = -0.9%.

Fig. 5 in A novel method to obtain accurate length estimates of carnivorous reef fishes from a single video camera

Fig. 5. Scatter plots with marginal histograms showing fish length estimates (mm) obtained with (a) Mirrored baited underwater video system (MBUV) and naive methods (n = 132), and with (b) MBUV and Reference scale at the bait level (RSB) methods (n = 67), in five Submarine Parks within Golfo Nuevo. Solid circles in (a) represent truncated lengths (>550 mm). The corresponding naive estimates for the truncated lengths are indicated next to the circles. Solid black lines represent the regression 1:1 in both boxes.

Fig. 2 in A novel method to obtain accurate length estimates of carnivorous reef fishes from a single video camera

Fig. 2. Calibration (a) and 'Height' (b) functions for the Mirrored baited underwater video system (MBUV) system. The solid lines represent the fitted models. Shaded areas represent 95% confidence regions. Jittered rugs on the x-axis indicate the distribution of the NL/LRI ratio and NL/LRI ratio-1 data, respectively. NL = naive length, LRI = length of the reflected image.