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FIGURE 7 in Laboratory Hybridization among North American Whiptail Lizards, Including Aspidoscelis inornata arizonae × A. tigris marmorata (Squamata: Teiidae), Ancestors of Unisexual Clones in Nature

FIGURE 7. Pattern of morphological distinctiveness expressed by the distribution of canonical variate scores derived from a canonical variate analysis of seven meristic characters of three a priori groups: 18 specimens of A. i. arizonae (including the maternal parent of the laboratory hybrids), 18 specimens of A. t. marmorata (including the paternal parent of the hybrids), and 11 specimens of A. neomexicana. All samples represent populations in the vicinities of those from which the parents of the hybrids were collected. The three laboratory hybrids were included in the CVA as unassigned, for classification to the a priori group that each most closely resembled. Note the position of the hybrid group intermediate to A. i. arizonae, A. t. marmorata, and A. neomexicana clusters. This suggested that the hybrid group itself is distinctive, which was verified by a followup CVA (not illustrated, but see text).

FIG. 5 in The oldest known European Neogene girdled lizard fauna (Squamata, Cordylidae), with comments on Early Miocene immigration of African taxa

FIG. 5. — aff. Palaeocordylus bohemicus Roček, 1984; detail of the 6th-12th tooth in posterolingual view. Scale bar: 500 µm.

FIG. 4 in The oldest known European Neogene girdled lizard fauna (Squamata, Cordylidae), with comments on Early Miocene immigration of African taxa

FIG. 4. — aff. Palaeocordylus bohemicus Roček, 1984; detail of the tooth from the medial region of the dentary tooth row in lingual view (terms after Richter 1994). Scale bar: 200 µm.

FIG. 3 in The oldest known European Neogene girdled lizard fauna (Squamata, Cordylidae), with comments on Early Miocene immigration of African taxa

FIG. 3. — aff. Palaeocordylus bohemicus Roček, 1984; detail of the region with intramandibular septum. Scale bar: 2 mm.

FIG. 6 in The oldest known European Neogene girdled lizard fauna (Squamata, Cordylidae), with comments on Early Miocene immigration of African taxa

FIG. 6. —? Cordylidae indet.; the left maxilla Ah-939 SGDB:A, labial view; B, C, D, lingual views with the details of the tooth crowns. Scale bars: A, B, 2.5 mm; C, 1 mm; D, 500 µm.

FIG. 2 in The oldest known European Neogene girdled lizard fauna (Squamata, Cordylidae), with comments on Early Miocene immigration of African taxa

FIG. 2. — aff. Palaeocordylus bohemicus Roček, 1984 from the locality Merkur-North; right dentary (Ah-1088 SGDB) in lingual view. Scale bar: 5 mm.

Fig. 14 in Congruent Patterns of Genetic and Morphological Variation in the Parthenogenetic Lizard Aspidoscelis tesselata (Squamata: Teiidae) and the Origins of Color Pattern Classes and Genotypic Clones in Eastern New Mexico

Fig. 14. Additive tree (phenogram), based on Mahalanobis D2 distances (table 13), depicting meristic resemblance among nine groups of Aspidoscelis tesselata. Distances (similarities) between groups are computed by adding lengths of nodes between groups of interest. Terminal nodes represent the nine groups, and internal nodes represent horizontal distances between clusters. As an interpretation example, the resemblance between Conchas 6CE and Conchas 1CE is 7.2 + 3.2 + 2.2 + 2.8 + 5.6 = 21.0, while the resemblance between Conchas 6CE and Macho EC is 7.2 + 1.0 + 1.9 + 3.1 = 13.2.

Fig. 3 in Congruent Patterns of Genetic and Morphological Variation in the Parthenogenetic Lizard Aspidoscelis tesselata (Squamata: Teiidae) and the Origins of Color Pattern Classes and Genotypic Clones in Eastern New Mexico

Fig. 3. Electrophoretic phenotypes of sACOH, a monomeric enzyme, from liver homogenates of nine specimens of A. tesselata of pattern class CE from Conchas Lake State Park, New Mexico. Letters below gel identify allozymes based on alleles present (table 3), and the genotype of each lizard is listed on the right. Lanes for individual lizards are labeled beside their patterns on the gel. Anode is to the right.

Fig. 11 in Congruent Patterns of Genetic and Morphological Variation in the Parthenogenetic Lizard Aspidoscelis tesselata (Squamata: Teiidae) and the Origins of Color Pattern Classes and Genotypic Clones in Eastern New Mexico

Fig. 11. Pattern of multivariate morphological variation among Aspidoscelis tesselata of pattern classes C (N = 44), E (N = 32), and New Mexico D (N = 5) from the vicinity of Sumner Lake State Park, De Baca County, New Mexico. Canonical variate scores were derived from a canonical variate analysis using meristic characters identified in table 10.

Fig. 2 in Congruent Patterns of Genetic and Morphological Variation in the Parthenogenetic Lizard Aspidoscelis tesselata (Squamata: Teiidae) and the Origins of Color Pattern Classes and Genotypic Clones in Eastern New Mexico

Fig. 2. Electrophoretic phenotypes of GPI, a dimeric enzyme, from erythrocyte hemolysates of six specimens of Aspidoscelis. Letters below gel identify allozymes based on alleles present (table 3), and the genotype of each lizard is listed on the right. Note the very slight difference in migration between the products of the ballele versus callele. Lanes for individual lizards are labeled beside their patterns on the gel as follows: TESC, A. tesselata of pattern class CE from Conchas Lake State Park, New Mexico; and TESE, A. tesselata of pattern class E from Sandoval County, New Mexico. Anode is to the right.

Fig. 1 in Congruent Patterns of Genetic and Morphological Variation in the Parthenogenetic Lizard Aspidoscelis tesselata (Squamata: Teiidae) and the Origins of Color Pattern Classes and Genotypic Clones in Eastern New Mexico

Fig. 1. Geographic relationships among four northern collecting localities of Aspidoscelis tesselata of color pattern classes C, New Mexico D, and E and convenience classes CE and EC. Color patterns found at the four sites are (1) Conchas Lake State Park: CE and New Mexico D; (2) Sumner Lake State Park: C, New Mexico D, and E; (3) Puerto de Luna: E; and (4) Arroyo del Macho: EC.

Fig. 7 in Congruent Patterns of Genetic and Morphological Variation in the Parthenogenetic Lizard Aspidoscelis tesselata (Squamata: Teiidae) and the Origins of Color Pattern Classes and Genotypic Clones in Eastern New Mexico

Fig. 7. Color pattern variation in Aspidoscelis tesselata of pattern class CE from the vicinity of Conchas Lake State Park, San Miguel County, New Mexico. Morphological subgroup 6CE: A (RU 0002, 93 mm SVL); B (RU 0029, 96 mm SVL); morphological subgroup 1CE: C (RU 0013, 95 mm SVL); D (RU 0030, 89 mm SVL); E (RU 0021, 95 mm SVL); morphological subgroup 8CE: F (RU 0027, 86 mm SVL).

Fig. 4 in Congruent Patterns of Genetic and Morphological Variation in the Parthenogenetic Lizard Aspidoscelis tesselata (Squamata: Teiidae) and the Origins of Color Pattern Classes and Genotypic Clones in Eastern New Mexico

Fig. 4. Electrophoretic phenotypes of MPI, a monomeric enzyme, from liver homogenates of 11 specimens of Aspidoscelis. Letters below gel identify allozymes based on alleles present (table 3), and the genotype of each lizard is listed on the right. Lanes for individual lizards are labeled beside their patterns on the gel (with genotype) as follows: NEOTESA, B, and C, different pattern classes of the triploid A. neotesselata from Colorado; TESC and D, A. tesselata of pattern classes CE and D from Conchas Lake State Park, New Mexico; TESE, A. tesselata of pattern class EC from Arroyo del Macho, New Mexico; TESF, A. dixoni from New Mexico; TESF × PUN, triploid hybrid of A. dixoni × A. tigris punctilinealis from New Mexico; and TESG and H, A. dixoni of two pattern classes from Texas. Anode is to the right.

Fig. 14 in Natural Hybridization Between the Teiid Lizards Cnemidophorus tesselatus (Parthenogenetic) and C. tigris marmoratus (Bisexual): Assessment of Evolutionary Alternatives

Fig. 14. Atretic and normal follicles and corpora lutea of C. tesselatus. A. Developing oocyte during vitellogenesis (right) and atretic follicle (left; AMNH R145143, slide 19, row 1, section 1). B. Atretic follicle with disorganized cytoplasm but intact nucleus (AMNH R145143, slide 19, row 1, section 1). C. Atretic follicle after vitellogenesis had begun; notice the glassy membrane (AMNH R146620, slide 4, row 2, section 5). D. Atretic follicle (left) and normal follicle (right), both before vitellogenesis (AMNH R146621, slide 4, row 1, section 2). E. A normal follicle showing the structure of the follicle wall and discharging pyriform cells (AMNH R145142, slide 106, row 1, section 3). F. Detail of the tunica interna showing discharging pyriform cells prior to the formation of yolk granules (AMNH R 146637, slide 41, row 1, section 4). G. Detail of a follicle during vitellogenesis, showing a welldeveloped zona radiata, vascularization, and the tunica granulosa (AMNH R145143, slide 28, row 1 section 2). H. Near the end of vitellogenesis the tunica interna is reduced to the tunica granulosa (AMNH R145142, slide 49, row 1, section 2). I. Older corpora lutea showing the triangular shape and absence

Fig. 11 in Natural Hybridization Between the Teiid Lizards Cnemidophorus tesselatus (Parthenogenetic) and C. tigris marmoratus (Bisexual): Assessment of Evolutionary Alternatives

Fig. 11. Electrophoretic phenotypes of GPI, a dimeric enzyme, from erythrocytes of 12 lizards. Letters below gel identify allozymes based on alleles present (table 5). Lanes for individual lizards are labeled beside the gel (with genotype) as follows: TESE, C. tesselatus pattern class E; SEP, C. gularis septemvittatus; MAR, C. tigris marmoratus; and HYB, C. tesselatus X C. tigris marmoratus hybrid. Although the SEP and MAR are identical on this gel (bb), the aallele occurs in other individuals of MAR. All specimens except the SEP are from the hybridization site near Roswell. Anode is to the right; arrow indicates position of sample applications.

Fig. 10 in Natural Hybridization Between the Teiid Lizards Cnemidophorus tesselatus (Parthenogenetic) and C. tigris marmoratus (Bisexual): Assessment of Evolutionary Alternatives

Fig. 10. Pattern of morphological variation expressed by the distribution of scores on the first two principal components extracted from a correlation matrix of 11 meristic characters. Symbols depict scores of nine karyotyped hybrids collected in the vicinity of Arroyo del Macho, Chaves Co., New Mexico: •, 8 hybrids of 2n = 46; -, one hybrid of 2n = 47 (fissioned Xchromosome). The ellipse defines the 95% confidence limits for the eight hybrids with intact Xchromosomes.

Fig. 8 in Natural Hybridization Between the Teiid Lizards Cnemidophorus tesselatus (Parthenogenetic) and C. tigris marmoratus (Bisexual): Assessment of Evolutionary Alternatives

Fig. 8. Pattern of morphological distinctiveness expressed by the distribution of canonical variate scores derived from a quadratic canonical variate analysis of eight meristic characters. Symbols depict 84 individuals collected in the vicinity of Arroyo del Macho, Chaves Co., New Mexico: O, 38 C. tesselatus; Z, 26 C. tigris marmoratus; ·, 20 hybrids. Ellipses define the 95% confidence limits of each group.

Fig. 7 in Natural Hybridization Between the Teiid Lizards Cnemidophorus tesselatus (Parthenogenetic) and C. tigris marmoratus (Bisexual): Assessment of Evolutionary Alternatives

Fig. 7. Pattern of morphological variation expressed by the distribution of scores on the first two principal components extracted from a correlation matrix of eight meristic characters. Symbols depict scores of 84 individuals collected in the vicinity of Arroyo del Macho, Chaves Co., New Mexico: O, 38 C. tesselatus; Z, 26 C. tigris marmoratus; ·, 20 hybrids. Ellipses define the 95% confidence limits of each group.

Fig. 4 in Natural Hybridization Between the Teiid Lizards Cnemidophorus tesselatus (Parthenogenetic) and C. tigris marmoratus (Bisexual): Assessment of Evolutionary Alternatives

Fig. 4. Representatives of Cnemidophorus tesselatus from the Arroyo del Macho hybridization site. A. AMNH R146615 (91 mm SVL); B. AMNH R146618 (83 mm SVL); C. AMNH R146619 (85 mm SVL); D. AMNH R146623 (86 mm SVL); E. AMNH R146627 (89 mm SVL); F. AMNH R 146626 (90 mm SVL).

Fig. 2 in Natural Hybridization Between the Teiid Lizards Cnemidophorus tesselatus (Parthenogenetic) and C. tigris marmoratus (Bisexual): Assessment of Evolutionary Alternatives

Fig. 2. Dorsolateral views of three representative whiptail lizards (Cnemidophorus) from Arroyo del Macho. A. Diploid unisexual C. tesselatus, AMNH R146638, body length 97 mm. B. Triploid C. tesselatus X C. tigris marmoratus hybrid male, AMNH R146693, body length 100 mm. C. Diploid bisexual C. tigris marmoratus male, AMNH R146653, body length 94 mm. All photographed June 19, 1998.