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1,071 results for “Mangroves”
Data from: Groundwater enhances aboveground growth in mangroves
1. Groundwater flow through coastal wetlands plays an important role in the maintenance of productivity of intertidal ecosystems. Groundwater can reduce salinity and increase nutrient availability which can enhance plant growth and alter plant biomass allocation patterns. 2. Here, we used stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen to assess how groundwater influences belowground and aboveground growth in the widespread mangrove species Avicennia marina. 3. We found source water within tree stems varied seasonally, with non-saline water use higher in the wet season when rainwater availability was highest compared to the dry season. Stems with higher proportional contribution of non-saline water had increased aboveground growth but no effect on belowground growth. Belowground growth was however influenced by nutrient availability across the intertidal zone which was higher in the high compared to the low intertidal zone. 4. Synthesis. This study shows that mangroves use non-saline groundwater and rainwater when available rather than saline water sources. Groundwater flows into the intertidal stimulates organic matter accumulation in aboveground biomass suggesting the availability of non-saline water sources, such as groundwater and rainfall, are important for the growth and productivity of mangrove forests.
Data from: Contrasting colonization patterns of black mangrove (Avicennia germinans (L.) L.) gene pools along the Mexican coasts
Aim: Historical and geological events can impact the genetic structure of species, producing signatures that vary among taxa and gene pools within taxa. Such signatures can also be affected by local geography and tolerance to environmental conditions. However, disentangling of different drivers of population structure is often difficult. In an attempt to do so, we surveyed two independent gene pools of the same species that followed similar paths of postglacial colonization across contrasting landscapes and environmental conditions. We aimed to determine how these differences have affected the post-glacial population dynamics of each gene pool. Location: The Pacific and Atlantic coasts of Mexico. Taxon: Black mangrove, Avicennia germinans (Avicenniaceae). Methods: Using microsatellite variation, we estimated the divergence time of black mangrove populations through Approximated Bayesian Computation and implemented a comparative approach to evaluate different demographic hypotheses within and between the coasts. Results: The Pacific and Atlantic gene pools diverged long after the rise of the Central American Isthmus (Mid-Pleistocene), although occasional transisthmian gene exchanges were also inferred. Both coasts showed the characteristic isolation by distance (IBD) pattern expected for expanding gene pools. However, populations from the Atlantic coast were more genetically diverse and admixed than those from the Pacific basin. Both our migration models and the climate data gathered suggested a more ancient establishment and/or more stable conditions for black mangrove on the Atlantic coast. Main conclusions: The Atlantic basin likely bore more favorable climate conditions than the Pacific, allowing for the survival of A. germinans during the Last Glacial Maximum in situ. Populations from the northern Pacific coast became established after the Holocene warming, leading to contrasting genetic patterns between the two gene pools. Nevertheless, the action of environmental factors in determining the contemporary distribution of genetic variation in A. germinans cannot be discarded.
Data from: The role of glycine betaine in range expansions; protecting mangroves against extreme freeze events
1. Due to a warming climate, mangrove populations within the Gulf of Mexico and along the Florida Atlantic coastline are expanding their range poleward. As mangroves expand their range limit, leading edge individuals are more likely to experience an increased incidence of freeze events. However, we still lack a clear understanding of the mechanisms used by mangroves to survive freezing conditions. 2. Here, we conducted common garden experiments at different locations experiencing variable winter freeze conditions to show glycine betaine, an organic osmolyte, increases significantly with freeze exposure, playing an important role in the freeze tolerance of Avicennia germinans, a widespread Neotropical mangrove. 3. We found glycine betaine accumulation was similar across all source populations and freeze exposure locations, suggesting glycine betaine is not a range limit adaptation and is instead used for freeze tolerance by A. germinans irrespective of source population. Plants sourced from populations that experience freezing conditions exhibited greater rates of survival, indicating range edge populations of A. germinans have other heritable adaptations in addition to glycine betaine for freeze tolerance. 4. Synthesis. Continued mangrove expansion poleward will result in a greater incidence of freeze events for individuals at the leading edge. Our findings suggest freeze tolerance in this species may be genetically based and that leading edge A. germinans have the potential to survive extreme freeze events and recover post-freeze, allowing for their continued expansion poleward. This process of selective survival may act to promote adaptation of freeze tolerance in range edge populations.
Data from: Coastal landforms and accumulation of mangrove peat increase carbon sequestration and storage
Given their relatively small area, mangroves and their organic sediments are of disproportionate importance to global carbon sequestration and carbon storage. Peat deposition and preservation allows some mangroves to accrete vertically and keep pace with sea-level rise by growing on their own root remains. In this study we show that mangroves in desert inlets in the coasts of the Baja California have been accumulating root peat for nearly 2,000 y and harbor a belowground carbon content of 900–34,00 Mg C/ha, with an average value of 1,130 (± 128) Mg C/ha, and a belowground carbon accumulation similar to that found under some of the tallest tropical mangroves in the Mexican Pacific coast. The depth–age curve for the mangrove sediments of Baja California indicates that sea level in the peninsula has been rising at a mean rate of 0.70 mm/y (± 0.07) during the last 17 centuries, a value similar to the rates of sea-level rise estimated for the Caribbean during a comparable period. By accreting on their own accumulated peat, these desert mangroves store large amounts of carbon in their sediments. We estimate that mangroves and halophyte scrubs in Mexico's arid northwest, with less than 1% of the terrestrial area, store in their belowground sediments around 28% of the total belowground carbon pool of the whole region.
Data from: Dynamics of marsh-mangrove ecotone since the mid-Holocene: a palynological study of mangrove encroachment and sea level rise in the Shark River Estuary, Florida
Sea level rise and the associated inland shift of the marsh-mangrove ecotone in south Florida have raised many scientific and management concerns in recent years. Holocene paleoecological records can provide an important baseline to shed light on the long-term dynamics of vegetation changes across this ecotone in the past, which is needed to predict the future. In this study, we present palynological, X-ray fluorescence, and loss-on ignition data from four sedimentary cores recovered from a 20-km marine-to-freshwater transect along the Shark River Estuary, southwest Everglades, to document the patterns and processes of coastal vegetation changes in response to sea level rise since the mid-Holocene. Our record indicates that freshwater marsh progressively replaced marl prairies at the Shark River Estuary between 5700 and 4400 cal yr BP. As marine transgression continued, marine influence reached the threshold necessary for mangroves to establish at the current mouth of the Shark River Slough at 3800 cal yr BP. During the next 3000 years, although sea level rise in the Western North Atlantic slowed down to 0.4 mm/yr, a spatial and temporal gradient was evident as the marsh-mangrove ecotone shifted inland by 20 km from 3800 to 800 cal yr BP, accompanied by a gradual landward replacement of freshwater marsh by mangrove forest. If sea level continues to rise at 2.33 mm/yr in the 21st century in south Florida, it is possible that marine influence will reach the threshold for mangroves to establish in the central Everglades, and we could expect a much more aggressive mangrove encroachment toward the northern and interior parts of south Florida in the next few centuries.
Data from: Mangrove outwelling is a significant source of oceanic exchangeable organic carbon
Exchangeable dissolved organic carbon (EDOC) makes up a significant proportion of the oceanic dissolved organic carbon (DOC) pool, yet EDOC sources to the coastal ocean are poorly constrained. We measured the exchange of EDOC and concentrations of EDOC and DOC in mangrove waters over a 26° latitudinal gradient. A clear latitudinal trend was observed, with the highest EDOC concentrations in the tropics. EDOC exports to the coastal ocean were 4.7 ± 1.9 mmol m−2 d−1, equivalent to 11% of DOC exports (42.1 ± 6.7 mmol m−2 d−1). Pore-water and groundwater exchange were minor sources of EDOC. EDOC concentrations were equal to 13% ± 4% of DOC concentrations. Based on previous global DOC export estimates, and our EDOC : DOC ratios, mangroves outwell 3.1 Tg C yr−1 as EDOC, equivalent to ∼ 60% of the global EDOC flux from the ocean to the atmosphere. However, seasonality of mangrove EDOC cycling requires further research.
FIGURE 5 in Kalliapseudes (Mesokalliapseudes) macsweenyi, a new species of Kalliapseudidae (Crustacea: Tanaidacea: Apseudomorpha) from mangroves in Florida
FIGURE 5. Kalliapseudes (Mesokalliapseudes) macsweenyi n. sp., male allotype: (a) antennule; (b) antenna; (c) cheliped, outer view. (Scales: a, b – 0.1mm; c – 0.2 mm).
FIGURE 4 in Kalliapseudes (Mesokalliapseudes) macsweenyi, a new species of Kalliapseudidae (Crustacea: Tanaidacea: Apseudomorpha) from mangroves in Florida
FIGURE 4. Kalliapseudes (Mesokalliapseudes) macsweenyi n. sp., female holotype: (a) pereopod VI; (b) pleopod; (c) proximal portion of uropod; (d) pleotelson. (Scales: a, b, c – 0.1 mm; d – 0.2 mm).
FIGURE 3 in Kalliapseudes (Mesokalliapseudes) macsweenyi, a new species of Kalliapseudidae (Crustacea: Tanaidacea: Apseudomorpha) from mangroves in Florida
FIGURE 3. Kalliapseudes (Mesokalliapseudes) macsweenyi n. sp., female holotype: (a) pereopod I; (b) pereopod II; (c) pereopod III; (d) pereopod IV; (e) pereopod V. (Scales: a–e – 0.1 mm).
FIGURE 1 in Kalliapseudes (Mesokalliapseudes) macsweenyi, a new species of Kalliapseudidae (Crustacea: Tanaidacea: Apseudomorpha) from mangroves in Florida
FIGURE 1. Kalliapseudes (Mesokalliapseudes) macsweenyi n. sp., female holotype: (a) body, dorsal view; (b) antennule; (c) antenna; (d) labrum; (e) right half of labium; (f) right mandible; (g) left mandible; (h) enlargement of incisor process and lacinia mobilis of left mandible. (Scales: a – 1 mm; b, c, d, f, g – 0.1 mm; h – 0.01 mm).
FIGURE 4 in Craniella quirimure sp. nov. from the mangroves of Bahia (Brazil) (Tetillidae, Spirophorida, Demospongiae)
FIGURE 4 Schematic representation of the megasclere complement and SEM of the microscleres of the holotype. A. Protriaene I. B. Cladome of the prodiaene I. C. Protriaene II. D. Cladome of the prodiaene II. E. Oxea I (main, choanosomal). F. Oxea II (cortical). G. Oxea III (anisoxea, choanosomal). H. Oxea IV (rhizoidal). I. Anatriaene. J. Sigmaspire. Scale bar in m: AD, I = 25; E = 250; FH = 100 and J = 2.
FIGURE 2 in Craniella quirimure sp. nov. from the mangroves of Bahia (Brazil) (Tetillidae, Spirophorida, Demospongiae)
FIGURE 2. Craniella quirimure sp. nov. A. Two specimens alive in an aquarium. Scale bar 2 cm. B. Specimen sectioned sagitally to show inner color pattern. Scale bar 2 cm
FIGURE 1 in Craniella quirimure sp. nov. from the mangroves of Bahia (Brazil) (Tetillidae, Spirophorida, Demospongiae)
FIGURE 1 Map showing the location of Camamu and Todos os Santos bays (State of Bahia, Brazil), indicating Craniella quirimure sp.nov.s typelocality and the other collecting station. A. Todos os Santos Bay (TSB), B Itaparica Channel, C. Itaparica Yacht Club, D. Jacuruna and E. Camamu.
FIGURE 1 in Two new species of the genus Deontolaimus de Man, 1880 (Nematoda: Leptolaimidae) from mangrove ecosystems of Vietnam
FIGURE 1. Deontolaimus mangrovi sp. nov., male. A, Anterior end (male 1); B, Anterior end (male2); C, Tail(male2); D, Entire male1; E, Posterior testis and tail region (male1).
FIGURE 4 in Two new species of the genus Deontolaimus de Man, 1880 (Nematoda: Leptolaimidae) from mangrove ecosystems of Vietnam
FIGURE 4. Deontolaimuscangioensis sp. nov., female. A. Anterior end; B. Entire female; C. Vulva region; D. Tail.
FIGURE 2 in Two new species of the genus Deontolaimus de Man, 1880 (Nematoda: Leptolaimidae) from mangrove ecosystems of Vietnam
FIGURE 2. Deontolaimus mangrovi sp. nov., female. A, Anterior end (female1); B, Tail (female1); C, Vulva region (female2); D Entire.
FIGURES 10–23 in A new pleurostomatid ciliate, Amphileptus salignus n. sp. (Protozoa, Ciliophora), from mangrove wetlands in southern China
FIGURES 10–23. Photomicrographs showing the morphology of Amphileptus salignus n. sp. from living cells (10–11, 16–22) and after protargol impregnation (12–15, 23). (10) Right view of a typical individual, arrows mark the extrusomes, arrowheads mark the contractile vacuoles. (11) Left view, arrowheads mark the longitudinal ridges. (12) To show the oral structure, arrowheads mark perioral kinety 1, arrow marks perioral kinety 2. (13) To show the nematodesmata (arrowheads). (14) Left view of anterior portion, arrows show the dorsal brush. (15) The distribution of macronuclear nodules (arrows) and long extrusomes (arrowheads). (16, 17) Two kinds of extrusomes, arrowheads show the shorter ones, arrows show the longer ones. (18) Cortical granules (arrowhead). (19) To show the contractile vacuoles, arrowhead marks the one positioned near the dorsal side. (20) To show dorsal cilia (arrowheads) and dorsal brush (arrow). (21) Anterior region of cell, arrowheads point to the shorter extrusomes. (22) Mid-region of cell, arrowheads indicate the shorter extrusomes. (23) To show the longer extrusomes. Scale bars in (10, 11)—100 µm, in (16, 17)—20 µm.
FIGURES 1–9. Amphileptus salignus n in A new pleurostomatid ciliate, Amphileptus salignus n. sp. (Protozoa, Ciliophora), from mangrove wetlands in southern China
FIGURES 1–9. Amphileptus salignus n. sp. from living cells (1–5) and after protargol impregnation (6–9). (1) Right view of a typical specimen with pointed posterior end. (2) Two kinds of extrusomes. (3) Cortical granules distributed between ciliary rows. (4) Left views, to show variations in body shape and in the number and distribution of contractile vacuoles. (5) Left view, note the dorsal brush. (6) Left-ventral view showing the detailed structure around the cytostome including the well-developed nematodesmata. (7–8) Infraciliature of right (7) and left (8) sides of the same specimen, arrows in Fig. 7 mark the suture. (9) Macronuclear nodules and distribution of the longer extrusomes, the shorter kind of extrusomes were not observed after protargol impregnation. CV: contractile vacuole, DB: dorsal brush, Ex: extrusome, Ma: macronuclear nodules, PK1–2: perioral kineties 1 and 2. Scale bars in (1, 4)—100 µm, in (2) – 10 µm, in (7, 8)—80 µm.
FIGURE 8. Copidognathus rhombognathoideus Bartsch 2006 in New records of Copidognathus mites (Acari: Halacaridae) from mangroves in Brunei Darussalam with descriptions of two new species
FIGURE 8. Copidognathus rhombognathoideus Bartsch 2006 (female) A–C –– legs I –III. (Scale bar = 20μm)
FIGURE 7. Copidognathus rhombognathoideus Bartsch, 2006 in New records of Copidognathus mites (Acari: Halacaridae) from mangroves in Brunei Darussalam with descriptions of two new species
FIGURE 7. Copidognathus rhombognathoideus Bartsch, 2006 (A, B, D–F, female; C—male) A—idiosoma dorsal female B —idiosoma ventral female C— idiosoma ventral male, D—gnathosoma, E—part of the costae showing porose panels, F—area between two costae on PD showing foveae. (Scale bars: A–C = 100 µm, D = 40 µm, E, F = 20 µm)
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