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FIGURE 1 in Phylogenetic positions of four hypotrichous ciliates (Protista, Ciliophora) based on SSU rRNA gene, with notes on their morphological characters

FIGURE 1. Rigidohymena inquieta from life (A, F–K) and after staining with protargol (D, E, L). A. Ventral view of living cells; B, C, L. Ventral (B, L) and dorsal (C) view of infraciliature; D, E. Ventral and dorsal view during later stage of reorganization; F, G. Ventral view of two typical individuals, arrow in G marks the contractile vacuole; G. Showing the crystals in cytoplasm; H. Showing the membranelles of adoral zone (arrowhead) and the transverse cirri (arrow); I. Details of oral structure, arrowhead marks the anteriorly curved Cyrtohymena-like paroral membrane; J. The collar part of adoral zone of membrane; K. Cyst; FC, frontal cirri; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclei; Mi, micronuclei; PM, paroral membrane; RMR, right marginal row; VC, ventral cirri; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars = 50 Μm.

FIGURE 4 in Phylogenetic positions of four hypotrichous ciliates (Protista, Ciliophora) based on SSU rRNA gene, with notes on their morphological characters

FIGURE 4. Cyrtohymena (Cyrtohymenides) australis from life (A–D) and after staining with protargol (E–G). A, B. Two typical individuals, showing the body shape and colour. C. Cortical granules on dorsal side, arrows mark the cortical granules that scattered in pellicle. D. Cyst. E. The three anlagen for dorsal kineties of proter (arrowheads). F, G. Four dorsomarginal anlagen of proter (arrowhead, F) and opisthe (arrowhead, G) in the same specimen as in E. Scale bars = 100 Μm (A, B), 30 Μm (D).

FIGURE 64 in The genital area of Halacaridae (Acari), life stages and development of morphological characters and implication on the classification

FIGURE 64. Metarhombognathus nudus (Viets, 1928), genital opening, male. FIGURES 65–66. Mictognathus werthelloides Newell, 1984, 65. genital opening, female; 66. genital plate, deutonymph. FIGURE 67. Phacacarus flavellus Bartsch, 1992, genitoanal plate, female. FIGURE 68. Rhombognathides spinipes (Viets, 1933), genital opening, female. FIGURES 69–70. Scaptognathides hawaiiensis Bartsch, 1988, female, 69. posterior part of genitoanal plate; 70. left AE with epimeral pore. FIGURES 71–72. Simognathus maculatus Bartsch, 1994, 71. posterior part of genitoanal plate, female; 72. posterior idiosoma with genital plate, protonymph. FIGURE 73. Simognathus fuscus Viets, 1936, posterior idiosoma with genital plate, deutonymph. FIGURE 74. Simognathus sp., genital plate, deutonymph. FIGURE 75. Simognathus actius Otto, 2000, posterior idiosoma with genital plate, protonymph. (ep, epimeral tube; gac, genital acetabula) Scale = 50 µm

FIGURES 76–80 in The genital area of Halacaridae (Acari), life stages and development of morphological characters and implication on the classification

FIGURES 76–80. Thalassarachna basteri (Johnston, 1836), 76. genital opening, female; 77. tip of everted ovipositor, female, dorsal aspect (anteroapical part omitted); 78. everted ovipositor, female, ventral aspect (posteroapical part omitted); 79. genital opening, male; 80. detail of posterior part of genital opening, male. FIGURE 81. Thalassarachna longipes (Trouessart, 1888), genital opening, female. FIGURES 82–83. Thalassarachna dissimilis (Bartsch, 1979), 82. genital region, female; 83. genital opening, male. FIGURE 84. Tropihalacarus longirostris (Bartsch, 1995), genital opening, male (three posterior pairs of subgenital setae omitted). FIGURE 85. Werthelloides bathyalis Bartsch, 1986, genital opening, female. (bgsp, basal genital spine; gac, genital acetabula; sgs, subgenital setae) Scale = 50 µm.

FIGURES 28–31 in The genital area of Halacaridae (Acari), life stages and development of morphological characters and implication on the classification

FIGURES 28–31. Bradyagaue drygalskii (Lohmann, 1907), 28. genital opening, female; 29. genital opening, male (subgenital setae omitted); 30. genital plate, deutonymph; 31. genital plate, protonymph. FIGURES 32–33. Camactognathus tesselatus (Morselli & Mari, 1982), 32. genital opening, female; 33. genitoanal plate, deutonymph. FIGURES 34–35. Coloboceras longiusculus Trouessart, 1889, 34. genital opening, female; 35. genital plate, deutonymph. FIGURE 36. Copidognathides ampliatus Bartsch, 1999, genital opening, male. FIGURE 37. Copidognathus magniporus Bartsch, 1973, genital opening, female. FIGURE 38. Copidognathus magnipalpus (Police, 1909), genital opening, female. FIGURE 39. Copidognathus caelatus Bartsch, 1994, genital opening and everted ovipositor, ventral aspect. FIGURE 40. Copidognathus wadjemupis Bartsch, 1999, everted ovipositor, ventral aspect. (agsp, apical genital spines; bgsp, basal genital spine; gac, genital acetabula; pgs, perigenital setae; sgs, subgenital seta) Scale = 50 µm.

FIGURE 53. Isobactrus hartmanni Bartsch, 1972 in The genital area of Halacaridae (Acari), life stages and development of morphological characters and implication on the classification

FIGURE 53. Isobactrus hartmanni Bartsch, 1972, genital region, female. FIGURES 54–55. Isobactrus obesus Bartsch, 1992, 54. genital plate, female; 55. genital region, tritonymph. FIGURES 56–59. Isobactrus aspidotus Bartsch, 2009, 56. genital opening, male; 57. genital region, tritonymph; 58. genital region, deutonymph; 59. genital region, protonymph. FIGURE 60. Isobactrus uniscutatus (Viets, 1939), genital plate, male. FIGURE 61. Lohmannella falcata (Hodge, 1863), genital plate, protonymph. FIGURES 62–63. Makarovana spinosa (Bartsch, 1978), female, 62. posterior part of genitoanal plate; 63. genital opening with everted ovipositor and two genital spines (enlarged), lateral aspect. (bgsp, basal genital spine; pgs, perigenital setae; pogs, postgenital sclerite; prgs, pregenital sclerite) Scale = 50 µm.

FIGURES 16–18 in The genital area of Halacaridae (Acari), life stages and development of morphological characters and implication on the classification

FIGURES 16–18. Arhodeoporus gracilipes (Trouessart, 1889), 16. genital region, female; 17. everted ovipositor, ventrolateral aspect; 18. genital opening, male. FIGURES 19–20. Arhodeoporus corallinus Otto, 2000, 19. genital region, female; 20. genital opening, male. FIGURES 21–22. Arhodeoporus bonairensis (Viets, 1936), 21. genital opening, female; 22. genital plate, deutonymph. FIGURES 23–24. Atelopsalis pacifica Bartsch, 1985, 23. posterior part of genitoanal plate, female, ventrolateral aspect (genital acetabula of the other side not illustrated); 24. genital plate, protonymph. FIGURES 25–26. Australacarus pustulatus Bartsch, 1993, 25. genitoanal plate, female; 26. genitoanal plate, male. FIGURE 27. Bathyhalacarus acutus Bartsch, 1982, genital opening, female. (fo, foveate surface structure; gac, genital acetabula; ov, ovipositor; pa, porose surface structure) Scale = 50 µm.

FIGURES 1–2. Acanthohalacarus reticulatus Bartsch, 2001, 1 in The genital area of Halacaridae (Acari), life stages and development of morphological characters and implication on the classification

FIGURES 1–2. Acanthohalacarus reticulatus Bartsch, 2001, 1. genital opening, female; 2. genital opening, male. FIGURES 3–4. Acarochelopodia biunguis Bartsch, 1988, 3. genitoanal plate, male; 4. genital plate, deutonymph. FIGURES 5–6. Acaromantis armatus Bartsch, 1977, 5. genital opening, female; 6. genital plate, protonymph. FIGURE 7. Actacarus spinosus Otto, 2000, posterior part of genitoanal plate, female. FIGURE 8. Agaue galatea Otto, 1999, genital plate, deutonymph. FIGURES 9–10. Agauopsis arborea Bartsch, 2003, 9. genital opening, female; 10. genital opening, male. FIGURE 11. Agauopsis arabia Bartsch & Chatterjee, 2001, everted ovipositor and two genital spines (enlarged), ventral aspect, female. FIGURE 12. Agauopsis mokari Otto, 1994, genital opening, male. FIGURE 13. Agauopsis sp. (A. furcata group), genital opening, female. FIGURES 14–15. Agauopsis moorea Bartsch, 1992, 14. genital opening, female; 15. genital opening, male. (agsp, apical genital spine; bgsp, basal genital spine; gac, genital acetabula; GF, genital foramen; gsc, genital sclerite; gsp, genital spines; pgs, perigenital setae; sgs, subgenital seta) Scale = 50 µm

FIGURES 41–43. Enterohalacarus minutipalpus Viets, 1938, 41 in The genital area of Halacaridae (Acari), life stages and development of morphological characters and implication on the classification

FIGURES 41–43. Enterohalacarus minutipalpus Viets, 1938, 41. anterior part of genital plate, female; 42. genital opening, lateral aspect, female; 43. genital plate, nymph. FIGURE 44. Halacarellus capuzinus (Lohmann, 1893), genital region, female. FIGURES 45–46. Halacarellus balticus (Lohmann, 1889), female, 45. everted ovipositor, lateral aspect; 46. apex of ovipositor, posteroapical part, lateral aspect. FIGURE 47. Halacaropsis hirsuta (Trouessart, 1889), genital opening, female. FIGURES 48–49. Halacarus bisulcus Viets, 1927, 48. genital opening, female; 49. genital opening, male. FIGURES 50–52. Halixodes novaezelandiae Bartsch, 1986, male, 50. genitoanal plate; 51. genital sclerites with stump-like, spinose subgenital setae; 52. genital opening (subgenital setae omitted). (aagsp, anteroapical genital spines; bgsp, basal genital spine; gac, genital acetabulum; gsp, genital spines; ov, ovipositor (at rest); pagsp, posteroapical genital spines; sgs, subgenital seta) Scale = 50 µm.

FIGURE 5. Female morphological characters. A in More than a century old ' Platycleis Kraussi case' finally resolved (Tettigoniidae: Platycleidini)

FIGURE 5. Female morphological characters. A) Pronotum discus, B) Paranota, C–E) Ssubgenital plates, F–H) Ovipositors. (A,B,C,F—Francikovac; D, G—Vela Učka; E, H—Ćićarija: Dol). (photo J. Skejo).

FIGURE 56. D in Revision of the genus Dinotoperla Tillyard, 1921 (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae) using morphological characters and molecular data: Establishes two new genera, three new species and updates the larval taxonomy

FIGURE 56. D. inermis: (A) showing long robust setae on inner margin of femora; (B) inner margin of femora without long robust setae.

FIGURE 55. D in Revision of the genus Dinotoperla Tillyard, 1921 (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae) using morphological characters and molecular data: Establishes two new genera, three new species and updates the larval taxonomy

FIGURE 55. D. carpenteri: (A) showing pronotum and mesonotum with short robust setae; D. uniformis: (B) showing pronotum and mesonotum with long robust setae tapering to a point.

FIGURE 54. D in Revision of the genus Dinotoperla Tillyard, 1921 (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae) using morphological characters and molecular data: Establishes two new genera, three new species and updates the larval taxonomy

FIGURE 54. D. jacobsi: (A) showing trapezoidal pronotum; D. subserricauda: (B) showing quadrate pronotum.

FIGURE 53 in Revision of the genus Dinotoperla Tillyard, 1921 (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae) using morphological characters and molecular data: Establishes two new genera, three new species and updates the larval taxonomy

FIGURE 53. (A – C) showing light fringes of long fine setae on femora and tibiae; (D – E) showing femora and tibiae without long fine setae.

FIGURE 51. D in Revision of the genus Dinotoperla Tillyard, 1921 (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae) using morphological characters and molecular data: Establishes two new genera, three new species and updates the larval taxonomy

FIGURE 51. D. hirsuta: (A) showing leg without long fine setae on outer margin of femora and tibiae; D. thwaitesi: (B) showing leg with scattering of long fine setae on outer margin of femora and tibiae.

FIGURE 49. D in Revision of the genus Dinotoperla Tillyard, 1921 (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae) using morphological characters and molecular data: Establishes two new genera, three new species and updates the larval taxonomy

FIGURE 49. D. fasciata: (A) tear shaped setae on hind margins and dorsal surface of tergites; D. fontana: (B) with long robust setae tapering to a point on hind margins and dorsal surface of tergites.

FIGURE 48. D in Revision of the genus Dinotoperla Tillyard, 1921 (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae) using morphological characters and molecular data: Establishes two new genera, three new species and updates the larval taxonomy

FIGURE 48. D. brevipennis: (A) showing dense fringe of long robust setae on hind margin of tergites, paddle-like on hind margin of tergite X; (B – C) showing hind margin of tergite X with less dense fringe of long robust setae but with fringe obvious on hind margin of other tergites; (D) showing hind margins of tergites with short robust setae present; (E – F) without fringe of robust setae on hind margins.

FIGURE 50 in Revision of the genus Dinotoperla Tillyard, 1921 (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae) using morphological characters and molecular data: Establishes two new genera, three new species and updates the larval taxonomy

FIGURE 50. Dinotoperla sp. NSW1: (A) showing pattern and colouration of thorax, (B) showing dark 'hour-glass' pattern on tergite X; Dinotoperla sp. NSW2: (C) showing pattern and colouration of thorax, (D) showing pale spots on tergite X.

FIGURE 52 in Revision of the genus Dinotoperla Tillyard, 1921 (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae) using morphological characters and molecular data: Establishes two new genera, three new species and updates the larval taxonomy

FIGURE 52. (A – C) showing socketed appearance on thorax; (D – F) without socketed appearance, smooth appearance instead.

FIGURE 47 in Revision of the genus Dinotoperla Tillyard, 1921 (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae) using morphological characters and molecular data: Establishes two new genera, three new species and updates the larval taxonomy

FIGURE 47. Dinotoperla cobra: (A) showing pronotal margins with dense fringe long robust paddle-like setae present; D. brevipennis (B) showing pronotum without dense fringe of paddle-like setae but with some long robust setae tapering to a point present on anterior and posterior margins.