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1,219 results for “Sand”
Black Sand pilot experiment for speeding snowmelt on Niwot Ridge for summer 2015
We piloted using black sand as a method for speeding snowmelt on Niwot Ridge in the summer of 2015. At each of two sites (Trough and Tvan), two 2x2 m plots were set up and two 3x3m plots were set up, with one of each size plot receiving 600 g/m2 black sand and one receiving 800 g/m2 of black sand. The sand treatments sped snowmelt by 6-9 days. Initially, soil moisture appeared to be slightly lower in the sand plots and soil temperature appeared to be slightly higher, but these effects disappeared by July.
Federal sampler data for Black Sand experimental plots, 2018
This project is part of the Black Sand experiment to monitor effects of early snowmelt at Niwot Ridge. At each of five sites (Lefty, Soddie, Trough, East Knoll and Audubon) two 2x2 m plots were set up and two 3x3m plots were set up, with one of each size plot receiving 600 g/m2 black sand and one receiving 800 g/m2 of black sand. This portion of the black sand experiment was to look at snow depth and SWE using a federal sampler at each of the plots in 2018. We use an aluminum Standard Federal Snow Sampler to measure snow depth and snow water equivalent (SWE). This device, compared to traditional snow pit techniques, provides efficient measurement capabilities that are less disruptive to the snowpack. Manual Federal Sampler measurements provide high accuracy point data to determine the amount of water in the surrounding snowpack. With a high downstream reliance on water within the regional snowpack, our weekly measurements give a time series of SWE throughout the winter season, offering consistent and dependable information for water resource planning and preparation.
SGS-LTER CO2 Elevation Study: Percent sand, silt & clay from each block and treatment of the Open Top Chambers on the Central Plains Experimental Range, Nunn, Colorado, USA 1997 - 2001
This data package was produced by researchers working on the Shortgrass Steppe Long Term Ecological Research (SGS-LTER) Project, administered at Colorado State University. Long-term datasets and background information (proposals, reports, photographs, etc.) on the SGS-LTER project are contained in a comprehensive project collection within the Digital Collections of Colorado (http://digitool.library.colostate.edu/R/?func=collections&collection_id=3429). The data table and associated metadata document, which is generated in Ecological Metadata Language, may be available through other repositories serving the ecological research community and represent components of the larger SGS-LTER project collection. Additional information and referenced materials can be found: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/82454. Soil cores, divided at 7 depths, from the shortgrass steppe Open Top Chamber experiment were analyzed for percent sand, silt and clay. It was found that soils were fairly consistent across treatments. This research was conducted at the Central Plains Experimental Range, near Nunn, CO; lat.40degrees 40 minutes N; long. 104 degrees 45 minutes W in the shortgrass steppe region of NE Colorado, USA and as a collaboration between SGS-LTER and USDA-ARS researchers.
Organic matter and sand content for backbarrier marsh cores from Metompkin island, VA 2012
Cores collected: Summer of 2012 Organic matter and sand content for backbarrier marsh cores from Metompkin island. Cores were taken from 6 different locations in the backbarrier on the south end of Metompkin island, with varying along- and cross-shore distances. The core sites are labelled MA-MF (eg: Metompkin core A, Metompkin core B, etc.), and each has an associated set of latitude and longitude coordinates showing the location where the core was taken. Included is the data for the percent organic matter, measured at 5cm intervals in the core, via loss-on-ignition experiments. Also included is the data for the percent sand, measured at 10cm intervals in the core, using a LS 13 320 particle analyzer.
Microstructure evolution of hydrate-bearing sands during thermal dissociation and ensued impacts on the mechanical and seepage characteristics
<p>This supporting information includes a figure S1 and four movies S1-S4, providing a raw CT image for the reader to analyze the grey value distribution, and animations of hydrate dissociation process and shear deformations in the main article.</p> <p> </p> <p>Figure S1 is uploaded with file name Figure S1-the No.476.cb. Detailed information includes the grey value distribution for the CT image.</p> <p>Movie S1 is uploaded with file name Movie S1. gif. Detailed information includes vertical-sectional view of a specimen during the decomposition process.</p> <p>Movie S2 is uploaded with file name Movie S2. gif. Detailed information includes longitudinal cross-sectional X-ray CT images of #T-1 specimen during shear deformation.</p> <p>Movie S3 is uploaded with file name Movie S3. gif. Detailed information includes longitudinal cross-sectional X-ray CT images of #T-2 specimen during shear deformation.</p> <p>Movie S4 is uploaded with file name Movie S4. gif. Detailed information includes longitudinal cross-sectional X-ray CT images of #T-3specimen during shear deformation.</p>
Consolidation behavior of gas hydrate-bearing sand at microscales
<p>This supporting information includes four figures S1-4, providing the vertical-sectional X-ray CT images of the hydrate-bearing sediment at 0.05MPa, 1MPa, 2MPa and 3MPa in the effective confining pressure</p> <p> </p> <p>Figure S1 is uploaded with file name Figure S1. Detailed information includes vertical-sectional X-ray CT images of the hydrate-bearing sediment at 0.05 MPa.</p> <p>Figure S2 is uploaded with file name Figure S2. Detailed information includes vertical-sectional X-ray CT images of the hydrate-bearing sediment at 1 MPa.</p> <p>Figure S3 is uploaded with file name Figure S3. Detailed information includes vertical-sectional X-ray CT images of the hydrate-bearing sediment at 2 MPa.</p> <p>Figure S2 is uploaded with file name Figure S4. Detailed information includes vertical-sectional X-ray CT images of the hydrate-bearing sediment at 3 MPa.</p>
Study of fluid and dust field features during the sand and dust storms in the Qingtu Lake Observatory
<p>The dataset concludes the fluid and dust filed information used in the work.</p>
The role of storms in sand wave formation: A numerical modeling study
<p>The data is mainly the results from the simulation for manuscript "The role of storms in sand wave formation: A numerical modeling study".</p>
FIGURES 1–6 in New records of Collembola from marine littoral sand of Hainan Island, China with description of a new Oudemansia species (Neanuridae: Pseudachorutinae)
FIGURES 1–6. Oudemansia chenorum sp. nov. 1, dorsal view of Abd. I–III showing intersegments; 2, cuticular granulation, anal spines and setae on Abd. VI; 3, mandible, labium and hypopharynx; 4, labrum; 5, pseudocellus on Abd. IV; 6, genital plate of male and anal valves. Scale bars: 100 µm in Fig. 1, 50 µm in Figs 2–6.
FIGURES 15–18 in New records of Collembola from marine littoral sand of Hainan Island, China with description of a new Oudemansia species (Neanuridae: Pseudachorutinae)
FIGURES 15–18. Oudemansia chenorum sp. nov. 15, hypopharynx and mandible; 16, maxila; 17, labium; 18, tibiotarsus III.
Acoustic emission characterization of coral sands during drained triaxial shearing
<p>These dataset was derived from saturated coral sands subjected to drained triaxial shearing, combing with a high-performance AE measurement system.</p>
Elevation Models for Reproducible Evaluation of Terrain Representation – Archetypal Landforms – Great Sand Dunes ASCII
<p>An elevation model of Great Sand Dunes, Colorado, USA</p> <p>Landform features: active dune field, sand sheet, sabkha</p> <p>Resolution: 3.3 meter, 5,300 x 5,300 height samples</p> <p>File format: Esri ASCII grid</p> <p>This is one model of a set of elevation models: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3938020">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3938020</a>. Please cite the entire set of models.</p> <p>Version 1.0.1 removes empty space characters from the file header, which prevented the file from being opened by some software.</p> <p>When using this elevation model in an academic publication, please cite the following article, which describes the process and rationale for compiling elevation models:</p> <p><em>Kennelly, P. J., Patterson, T., Jenny, B., Huffman, D. P., Marston, B. E., Bell, S. and Tait, A. M. (2021). Elevation models for reproducible evaluation of terrain representation. Cartography and Geographic Information Science, 48:1, 63–77. DOI: <a href="http://doi.org/10.1080/15230406.2020.1830856">10.1080/15230406.2020.1830856</a></em></p>
Data from: Phylogeography of sand-burrowing amphipods (Haustoriidae) supports an ancient suture zone in the Gulf of Mexico
AIM: To evaluate the impact of a proposed ancient suture zone in the Gulf of Mexico on the distribution and molecular diversity of dispersal-limited, sand-burrowing amphipods of the genera Haustorius and Lepidactylus (Haustoriidae: Amphipoda). LOCATION: Gulf of Mexico, U.S.A. and Mexico. METHODS: Phylogenetic and population genetic analyses were performed using mitochondrial (COI and 16S) and nuclear (18S and 28S) data from 93 amphipod individuals from 16 sites across the Gulf of Mexico. Bayesian and ML phylogenies were constructed for all genes, divergence times were estimated using a molecular clock for COI (0.007–0.013 subs./site per My), and four species delimitation methods were used to identify operational taxonomic units (OTUs) within each amphipod species. The mitochondrial COI gene was used to construct haplotype networks and estimate population genetic parameters to evaluate historical changes in effective population sizes. RESULTS: Deep divergences (most estimated to be >4 Mya) were uncovered between sister clades of both amphipod genera on either side of the Mississippi River as well as within Lepidactylus triarticulatus where each sample site was found to harbor a unique genetic lineage. Two cryptic OTUs of L. triarticulatus were identified living sympatrically at Pass Christian, Mississippi. Two distinct OTUs representing western and eastern Haustorius galvezi clades were identified along the Texas and Mexico coastlines with abutting ranges. Population genetic results show some support for recent population expansions for western Gulf OTUs, while eastern Gulf OTUs may have suffered population bottlenecks in the past. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: Divergences between sister species of sand-burrowing amphipods exceeds the timing of previous vicariant hypotheses. The split appears to be consistent with Miocene sedimentation levels from the Mississippi River acting as an east-west barrier to gene flow in the Gulf of Mexico. Given their strong population structure and cryptic diversity, haustoriid amphipods are ideal model organisms for studying open coast biogeography.
Representation model of wind velocity fluctuations and saltation sand transport in aeolian sand flow
<p>The data of the figures in the article.</p>
Wind and sand transport across a vegetated foredune [Dataset]
<p>This repository contains the data set of the publication "Wind and sand transport across a vegetated foredune slope" published in the Journal of Geophysical Research - Earth Surface.</p> <p>Data is provided, structured according to the figures of the manuscript, provided in the *.mat format, processed in MATLAB 2019b.</p>
Data from: Spatial distribution of sand fly vectors and eco-epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis transmission in Colombia
Background: Leishmania is transmitted by Phlebotominae insects that maintain the enzootic cycle by circulating between sylvatic and domestic mammals; humans enter the cycles as accidental hosts due to the vector's search for blood source. In Colombia, leishmaniasis is an endemic disease and 95% of all cases are cutaneous (CL), these cases have been reported in several regions of the country where the intervention of sylvatic areas by the introduction of agriculture seem to have an impact on the rearrangement of new transmission cycles. Our study aimed to update vector species distribution in the country and to analyze the relationship between vectors' distribution, climate, land use and CL prevalence. Methods: A database with geographic information was assembled, and ecological niche modeling was performed to explore the potential distribution of each of the 21 species of medical importance in Colombia, using thirteen bioclimatic variables, three topographic and three principal components derived from NDVI. Binary models for each species were obtained and related to both land use coverage, and a CL prevalence map with available epidemiological data. Finally, maps of species potential distribution were summed to define potential species richness in the country. Results: In total, 673 single records were obtained with Lutzomyia gomezi, Lutzomyia longipalpis, Psychodopygus panamensis, Psathyromyia shannoni and Pintomyia evansi the species with the highest number of records. Eighteen species had significant models, considering the area under the curve and the jackknife results: L. gomezi and P. panamensis had the widest potential distribution. All sand fly species except for Nyssomyia antunesi are mainly distributed in regions with rates of prevalence between 0.33 to 101.35 cases per 100,000 inhabitants and 76% of collection data points fall into transformed ecosystems. Discussion: Distribution ranges of sand flies with medical importance in Colombia correspond predominantly to disturbed areas, where the original land coverage is missing therefore increasing the domiciliation potential. We highlight the importance of the use of distribution maps as a tool for the development of strategies for prevention and control of diseases.
Data from: Geographic variation of life-history traits in the sand lizard, Lacerta agilis: testing Darwin's fecundity-advantage hypothesis
The fecundity-advantage-hypothesis (FAH) explains larger female size relative to male size as a correlated response to fecundity selection. We explored FAH by investigating geographic variation in female reproductive output and its relation to sexual size dimorphism (SSD) in Lacerta agilis, an oviparous lizard occupying a major part of temperate Eurasia. We analysed how sex-specific body size and SSD are associated with two putative indicators of fecundity selection intensity (clutch size and the slope of the clutch size-female size relationship), and with two climatic variables throughout the species range and across two widespread evolutionary lineages. Variation within the lineages provides no support for FAH. In contrast, the divergence between the lineages is in line with FAH: the lineage with consistently female-biased SSD (L. a. agilis) exhibits higher clutch size and steeper fecundity slope than the lineage with an inconsistent and variable SSD (L. a. exigua). L. a. agilis shows lower offspring size (egg mass, hatchling mass) and higher clutch mass relative to female mass than L. a. exigua, i.e. both possible ways to enhance offspring number are exerted. As the SSD difference is due to male size (smaller males in L. a. agilis), fecundity selection favouring larger females, together with viability selection for smaller size in both sexes, would explain the female-biased SSD and reproductive characteristics of L. a. agilis. The pattern of intraspecific life-history divergence in L.agilis is strikingly similar to that between oviparous and viviparous populations of a related species Zootoca vivipara. Evolutionary implications of this parallelism are discussed.
Data from: When field experiments yield unexpected results: lessons learned from measuring selection in White Sands lizards
Determining the adaptive significance of phenotypic traits is key for understanding evolution and diversification in natural populations. However, evolutionary biologists have an incomplete understanding of how specific traits affect fitness in most populations. The White Sands system provides an opportunity to study the adaptive significance of traits in an experimental context. Blanched color evolved recently in three species of lizards inhabiting the gypsum dunes of White Sands and is likely an adaptation to avoid predation. To determine whether there is a relationship between color and susceptibility to predation in White Sands lizards, we conducted enclosure experiments, quantifying survivorship of Holbrookia maculate exhibiting substrate-matched and substrate-mismatched phenotypes. Lizards in our study experienced strong predation. Color did not have a significant effect on survival, but we found several unexpected relationships including variation in predation over small spatial and temporal scales. In addition, we detected a marginally significant interaction between sex and color, suggesting selection for substrate matching may be stronger for males than females. We use our results as a case study to examine six major challenges frequently encountered in field-based studies of natural selection, and suggest that insight into the complexities of selection often results when experiments turn out differently than expected.
Data from: Survival by genotype: patterns at Mc1r are not black and white at the White Sands ecotone
Measuring links among genotype, phenotype and survival in the wild has long been a focus of studies of adaptation. We conducted a 4-year capture–recapture study to measure survival by genotype and phenotype in the Southwestern Fence Lizard (Sceloporus cowlesi) at the White Sands ecotone (transition area between white sands and dark soil habitats). We report several unanticipated findings. First, in contrast with previous work showing that cryptic blanched coloration in S. cowlesi from the heart of the dunes is associated with mutations in the melanocortin-1 receptor gene (Mc1r), ecotonal S. cowlesi showed minimal association between colour phenotype and Mc1r genotype. Second, the frequency of the derived Mc1r allele in ecotonal S. cowlesi appeared to decrease over time. Third, our capture–recapture data revealed a lower survival rate for S. cowlesi individuals with the derived Mc1r allele. Thus, our results suggest that selection at the ecotone may have favoured the wild-type allele in recent years. Even in a system where a genotype–phenotype association appeared to be black and white, our study suggests that additional factors – including phenotypic plasticity, epistasis, pleiotropy and gene flow – may play important roles at the White Sands ecotone. Our study highlights the importance of linking molecular, genomic and organismal approaches for understanding adaptation in the wild. Furthermore, our findings indicate that dynamics of natural selection can be particularly complex in transitional habitats like ecotones and emphasize the need for future research that examines the patterns of ongoing selection in other ecological 'grey' zones.
Data from: Corticosterone: a costly mediator of signal honesty in sand lizards
The mechanisms underlying honest signal expression remain elusive and may involve the integration of social and physiological costs. Corticosterone is a socially modulated metabolic hormone that mediates energy investment and behavior and may therefore function to deter dishonest signal expression. We examined the relationship between corticosterone and green badge coloration in male sand lizards (Lacerta agilis), hypothesizing that physiological and behavioral costs resulting from elevated baseline glucocorticoids function in maintenance of honest signal expression. We found that large-badged males had higher corticosterone titer, with this relationship apparent at the end of the season and absent early in the season. Large-badged males also suffered higher ectoparasite load (number of tick nymphs), despite being in better condition than small-badged males. Ectoparasite load was positively related to corticosterone titer early in the season at the time of badge formation. High-condition individuals had lower corticosterone and lower numbers of ectoparasites than low-condition individuals, suggestive of conditional variation in ability to withstand costs of corticosterone. We found an opposing negative relationship between corticosterone titer and endoparasite load. Corticosterone titer was also negatively associated with male mobility, a fitness-determining behavior in this species. Because badge size is involved in mediating agonistic social interactions in this species, our results suggest that badge-dependent variation in corticosterone is likely reflective of variation in social conditions experienced over the course of the season. Our results implicate corticosterone in maintenance of signal honesty, both early in the season through enforcement of physiological costs (ectoparasite load) and during the season through behavioral costs (male mobility). We propose that socially modulated variation in corticosterone critically functions in mediation of signal honesty without requiring a direct role for corticosterone in trait expression.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.