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FIGURE 13 in Using DNA barcodes to test the association of sexes and morphs in Calodesma spp (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini, Pericopina) of Trinidad, West Indies with an overview of the genus, taxonomic changes and a new species

FIGURE 13. Life history of Calodesma militta, collaris morph, collected as penultimate instar on Malpighia glabra, Trinidad, Mt. Hope, 10.646 -61.420 (Gosula 2021); penultimate instar found 24.iv.2021; pupated 1.v.2021; adult 11.v.2021. Top row, penultimate instar caterpillar; second row, final instar caterpillar; third row, cast final instar caterpillar skin and pupa; bottom row, adult male.

FIGURE 12 in Using DNA barcodes to test the association of sexes and morphs in Calodesma spp (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini, Pericopina) of Trinidad, West Indies with an overview of the genus, taxonomic changes and a new species

FIGURE 12. Similarity relationships of Calodesma spp. based on this work, barcodes from the ML collection, and selected public sequences in BOLD. Many duplicate DNA barcodes available for C. maculifrons from Costa Rica and some for C. militta from Trinidad are omitted so as to facilitate presentation. The taxonomy used is that developed in this work, and where relevant the names used here for the various morphs are included in parentheses after the scientific name. Bootstrap values are shown only if>70% and distances only if>0.002. The evolutionary history was inferred using the Neighbor-Joining method (Saitou and Nei 1987). The optimal tree with the sum of branch length = 0.15482979 is shown. The percentage of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test (1000 replicates) are shown next to the branches (Felsenstein 1985). The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths (next to the branches) in the same units as those of the evolutionary distances used to infer the phylogenetic tree. The evolutionary distances were computed using the Kimura 2-parameter method (Tamura et al. 2004) and are in the units of the number of base substitutions per site. The analysis involved 73 nucleotide sequences. Codon positions included were 1st+2nd+3rd+Noncoding. All ambiguous positions were removed for each sequence pair. There was a total of 689 positions in the final dataset. Evolutionary analyses were conducted in MEGAX (Kumar et al. 2018).

FIGURE 7 in Using DNA barcodes to test the association of sexes and morphs in Calodesma spp (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini, Pericopina) of Trinidad, West Indies with an overview of the genus, taxonomic changes and a new species

FIGURE 7. Calodesma militta BOLD:AAK1660 females orange morph from Trinidad, W.I.; dorsal view above, ventral view below. A, Lalaja Ridge, 23.xii.2019 J. Morrall, DNA 377. B, Hololo Mountain Road, 3.x.2017 J. Morrall, DNA 145. C, Arima valley, Simla, xii.2020, S. Alston-Smith, DNA 475. D, Arima valley, Simla, xii.2020, S. Alston-Smith, DNA 474. E, East of Point Fortin, 30.ix.1982, M.J.W. Cock, DNA 315. F, Rio Claro–Guayaguayare Road, milestones 4–5, 17.ix.1978, M.J.W. Cock, DNA 316. Life size.

FIGURE 11 in Using DNA barcodes to test the association of sexes and morphs in Calodesma spp (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini, Pericopina) of Trinidad, West Indies with an overview of the genus, taxonomic changes and a new species

FIGURE 11. Male genitalia of Calodesma spp. from South and Central America. Top row, C. militta BOLD:AAK1660, collaris morph, Paraguay (ML, dissection ML2869, DNA MILA1759). Second row, Calodesma sp. cf. collaris BOLD:ABZ2392, dioptis morph, (ML dissection ML2872, DNA MILA.0212). Third row, C. maculifrons, Esmeraldas, Ecuador (ML, dissection ML3290. Bottom row, C. uraneides, French Guiana, (ML, dissection ML2873)

FIGURE 3 in Using DNA barcodes to test the association of sexes and morphs in Calodesma spp (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini, Pericopina) of Trinidad, West Indies with an overview of the genus, taxonomic changes and a new species

FIGURE 3. Types of Calodesma spp. (3). See Table 1 for details. HT = holotype, ST = syntype. Not to scale. The Butler, C. & R. Felder, and Walker types are in NHMUK, © The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London, made available under Creative Commons License 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The Hering types are in MNHU, with permission.

FIGURE 1 in Using DNA barcodes to test the association of sexes and morphs in Calodesma spp (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini, Pericopina) of Trinidad, West Indies with an overview of the genus, taxonomic changes and a new species

FIGURE 1. Types of Calodesma spp. (1). See Table 1 for details. HT = holotype, LT = lectotype, T = unspecified type. Not to scale. The C. & R. Felder, Kaye, and Walker types are in NHMUK, © The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London, made available under Creative Commons License 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The Hering types are in MNHU, the Dognin type is in USNM, and the Drury type is in HMUG, with permission.

FIGURE 5 in Using DNA barcodes to test the association of sexes and morphs in Calodesma spp (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini, Pericopina) of Trinidad, West Indies with an overview of the genus, taxonomic changes and a new species

FIGURE 5. Male Calodesma militta BOLD:AAK1660 dioptis morph from Trinidad, W.I., captured at flowers of Austroeupatorium inulaefolium; dorsal view above, ventral view below. A, Parrylands, x.2017, S. Alston-Smith, DNA 160. B, Parrylands, ix.2018, S. Alston-Smith, DNA 296. C, as #A, DNA 161 (dissection 1004). Life size.

FIGURE 4 in Using DNA barcodes to test the association of sexes and morphs in Calodesma spp (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini, Pericopina) of Trinidad, West Indies with an overview of the genus, taxonomic changes and a new species

FIGURE 4. Male Calodesma militta BOLD:AAK1660 collaris morph from Trinidad, W.I., captured at flowers of Austroeupatorium inulaefolium; dorsal view above, ventral view below. A, Cat's Hill, 24.ix.2017, J. Morrall, DNA 138. B, Arima Valley, near Asa Wright Nature Centre, 23.ix.2017, J. Morrall, DNA 139. C, Parrylands, x.2017, S. Alston-Smith DNA163. Life size.

FIGURE 8 in Using DNA barcodes to test the association of sexes and morphs in Calodesma spp (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini, Pericopina) of Trinidad, West Indies with an overview of the genus, taxonomic changes and a new species

FIGURE 8. Calodesma sp(p). (unresolved barcodes) females red morph from Trinidad, W.I., captured at flowers of Austroeupatorium inulaefolium; dorsal view above, ventral view below. A, Rio Claro–Guayaguayare Road, milestones 4–5, 17.ix.1978, M.J.W. Cock. B, Arima–Blanchisseuse Road, milestone 9, Textel Road, 11.x.1979, M.J.W. Cock. Life size.

FIGURE 9. Type material Calodesma pseudocollaris new species Trinidad, W.I in Using DNA barcodes to test the association of sexes and morphs in Calodesma spp (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini, Pericopina) of Trinidad, West Indies with an overview of the genus, taxonomic changes and a new species

FIGURE 9. Type material Calodesma pseudocollaris new species Trinidad, W.I., Cat's Hill, at eupatorium flowers, 24.ix.2017, J. Morrall; dorsal view above, ventral view below. A, holotype, ♁ DNA 137. B, paratype ♁, DNA 135, dissection 1001. C, allotype ♀, DNA 143. Life size.

FIGURE 10 in Using DNA barcodes to test the association of sexes and morphs in Calodesma spp (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini, Pericopina) of Trinidad, West Indies with an overview of the genus, taxonomic changes and a new species

FIGURE 10. Male genitalia of Calodesma spp. from Trinidad, W.I. Top row, C. pseudocollaris new species, paratype, Trinidad, W.I., Cat's Hill, eupatorium flowers, 24.ix.2017, John Morrall [MJWC, DNA 135, dissection 1001]. Middle row, C. militta BOLD:AAK1660 collaris morph, Parrylands, eupatorium flowers, x.2017, S. Alston-Smith [MJWC, DNA 162, dissection 1003]. Bottom row, C. militta BOLD:AAK1660 dioptis morph, data as middle row [MJWC, DNA 161, dissection 1004]. Each row from left to right: dorsal view; ventral view; lateral view from left; aedeagus lateral view from left; aedeagus ventral or ventro-lateral view.

FIGURE 2 in Using DNA barcodes to test the association of sexes and morphs in Calodesma spp (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini, Pericopina) of Trinidad, West Indies with an overview of the genus, taxonomic changes and a new species

FIGURE 2. Types of Calodesma spp. (2). See Table 1 for details. HT = holotype, ST = syntype, PT = paratype, T = unspecified type. Not to scale. The Druce, Stoll and Walker types are in NHMUK, © The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London, made available under Creative Commons License 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The Hering types are in MNHU, and the Dognin type is in USNM; with permission.

FIGURE 21. Dissodactylus crinitichelis Moreira, 1901 in Checklist of the shallow-water marine Brachyura (Crustacea: Decapoda) of Barbados, West Indies

FIGURE 21. Dissodactylus crinitichelis Moreira, 1901, female, cw 3.5 mm (BLSZ 042): A, dorsal view of carapace; B, frontal view of carapace. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 20. Superfamily Grapsoidea MacLeay, 1838 in Checklist of the shallow-water marine Brachyura (Crustacea: Decapoda) of Barbados, West Indies

FIGURE 20. Superfamily Grapsoidea MacLeay, 1838, dorsal habitus: A, Grapsus grapsus (Linnaeus, 1758), female (juv.), cw 26.6 mm (BLSZ 231); B, Pachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes, 1850), male, cw 10.2 mm (BLSZ 209); C, Percnon gibbesi (H. Milne Edwards, 1853), male, 20.8 mm (BLSZ 117); D, Plagusia depressa (Fabricius, 1775), female, cw 10.6 mm (MZUSP 40922). Scale bars = 20 mm.

FIGURE 17. Superfamily Portunoidea Rafinesque, 1815 in Checklist of the shallow-water marine Brachyura (Crustacea: Decapoda) of Barbados, West Indies

FIGURE 17. Superfamily Portunoidea Rafinesque, 1815, dorsal habitus: A, Charybdis hellerii (A. Milne-Edwards, 1867), male, cw 69.3 mm (BLSZ 019); B, Cronius ruber (Lamarck, 1818), male, cw 13.1 mm (BLSZ 062); C, Laleonectes vocans (A. Milne-Edwards, 1878), male, cw 20.0 mm (MZUSP 40913); D, Portunus sayi (Gibbes, 1850), female, cw 38.0 mm (BLSZ 205). Scale bars: A, C, D = 20 mm; B = 5 mm.

FIGURE 18. Superfamily Xanthoidea MacLeay, 1838 in Checklist of the shallow-water marine Brachyura (Crustacea: Decapoda) of Barbados, West Indies

FIGURE 18. Superfamily Xanthoidea MacLeay, 1838, dorsal habitus: A, Eurypanopeus abbreviatus (Stimpson, 1860), male, cw 17.9 mm (BLSZ 210); B, Heteractaea ceratopus (Stimpson, 1860), male, cw 12.9 mm (BLSZ 122); C, Paractaea nodosa (Stimpson, 1860), male, cw 6.1 mm (BLSZ 215). Scale bars: 10 mm (A, B); 5 mm (C).

FIGURE 19. Superfamily Xanthoidea MacLeay, 1838 in Checklist of the shallow-water marine Brachyura (Crustacea: Decapoda) of Barbados, West Indies

FIGURE 19. Superfamily Xanthoidea MacLeay, 1838, dorsal habitus: A, Platyactaea setigera (H. Milne Edwards, 1834), female, cw 16.5 mm (BLSZ 216); B, Cataleptodius floridanus (Gibbes, 1850), male, cw 21.7 mm (BLSZ 273); C, Mecataleptodius parvulus (Fabricius, 1793), male, cw 17.3 mm (BLSZ 237); D, Williamstimpsonia denticulatus (White, 1848), male, cw 10.2 mm (BLSZ 254). Scale bars: 20 mm.

FIGURE 16. Superfamily Portunoidea Rafinesque, 1815 in Checklist of the shallow-water marine Brachyura (Crustacea: Decapoda) of Barbados, West Indies

FIGURE 16. Superfamily Portunoidea Rafinesque, 1815, dorsal habitus: A, Achelous anceps (de Saussure, 1857), male, cw 30.5 mm (BLSZ 271); B, Achelous sebae (H. Milne Edwards, 1834), female, cw 56.6 mm (BLSZ 245); C, Achelous ventralis (A. Milne-Edwards, 1879), male, cw 29.1 mm (BLSZ 185); D, Callinectes marginatus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1861), female, cw 81.8 mm (BLSZ 057); E, juvenile specimen of Callinectes marginatus, cw 20.0 mm (BLSZ 230). Scale bars: 20 mm.

FIGURE 15. Superfamily Majoidea Samouelle, 1819 in Checklist of the shallow-water marine Brachyura (Crustacea: Decapoda) of Barbados, West Indies

FIGURE 15. Superfamily Majoidea Samouelle, 1819, dorsal habitus: A, Teleophrys ruber (Stimpson, 1871), male, cw 14.5 mm (BLSZ 232); B, Thoe puella Stimpson, 1860, male, cw 1.0 mm (MZUSP 40917). Scale bars: 5 mm.

FIGURE 12. Superfamily Majoidea Samouelle, 1819 in Checklist of the shallow-water marine Brachyura (Crustacea: Decapoda) of Barbados, West Indies

FIGURE 12. Superfamily Majoidea Samouelle, 1819, Pitho aculeata (Gibbes, 1850), male, cw 9.7 mm (BLSZ 049): A, dorsal view; B, dorsal view of frontal margin; C, ventral view of frontal margin; D, G1 in abdominal cavity; E, left third maxilliped. Scale bars: A = 5 mm; B–E = 2 mm.