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2,911 results for “dispersal”
Dispersal modes affect Rhamnaceae diversification rates in a differentiated manner
<p><span>The evolution of dispersal modes has been proposed to promote the diversification of angiosperms. However, little is known about the relative impact of different dispersal modes on plant diversification. We test the association between dispersal modes and diversification rates using Rhamnaceae, the cosmopolitan buckthorn family, as a model. </span><span>We found that species with diplochory have the highest diversification rates followed by those with myrmecochory and ballistic dispersal, while lineages dispersed by vertebrates and wind have relatively low diversification rates. The difference in diversification rates may be closely linked to the difference in dispersal distance and ecological interactions implied by each dispersal mode. Species that disperse over larger geographic distances may have much higher speciation rates due to the increased chance of establishing isolated populations due to geological barriers or habitat fragmentation. However, long-distance dispersal may also increase the chance of extinction. In contrast, species with short-distance dispersal modes may have low speciation rates. Complex interactions with the surrounding environment may, however, impact diversification rates positively by increasing plant survival and reproductive success. </span></p>
Data for: DNA metabarcoding uncovers dispersal-constrained arthropods in a highly fragmented restoration setting
<p>Degraded areas are often restored through active revegetation, however recolonisation by animals is rarely engineered. Recolonisation may be rapid for species with strong dispersal abilities. However, poor dispersers, such as many flightless arthropods, may struggle to recolonise newly restored sites. Actively reintroducing or 'rewilding' arthropods may therefore be necessary to facilitate recolonisation and restoration of arthropod communities and the ecological functions they perform. However, active interventions are rare. The purpose of this study was twofold. First, we asked whether potential source remnant arthropod communities were dispersal-constrained and struggling to recolonise restoration sites. Second, we tested whether reintroducing entire arthropod communities from remnant populations would help dispersal-constrained species establish during farmland ecological restoration in southern Australia. Rewilding was conducted in summer 2018 by transplanting leaf litter, soil, and entire communities contained within it from remnant source populations into geographically isolated restoration sites, which were paired with untreated controls (n = 6 remnant, rewilding transplant, and control sites). We collected leaf litter and extracted arthropod communities 19 months after the initial rewilding event, then sequenced mite, springtail, and insect communities using a metabarcoding approach. Within all groups, community similarity decreased with spatial distance between sites, suggesting significant dispersal barriers. However, only mite communities showed a strong response to rewilding, which was expressed as increased compositional similarity towards remnant sites and greater species richness relative to controls. Our results demonstrate that many arthropod species may struggle to recolonise geographically isolated restoration sites and that full community restoration requires active interventions via rewilding.</p>
Capacitive crosstalk in gate-based dispersive sensing of spin qubits
<p>supporting data from paper 'Capacitive crosstalk in gate-based dispersive sensing of spin qubits' by E. G. Kelly, A. Orekhov, N. Hendrickx, M. Mergenthaler, F. Schupp, S. Paredes, R. S. Eggli, A. V. Kuhlmann, P. Harvey-Collard, A. Fuhrer and G. Salis</p>
Law_methane dispersal
<p>This repository contains the temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, dissolved methane and bottom current measurements presented in the publication ‘Dispersion and fate of methane emissions from cold seeps on Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand” submitted to Frontiers in Marine Science. The data were obtained from CTD casts collected at three methane seeps along the Hikurangi margin as well as a mooring outfitted with an ADCP and a MicroCat depolyed at ~15m above the seafloor at one of the seeps. <br>Additionally, the Regional Ocean Modelling System (ROMS) was used to simulate the advection of passive tracers (a proxy for methane) released at five seeps located along the southern Hikurangi margin over a period of one year. The animations from the ROMS model output shows the lateral transport and dispersal of dissolved methane plumes along the Hikurangi Margin, east of New Zealand. The model domain spans the continental shelf of the eastern North Island of New Zealand at a resolution of 2 km. Passive tracers were released 150-200 m above the seafloor (bottom three grid cells) at each of the five seep sites. </p>
Palaearctic origin and repeated dispersal over the world shaped the biogeographic history of the saprophytic genus Coprinopsis (Psathyrellaceae, Basidiomycota)
<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The biogeographic history of most fungi is still poorly known, as well as the patterns and processes responsible for their diversification. Recent studies uncovered that most fungi have originated and present higher diversification rates in the temperate zone. The distributional pattern known for fungi is also different from many plants, animals and microbes. Using the most comprehensive phylogeny of the saprotrophic genus <em>Coprinopsis</em>, we aim to infer the biogeographic history and test evolutionary hypotheses in the genus.</p> <p><strong>Location:</strong> Worldwide</p> <p><strong>Taxon:</strong> Fungi, Basidiomycota, Psathyrellaceae, <em>Coprinopsis</em></p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used a four-gene alignment with 100 species to estimate divergence times using two fossil calibrations within Agaricales. The chronograms were used to estimate diversification rates and geographic state-dependent models were applied. We further reconstructed the ancestral range history of the genus.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> Molecular dating estimated that the genus has diverged ca. 41 Ma (Eocene) and originated in the Palaearctic region. Diversification rates showed a decreasing pattern towards the present across <em>Coprinopsis, </em>especially after the Miocene (ca. 14 Ma). The diversification models dependent on distribution showed cosmopolitan lineages with higher net-diversification rates. When we compared temperate and tropical regions, we found that temperate lineages have higher net-diversification rates. The biogeographic history of <em>Coprinopsis</em> estimated different routes of dispersal. The most common dispersal route was from the Palaearctic to the Nearctic (15 times), followed by the Palaeartic to the Neotropics (14 times).</p> <p><strong>Main Conclusions:</strong> The study is the first to estimate the diversification rates and the historical biogeography of the coprinoid genus <em>Coprinopsis</em>. The diversification dynamics estimates in <em>Coprinopsis</em> are in agreement with the "generalized diversification rates model", where we found higher diversification rates in temperate regions compared to tropical regions. In general, the ancestral area and major dispersal routes recovered in the genus are similar to findings in other groups of fungi. </p>
Data from: Diversification and dispersal in the Americas revealed by new phylogenies of the wrens and allies (Passeriformes: Certhioidea)
<p>The passerine superfamily Certhioidea lacks a complete phylogeny despite decades of recognition as a clade and extensive systematic work within all its constituent families. Here, we inferred a near-complete species level phylogeny of Certhioidea from a molecular supermatrix, including the first comprehensive sampling of the wrens (Troglodytidae), and used this phylogeny to infer its biogeographic and diversification histories. We also inferred an expanded phylogeny including nearly 100 putative phylospecies previously documented in the literature, and we found that including this diversity had notable impacts on the inferred evolutionary history of Certhioidea. This phylospecies-level tree documented a few instances of species paraphyly, some previously described in the literature and some novel. We found that Certhioidea originated largely in Eurasia and dispersed into North America five times in the last 20 million years, including at the origin of the "New World certhioids", wrens and gnatcatchers, a clade herein named Orthourae. After this initial dispersal event, both wrens and gnatcatchers diversified extensively across the hemisphere, with both lineages repeatedly crossing between continents. However, we detected no notable impact of the formation of the Isthmus of Panama on the frequency of dispersal events between North and South America. The inclusion of phylospecies altered this biogeographic inference in some portions of the tree but overall was largely consistent. With species-level sampling, we found that diversification rates within Certhioidea were largely constant through time with a detectable deceleration toward the present. By contrast, phylospecies-level sampling recovered a different diversification history with a significant rate increase at the crown node of Orthourae after dispersing into the Americas and increased speciation rates, particularly within the genera Polioptila and Henicorhina. This largely resolved phylogeny for Certhioidea has yielded important insights into the evolutionary history of this group and provides a framework for future comparative work on this fascinating clade.</p>
Recent tree diversity increase in NE Iberian forests following intense management release: a task for animal-dispersed and drought tolerant species
<ol> <li>Under increasing human-related threats to forests, many studies suggest that increasing tree species diversity may boost forest resilience by enhancing the range of species' responses to disturbances. However, it remains unclear whether passive or active forest management strategies should be applied to increase tree diversity. This issue would benefit from investigating which management and environmental factors, together with species' functional traits influence temporal changes in tree species diversity.</li> <li>We explored the influence of the bioclimatic region, land-use history, forest cover, protection, management, forest structure and changes in temperature and precipitation, to explain tree species diversity changes in NE Iberian forests, by comparing 3141 plots from the Spanish National Forest Inventory sampled between 1989 and 2016. Moreover, we assessed which species' functional traits (dispersal habit, drought and shade tolerance) were most relevant for diversity changes.</li> <li>After 27 years, tree species richness and diversity moderately increased in the tree and regeneration layers. This trend occurred mostly in long-established, non-recently managed forests and in those with a lower initial basal area. Increasing temperature had negative effects for diversity increase in the tree layer but positive for the regeneration compartment, while decreasing precipitation showed the opposite effects.</li> <li>Tree species with higher drought tolerance, and especially those animal-dispersed ones arriving from the regional pool, mostly contributed to the local diversity increase. This pattern occurred in all forest types, although the taxonomic array of species varied.</li> <li> <em>Synthesis and applications.</em> The main drivers influencing the passive increase in tree species diversity suggest a primary role of diminishing forest exploitation in this recovery process, fine-tuned by climatic changes. This ecological scenario has particularly favored animal-dispersed tree species with higher drought tolerance, which mostly led the diversity increase. A higher presence of such highly mobile and drought-tolerant species can be crucial to increase functional diversity and, ultimately, increase forest resilience under future scenarios of greater aridity. In light of these results, management strategies should continue fostering the restoration of diversity in once intensively exploited forests while ensuring the maintenance of the already gained tree species diversity.</li> </ol>
Data from: The genetic basis of dispersal in a vertebrate metapopulation
<p>Dispersal affects evolutionary processes by changing population size and genetic composition, influencing the viability and persistence of populations. Investigating which mechanisms underlie variation in dispersal phenotypes and whether populations harbor adaptive potential for dispersal is crucial to understanding the eco-evolutionary dynamics of this important trait. Here, we investigate the genetic architecture of dispersal among successfully recruited individuals in an insular metapopulation of house sparrows. We use an extensive long-term individual-based ecological data set and high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes for over 2500 individuals. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS), finding a relationship between dispersal probability and an SNP located near genes known to regulate circadian rhythmic, glycogenesis and exercise performance, among other functions. However, this SNP only explained 3.8% of variance, suggesting that dispersal is a polygenic trait. We then used an animal model to estimate heritable genetic variation (<em>σ</em><sub><em>A</em></sub><sup><em>2 </em></sup>), which composes 10% of the total variation in dispersal probability. Finally, we investigated differences in <em>σ</em><sub><em>A</em></sub><sup><em>2 </em></sup> across populations occupying ecologically relevant habitat types (farm vs. non-farm) using a genetic-groups animal model. We found different adaptive potentials across habitats, with higher mean breeding value, <em>σ</em><sub><em>A</em></sub><sup><em>2 </em></sup>, and heritability for the habitat presenting lower dispersal rates, suggesting also different roles of environmental variation. Our results suggest a complex genetic architecture of dispersal, and demonstrate that adaptive potential may be environment-dependent in key eco-evolutionary traits. The eco-evolutionary implications of such environment-dependence and consequent spatial variation are likely to become ever more important with the increased fragmentation and loss of suitable habitats for many natural populations.</p>
Data for: Increasing planting density increases fruit mass and reduces the dispersal ability of a range-expanding invasive plant, Mikania micrantha
<p><strong>Aim:</strong> Invasive plants may evolve a suite of distinctive traits during spread in the new range. Among these traits, dispersal ability is an important trait determining the invasion speed of exotic plants. There is evidence that higher dispersal ability is favored at the invasion front, where population density may be low. However, no study has explicitly tested how planting density in a common garden affects the dispersal ability of invasive plants.</p> <p><strong>Location:</strong> Hainan island of China.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> In this study, using 27 populations of an invasive plant, <em>Mikania micrantha</em>, which is expanding its range on Hainan island of China, we examine how three dispersal-related traits (i.e., dispersal ability, fruit mass, and pappus radius) change with distance from invasion centre and field population density, and how planting density in a common garden affects dispersal traits.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> Dispersal traits did not change with distance from the invasion centre and field population cover either in the natural environment or in the common garden. In the common garden, increasing planting density from one to five plants per pot increased fruit mass and decreased dispersal ability, indicating that the effect of density on dispersal traits could not be detected in the field. The relationship between dispersal ability in the natural environment and that in the common garden was positive but significant only under the five plants per pot treatment, possibly because dispersal traits in natural conditions were selected under high density growth conditions.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions:</strong> Our results indicate that increasing population density may increase fruit mass and reduce the dispersal ability of range-expanding invasive plants. We suggest that further studies exploring the patterns of dispersal traits in range-expanding invasive plants in a common garden should consider intraspecific competition.</p>
Data from: Seed dispersal mode and habitat connectivity underpin variation in carbon stocking between Brazilian biomes
<p>In tropical forests, about 60 to 80% of woody plant species depend on animal-plant interactions for dispersal. The dependence on animal species for dispersal makes this interaction very fragile in the face of anthropogenic changes in land use. Disrupting seed dispersal processes, principally zoochoric dispersal, could significantly alter the long-term carbon storage potential of tropical forests. An important question is how landscape structure changes tree carbon stocks in different types of tropical vegetation and how variation is mediated by the dispersal mode of animal (zoochoric) or abiotic (non-zoochoric) seeds. We focused on tree plots at 126 sites in Brazil spanning four types of forest and savanna vegetation, and calculated carbon stored in zoochoric, non-zoochoric, and large frugivore-dispersed species. Our results showed that carbon stocks in zoochoric species and non-zoochoric species differ significantly among vegetation types, with rainforests having higher stocks in zoochoric species and semideciduous seasonally dry tropical forests having higher values in non-zoochoric species. A greater area of native vegetation promotes higher proportions of carbon stocks dispersed by large frugivore species, whereas a higher mean shape index reduces this proportion. Synthesis: This study highlights that seed-dispersal type underpins the variation in carbon stocks between vegetation types and that the maintenance of habitat of large dispersers and connectivity are key for retaining carbon stocks in zoochoric species, particularly in rainforest and cerrado sensu stricto.</p>
Effective dispersal patterns in prairie plant species across human-modified landscapes
<p>Effective dispersal among plant populations is dependent on vector behavior, landscape features, and availability of adequate habitats. To capture landscape feature effects on dispersal, studies must be conducted at scales reflecting single-generation dispersal events (meso-scale). Many studies are conducted at large-scales where genetic differentiation is due to dispersal occurring over multiple generations, making it difficult to interpret the effects of specific landscape features on vector behavior. Genetic structure at the meso-scale may be determined by ecological and evolutionary processes, such as the consequences of vector behavior on patterns of gene flow. We used chloroplast haplotypes and nuclear genome SNP surveys to identify landscape features influencing seed and pollen dispersal at a meso-scale within the Rogue River Valley in southern Oregon. We evaluated biotic and abiotic vector behavior by contrasting two annual species with differing dispersal mechanisms; <em>Achyrachaena mollis</em> (Asteraceae) is a self-pollinating and anemochoric species, and <em>Plectritis congesta</em> (Caprifoliaceae) is biotically pollinated with barochoric seeds. Using landscape genetics methods, we identified features of the study region that conduct or restrict dispersal. We found chloroplast haplotypes were indicative of historic patterns of gene flow prior to human modification of landscapes. Seed dispersal of <em>A. mollis</em> was best supported by models of isolation-by-distance, while seed-driven gene flow of <em>P. congesta</em> was determined by the distribution of preserved natural spaces and quality habitat. Whole-genome genetic structure was driven by both pollen and seed dispersal, and both species responded to contemporary landscape changes, such as urban and agricultural conversion, and habitat availability.</p>
Life history correlations and trade-offs resulting from selection for dispersal in Tribolium castaneum
<p>Dispersal is an important facet of the life history of many organisms and is therefore subject to selective pressure, but does not evolve in isolation. Across nature, there are examples of dispersal syndromes, life history strategies in which suites of traits coevolve, and covary with dispersal in combinations that serve to maximise fitness in a given ecological context. The red rust flour beetle, <em>Tribolium castaneum</em>, is a model organism and globally significant post-harvest pest that relies on dispersal to reach new patches of ephemeral habitat. Dispersal behaviour in <em>Tribolium</em> has a strong genetic basis. However, a robust understanding of the relationship between dispersal and other life-history components, which could elucidate evolutionary processes and allow pest managers to control their spread and reduce the impact of infestation, is currently lacking. Here we use highly replicated lines of <em>T. castaneum </em>previously artificially selected for divergent small-scale dispersal propensity, to robustly test several important life history components: reproductive strategy, development time, and longevity. As predicted, we find that a suite of important changes as a result of our selection on dispersal; high dispersal propensity is associated with a lower number of longer mating attempts by males, lower investment in early-life reproduction by females, slower development of later-laid offspring and longer female lifespan. These findings indicate that correlated intraspecific variation in dispersal and related traits may represent alternative life history strategies in <em>T. castaneum</em>. We therefore suggest that pest management efforts to mitigate the species' agro-economic impact should consider the eco-evolutionary dynamics within multiple life histories. The benefits of doing so could be felt both through improved targeting of efforts to reduce spread, and also in forecasting how the selection pressures applied through pest management are likely to affect pest evolution.</p>
Data for the paper "Dispersion of particles in a sessile droplet evaporating on a heated substrate"
<p><span><span>This file contains the data generated for each case demonstrated in the paper titled "Dispersion of particles in a sessile droplet evaporating on a </span>heated substrate" <br>Authors: Aman Kumar Jain, Fabian Denner, and Berend van Wachem. <br><br>The repository contains the 7 folders for 7 cases performed in stage 2 of the simulation described in table 4 of the paper. Cases C1 and C2 involve a droplet on a substrate at Ts = 25 ◦ C, while C3 and C4 involve a substrate at Ts = 50 ◦C. Marangoni stresses are considered in the even-numbered cases and neglected in the odd-numbered ones. The case names ending with suffix S denotes the standard silica particles and the case names ending with suffix N denotes neutrally buoyant articles. <br></span></p> <p><span>Along with these folders a python script "ParticleCombined.py" is added which uses the particle position data in each case folder to calculate the particle surface density. <br><br>Each case folder contains: <br>The fluid fields, mesh, and particle information are stored in folders Fields, DMs, Meshes and Particles. <br>A .xmf wrapper file is provided to read the simulation results in Paraview. <br>The "results.xmf" file shows the fluid data such as velocity, pressure and liquid volume fraction. The liquid volume fraction value, alpha, tracks the interface of an evaporating sessile droplet. <br>The "results_DEM.xmf" shows the particle data such as the position, velocity and other data sets associated with the particles. <br><br>Each case folder contains five *.csv files which contain the information of particle position for 5-time instances and are processed using the python script "ParticleCombined.py". <br><br>This research was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation), grant number 452916560.<br></span></p>
Data from: genetic evidence of differential dispersal pattern in Asiatic wild dog: comparing populations with different pack size and tiger densities
<p><span>Dispersal is a multi-causal, crucial life-history event in shaping the genetic and behavioral structure of mammals. We assessed the dispersal pattern of dholes aka Asiatic wild dog (<em>Cuon alpinus</em>), a social monogamous mammal at two tiger reserves of Maharashtra with different degrees of pack size and competition with tigers i.e. Tadoba-Andhari (TATR, smaller pack size, higher tiger density) and Nawegaon-Nagzira (NNTR, larger pack size, lower tiger density). We used the microsatellite data of 174 individual genotypes (98 males and 67 females) to assess the dispersal pattern of dholes from two populations with varying pack size, tiger density, and landscape connectivity using gene flow as a proxy. We compared the population structure, pairwise F statistics, assignment index, and relatedness across a spatial scale. Overall, the results suggested a difference in sex-bias dispersal pattern for the two sub-populations, exhibiting significant results for female-biased dispersal in the TATR population with a smaller pack size and higher tiger density. Our study highlights the variability in sex-biased dispersal patterns in two different populations which could be the consequence of different variables such as pack size, tiger density, and geographical scale. The study warrants further quantitative investigation including several factors including individual behavior, pack composition, pack size, tiger density, etc. In the present Anthropocene era, determining the sex bias in dispersal patterns for a short-range, pack-living carnivore will help in devising an effective conservation management plan for their long-term survival.</span></p>
Infrequent oceanic long-range dispersal and evolution of a top terrestrial arthropod predator in the sub-Antarctic
<p>The UNESCO world heritage sub-Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems are unique. They have been isolated for over 30 million years by constant circum-polar currents and winds, and shaped by climatic cycles that surpass the tolerance limits of many species. Despite this recognition, surprisingly little is known about how these ecosystems acquired their native terrestrial fauna and how it changed over deep time scales. Here the patterns and timing of colonization and speciation in the largest and dominant arthropod predators in the Eastern sub-Antarctic – spiders of the genus Myro – are demonstrated for the first time. Our results indicate that this lineage originated from Australia before the Plio-Pleistocenic glacial cycles and underwent an adaptive radiation on the Crozet archipelago. We discuss the gain and loss of pre-adaptations acting as filter that enabled only one of four Myro species native to the Crozet islands to repeatedly disperse via the Antarctic circum-polar current, resulting in an outstanding distribution range over 9000 kilometres. The results highlight the outstanding role of the volcanic Crozet archipelago for the evolution of arthropod life in the sub-Antarctic, and the potential of terrestrial macro-invertebrates to achieve rare but ecologically influential trans-oceanic dispersal events over thousands of kilometres under hostile conditions.</p>
Literature review on the effect of conspecific density on animal dispersal (2000-2023)
<p>We review empirical studies of animal dispersal in relation to conspecific density to examine the evidence for density-dependent dispersal among taxa and test whether reports of its occurrence are taxon-specific and/or biased by the methodology employed. We conducted a thorough review of the literature (2000 - 2023) and found <em>k</em> = 97 empirical studies of amphibians, birds, fishes, invertebrates, mammals, or reptiles that had tested for a correlation between conspecific density and animal dispersal. From each, we derived the correlation coefficient of the relationship between density and dispersal, which we z-transformed to obtain the effect size, <em>Z</em><em><sub>r</sub></em><em>.</em> We also<em> </em>extracted and compiled information on taxonomic group, sex, age, migratory behavior, experimental setup, dispersal metric, density metric, and variable type, as well as temporal and spatial scale to test their relationships with <em>Z</em><em><sub>r</sub></em> using linear regressions and multilevel mixed-effect modeling.</p>
data supporting ''Tuning the mechanical properties of organophilic clay dispersions: Particle composition and preshear history effects''
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Source data for the publication "Ultra-dispersive resonator readout of a quantum-dot qubit using longitudinal coupling"
<div> <p>This repository contains data and source code for the publication "Ultra-dispersive resonator readout of a quantum-dot qubit using longitudinal coupling."</p> </div>
Raw data collection for the publication P. Pötschke, T. Villmow, B. Krause and B. Kretzschmar, Influence of Twin-screw Extrusion Conditions on MWCNT Length and Dispersion and Resulting Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Polycarbonate Composites
<p>This data collection contains the raw data for the publication <br>Petra Pötschke, Tobias Villmow, Beate Krause and Bernd Kretzschmar, Influence of Twin-screw Extrusion Conditions on MWCNT Length and Dispersion and Resulting Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Polycarbonate Composites, <strong>polymers </strong>2024, 16(19), 2694. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16192694">https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16192694</a></p> <p>The data are sorted according to the figures and tables in which they are used.</p> <p>The description in Table 1 is taken from the reference:<br>Villmow, T.; Kretzschmar, B.; Pötschke, P. Influence of screw configuration, residence time, <br>and specific mechanical energy in twin-screw extrusion of polycaprolactone/multi-walled carbon nanotube composites. Compos. Sci. Technol. 2010, 70, 2045-2055. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2010.07.021.</p> <p>Figure 15 is adapted from the references:<br>Krause, B.; Boldt, R.; Pötschke, P. A method for determination of length distributions of multiwalled carbon nanotubes before and after melt processing. Carbon 2011, 49, 1243-1247, https://doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2010.11.042.<br>and<br>Liebscher, M.; Domurath, J.; Krause, B.; Saphiannikova, M.; Heinrich, G.; Pötschke, P. Electrical and melt rheological characterization of PC and co-continuous PC/SAN blends filled with CNTs: Relationship between melt-mixing parameters, filler dispersion, and filler aspect ratio. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 2018, 56, 79-88, https://doi:10.1002/polb.24515.<br>The data are reused with permissions. </p> <p>The raw data (TEM images) used for the calculation of the carbon nanotube length distributions and mean carbon nanotube length values shown in Figs. 4, 11, 13, 16, and 17 are publically available at: Krause, B. (2024). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) detached from polycarbonate (PC) composites [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11400466</p> <p>Version v2:</p> <p>Compared to the submitted figure, in the final version in<strong> Fig. 9 </strong>the sample using the side feeder (PC-H-05) was removed and two samples extruded at 15 kg/h and 750 rpm (PC-H-25) and 1000 rpm (PC-H-26) were added. In the text-file the unit of GPa for the elastic modulus was corrected to MPa. </p> <p>Compared to the submitted Table, in the final version of <strong>Table 2 </strong>the electrical resistivity values were given in more detail including the standard deviation. The column title of sigma break was changed to sigma max, which is more correct for these stress-strain diagrams.</p> <p>Compared to the submitted Table, in the final version of <strong>Table 3</strong> the column title of sigma break was changed to sigma max, which is more correct for these stress-strain diagrams.The title of the first column was set to "screw" instead of "feeding". </p>
Dispersal patterns in black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra): Integrating multi-year demographic and molecular data
<p>Dispersal is a fundamental process in the functioning of animal societies as it regulates the degree to which closely related individuals are spatially concentrated. A species' dispersal pattern can be complex as it emerges from individuals' decisions shaped by the cost-benefit tradeoffs associated with either remaining in the natal group or dispersing. Given the potential complexity, combining long-term demographic information with molecular data can provide important insights into dispersal patterns of a species. Based on a 15-year study that integrates multi-year demographic data on six groups with longitudinal and cross-sectional genetic sampling of 20 groups (N=169 individuals, N=21 polymorphic microsatellite loci), we describe the various dispersal strategies of male and female black howler monkeys (<i>Alouatta pigra</i>) inhabiting Palenque National Park, Mexico. Genetically confirmed dispersal events (N=21 of 59 males; N=6 of 65 females), together with spatial autocorrelation analyses revealed that the dispersal pattern of black howlers is bisexual with strong sex-biases in both dispersal rate (males disperse more often than females) and dispersal distance (females disperse farther than males). Observational and genetic data confirm that both males and females can successfully immigrate into established groups, as well as form new groups with other dispersing individuals. Additionally, both males and females may disperse singly, as well as in pairs, and both may also disperse secondarily. Overall, our findings suggest multiple dispersal trajectories for black howler males and females, and longer multi-year studies are needed to unravel which demographic, ecological, and social factors underlie individuals' decisions about whether to disperse and which dispersal options to take.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.