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FIGURE 2 in Provisional checklist of freshwater fish diversity and distribution in Perak, Malaysia, and some latest taxonomic concerns

FIGURE 2. Nemacheilus cf. paucimaculatus. Note that 9–14 mid-lateral blotches are present. They are elongated, inconsistently shaped and some blotches appear divided. In dorsal view, specimens exhibit up to 10–14 dark brown saddles and some are marginally connected.

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Surf fish functional diversity

FIGURE 5 in Coastal fish diversity of the Socotra Archipelago, Yemen

FIGURE 5. Fish species-richness modelling for Socotra Archipelago using incidence-based richness estimators (Chao 2, ICE, Jackknife 2), based on 68 fish inventory sites and 487 species; six of 74 FIS were excluded from the richness modelling in order to avoid spatial bias.

FIGURE 10 in Coastal fish diversity of the Socotra Archipelago, Yemen

FIGURE 10. Comparison of species richness of eight key fish families (Acanthuridae, Balistidae, Chaetodontidae, Pomacanthidae, Pomacentridae, Labridae, Pseudochromidae, Serranidae) in 10 presumed ecoregions (modified from Spalding et al. 2007, see Materials and Methods; Zajonz et al. submitted) composing the wider Arabian region and Kenya as an external reference (refer to Zajonz et al. (submitted) for a regional species distribution list for these families) (* combines approximately the eco-regions 'Central Somali Coast' and 'Northern Monsoon Coast' of Spalding et al. 2007).

FIGURE 6 in Coastal fish diversity of the Socotra Archipelago, Yemen

FIGURE 6. Fish species richness distribution (S) in Socotra Archipelago at 74 FIS (497 species) in 1999-2000, arranged by island group and in east-west order, with Socotra Island sites pre-ordered in north-south direction. See Fig. 1 for locations.

FIGURE 1 in Coastal fish diversity of the Socotra Archipelago, Yemen

FIGURE 1. Overview map of the Socotra Archipelago, showing its geographic location in the Indian Ocean; with: (a) 74 subtidal Fish Inventory Sites (FIS) of 1999 and 2000, which include transect sites (/T) and ecological monitoring sites (/M) (Zajonz & Khalaf 2002; Zajonz & Saeed 2002); (b) 14 fish biomass monitoring sites from 2007 to 2014 (Zajonz et al. 2016); and (c) 13 main estuarine and lagoon survey sites from 1999 to 2009 (Lavergne 2012; Lavergne et al. 2016).

FIGURE 4 in Coastal fish diversity of the Socotra Archipelago, Yemen

FIGURE 4. Dendrogram plots of hierarchical agglomerative cluster analyses comparing (a) abundance-based resemblance pattern of 34 fish transect sites (square root transformed, Bray-Curtis similarity), and (b) incidence-based resemblance pattern of 27 fish transect sites (presence-absence transformed, seven south coast sites removed, Jaccard similarity). See Fig. 1 for locations.

FIGURE 12 in Coastal fish diversity of the Socotra Archipelago, Yemen

FIGURE 12. Comparison of fish species-area relationships (SAR) between Socotra Archipelago and neighbouring geographical units, using (a) the number of species per 100 km of coastal length, and (b) the number of species per 100 km2 of coral area (comparative data from Froese and Pauly 2017, FishBase, sourced 2012, and ReefBase 2017, sourced 2015; web resources, verified and adjusted), based on Fig. 11.

FIGURE 11 in Coastal fish diversity of the Socotra Archipelago, Yemen

FIGURE 11. Comparison of coastal and marine (All) fish species richness between Socotra Archipelago and continental countries or island groups. Coastal species number follows the total archipelagic richness extrapolated from the species richness models; All species include an estimate of expected deep-dwelling species based on unpublished regional data of Zajonz & Bogorodsky and neighbouring geographical units (comparative data from Froese & Pauly 2017, FishBase, sourced 2012; verified and adjusted).

FIGURE 3 in Coastal fish diversity of the Socotra Archipelago, Yemen

FIGURE 3. Frequency distribution of species richness of fish families in Socotra Archipelago according to (a) decimal richness categories, and (b) logarithmic richness categories.

FIGURE 2 in Coastal fish diversity of the Socotra Archipelago, Yemen

FIGURE 2. Schematic diagram illustrating the seasonal variation of the major oceanographic currents and circulatory features in the northern Indian Ocean and Gulf of Aden region (modified from Klaus & Turner 2004, compiled and adapted from several sources). Black arrows indicate surface currents (0-100 m), dashed arrows indicate subsurface currents (100-400 m depth) when they are in opposition to surface currents. Black shaded areas indicate the area of seasonal cold-water upwelling. Abbreviations: South Equatorial Counter Current (SECC), Somali Current (SC), Southern Gyre (SG), Great Whirl (GW), Socotra Eddy (SE), North Socotra Warm Eddy (NSWE), and North Socotra Cold Eddy (NSCE).

FIGURE 8 in Coastal fish diversity of the Socotra Archipelago, Yemen

FIGURE 8. Number of fish species recorded at the islands and island groups and numbers of species shared among them (including confirmed species and ODUs). The bars are arranged in blocks as follows (from bottom to top): records from the entire archipelago and records from the entire archipelago with known island-group distribution, total number of species at each of the three island groups, species occurring at all three island groups, at two island groups combined (shared among them but not exclusively), at two combined island groups exclusively (shared only between them) and at one island group exclusively (species recorded only from a single island group) ('Socotra' stands for Socotra Island & Sabuniya).

FIGURE 9 in Coastal fish diversity of the Socotra Archipelago, Yemen

FIGURE 9. Frequencies of a priori defined global distribution ranges of 658 fish species from Socotra Archipelago with known ranges, showing frequencies of all distribution range categories and relative shares of the main range types (compare Materials and Methods for definitions and abbreviations of the biogeographical units, and Annex 1 for the biogeographical classification of individual species); with hatched bars indicating biogeographical categories contributing to the total given for the North-western Indian Ocean (NWI-all).

FIGURE 7 in Coastal fish diversity of the Socotra Archipelago, Yemen

FIGURE 7. Occurrence-Frequency Distribution (OFD) of 497 fish species in Socotra Archipelago, based on 74 FIS (see Figs. 1, 6), and 4,900 occurrences (see also Zajonz & Khalaf 2002; error bars ±1SD).

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Fig. 2 in Molecules and morphology suggest cryptic species diversity and an overall complex taxonomy of fish scale geckos, genus Geckolepis

Fig. 2 Left: Simplified ND4 tree of Geckolepis showing major clades and lineages referred to as OTUs as shown in Fig. 1 (relationships of G. polylepis are derived from analyses of the 12S gene sequences). Major diagnostic morphological differences of each (or combined) OTU are summarized at the right of each respective clade (considers only adult

Fig. 8 in High species diversity of fish tapeworms in congeneric hosts in Africa: revision of Monobothrioides (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea), including description of two new species and molecular phylogeny

Fig. 8 Scanning electron micrographs of Monobothrioides species. a, b M. cunningtoni Fuhrmann and Baer, 1925 (type species) from Auchenoglanis occidentalis, Democratic Republic of the Congo; c, d M. chalmersius (Woodland, 1924) from Clarias sp., Sudan; e–h M.

Fig. 7 Monobothrioides zuheiri n in High species diversity of fish tapeworms in congeneric hosts in Africa: revision of Monobothrioides (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea), including description of two new species and molecular phylogeny

Fig. 7 Monobothrioides zuheiri n. sp. from Auchenoglanis occidentalis, White Nile at Kostí, Sudan. a total view, ventrally; b, c anterior end with first testes and vitelline follicles; d region of gonopores, laterally; e posterior part, ventrally; note posterior extent of vitelline follicles reaching ovary; f scolex; g cross section at testicular level; note tightly packed testes in two layers and longitudinal musculature formed by separated muscle fibres

Fig. 4 Monobothrioides tchadensis Troncy, 1978 in High species diversity of fish tapeworms in congeneric hosts in Africa: revision of Monobothrioides (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea), including description of two new species and molecular phylogeny

Fig. 4 Monobothrioides tchadensis Troncy, 1978 from Auchenoglanis occidentalis, Lower Congo River at Bulu, Democratic Repulic of the Congo. a Total view, ventrally; b, e anterior end with first testes and vitelline follicles; c scolex; d posteriod end, ventrally; note large, elongate cirrus-sac; f cross section at testicular level; note outer and inner longitudinal musculature formed by isolated muscle fibres

Fig. 6 Monobothrioides longicollis n in High species diversity of fish tapeworms in congeneric hosts in Africa: revision of Monobothrioides (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea), including description of two new species and molecular phylogeny

Fig. 6 Monobothrioides longicollis n. sp. from Auchenoglanis occidentalis, Democratic Republic of the Congo. a Total view, dorsally; note that testes and median vitelline follicles are omitted in middle part of the body; b anterior end with first vitelline follicles and testes; note long neck and conspicuous distance between first vitelline follicles and testes; c scolex; note numerous longitudinal grooves and wide band of dark cells in posterior part of the scolex; d posterior part, ventrally; note posterior extent of vitelline follicles reaching the ovary; e cross section at testicular level; note bundles of muscle fibres of the inner longitudinal musculature extended laterally around lateral osmoregulatory canals

Fig. 5 in High species diversity of fish tapeworms in congeneric hosts in Africa: revision of Monobothrioides (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea), including description of two new species and molecular phylogeny

Fig. 5 Monobothrioides woodlandi Mackiewicz and Beverley-Burton, 1967 from Clarias ngamensis (= C. mellandi), Lake Chali, Zambia. a Total view of holotype (USNPC 61727); b, c scoleces (c— paratype BMNH 1967.1.16.1); d posterior end of holotype; e cross section at testicular level; note inner longitudinal musculature formed by bundles of muscle fibres, with a pair of lateral and two pairs of sublateral wide bundles of muscles