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FIGURE 3. Plecia membranifera. A in Immature stages of three Japanese species of the genus Plecia Wiedemann (Diptera: Bibionidae)

FIGURE 3. Plecia membranifera. A, microstructure of egg surface. B, C, firstinstar larva. D–M, finalinstar larva. B, habitus, lateral view. C, head, dorsal view. D, habitus, lateral view. E, platelike ventral swelling of prothorax. F, spinules on dorsum of fourth abdominal segment. G, head, dorsal view. H, epipharynx. I, right mandible, dorsal view. J, right mandible, inner view. K, labium and hypopharynx, ventral view. L, left maxilla, dorsal view. M, left maxilla, ventral view. See Fig. 1 for abbreviations. Scales: G, 0.5 mm. C, F and H–M, 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 5 in Immature stages of three Japanese species of the genus Plecia Wiedemann (Diptera: Bibionidae)

FIGURE 5. Plecia hadrosoma, finalinstar larva. A, habitus, lateral view. B, platelike ventral swelling of prothorax. C, spinules on dorsum of fourth abdominal segment. D, head, dorsal view. E, epipharynx. F, right mandible, dorsal view. G, right mandible, inner view. H, labium and hypopharynx, ventral view. I, left maxilla, dorsal view. J, left maxilla, ventral view. See Fig. 1 for abbreviations. Scales: D, 0.5 mm. C, E–J, 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 4. Plecia membranifera, pupa. A in Immature stages of three Japanese species of the genus Plecia Wiedemann (Diptera: Bibionidae)

FIGURE 4. Plecia membranifera, pupa. A, male, frontal view. B, male, lateral view. C, female, lateral view. See Fig. 2 for abbreviations.

FIGURE 1. Plecia adiastola. A, egg. B–M in Immature stages of three Japanese species of the genus Plecia Wiedemann (Diptera: Bibionidae)

FIGURE 1. Plecia adiastola. A, egg. B–M, finalinstar larva. B, habitus, lateral view. C, platelike ventral swelling of prothorax. D, spinules on dorsum of fourth abdominal segment. E, prothoracic spiracle. F, eighth abdominal spiracle. G, head, dorsal view. H, epipharynx. I, right mandible, dorsal view. J, right mandible, inner view. K, labium and hypopharynx, ventral view. L, left maxilla, dorsal view. M, left maxilla, ventral view. Abbreviations (full terms in parentheses): ant p (antennal plate), a st (appendage of stipes), cd (cardo), cly (clypeus), ec su (ecdysial suture), e st (eye spot), fr ap (frontal apotome), gala (galeolacinia), ge (gena), hyp (hypopharynx), lb (labium), lr (labrum), md (mandible), mxp (maxillary palpus), prs (prostheca), st (stipes). Scales: G, 0.5 mm. D–F and H–M, 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 2. Plecia adiastola, pupa. A in Immature stages of three Japanese species of the genus Plecia Wiedemann (Diptera: Bibionidae)

FIGURE 2. Plecia adiastola, pupa. A, male, frontal view. B, male, lateral view. C, female, lateral view. Abbreviations (full terms in parentheses): ant (antenna), mxp (maxillary palpus), pro sp (prothoracic spiracle), rt (rostrum).

FIGURE 6 in Redescription of the adult female and 1 - instar nymph of Ceroplastodes dugesii (Signoret, 1886) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) and description of the other immature stages

FIGURE 6. Ceroplastodes dugesii (Signoret), prepupa. Where ab II–VIII = abdominal segment II–VIII; ads = dorsal abdominal setae; apl = abdominal pleural setae; asp = anterior spiracle; avs = ventral abdominal setae; h = head; ps = penial sheath; psp = posterior spiracle; sdp = spiracular disc pores; vts = ventral thoracic setae; wb = wingbud.

FIGURE 1 in Redescription of the adult female and 1 - instar nymph of Ceroplastodes dugesii (Signoret, 1886) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) and description of the other immature stages

FIGURE 1. Ceroplastodes dugesii (Signoret), adult female. Ai and Aii = ventral tubular ducts; B = preopercular pore; C = pregenital disc-pore; D = spiracular disc-pore; E = dorsal simple pore; F = ventral microduct; G = dorsal microductule; H = marginal seta; I = ventral seta; J = dorsal pore resembling setal socket; K = antenna; L = metathoracic tarsus and claw; MI = anal plates, dorsal view, MII = anal plates, ventral view, and N = spiracle.

FIGURES 15–20 in The immature stages of Ablabesmyia (Sartaia) metica Roback, 1983 (Diptera: Chironomidae) with keys to subgenera

FIGURES 15–20. Ablabesmyia (Sartaia) metica Roback, 1983, larva. 15. Head capsule, left: dorsal aspect, right: ventral aspect, showing distribution of cephalic setae and pores. 16. Maxillary palp. 17. Mandible. 18. Dorsomental teeth. 19. Ligula with pecten hypopharyngis and paraligula. 20. Apical claws of posterior parapods.

FIGURES 1–7 in The immature stages of Ablabesmyia (Sartaia) metica Roback, 1983 (Diptera: Chironomidae) with keys to subgenera

FIGURES 1–7. Ablabesmyia (Sartaia) metica Roback, 1983, male. 1. Wing. 2. Pigmentation pattern of legs. 3. Abdomen. 4. Hypopygium, left: dorsal aspect, right: ventral aspect. 5. Spur of foreleg. 6. Spur of midleg. 7. Spur of hind leg.

FIGURE 3. Notalina morsei Holzenthal, 1986 in Description of the immature stages of Notalina morsei Holzenthal, 1986 (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) and an updated key to larvae of Neotropical Leptoceridae genera

FIGURE 3. Notalina morsei Holzenthal, 1986. Pupa: A—labrum and mandibles, dorsal; B—hook plates IIIa–Va, dorsal and lateral; C—hook plates VIa, dorsal; D—hook plate Vp, dorsal; E—abdominal segment IX and anal processes, lateral; F— same, dorsal; G— same, ventral.

FIGURE 4 in Description of the immature stages of Notalina morsei Holzenthal, 1986 (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) and an updated key to larvae of Neotropical Leptoceridae genera

FIGURE 4. Simplified illustrations of the known Neotropical leptocerid genera. A—Grumichella, metanotum (modified from Holzenthal 1988b); B—Nectopsyche, metanotum (modified from Wiggins 1996); C—Hudsonema flaminii, metanotum (modified from Holzenthal 1986b); D—Triplectides, pronotum (modified from Holzenthal 1988a); E—Notalina, metanotum; F—Triplectides, hind leg (modified from Holzenthal 1988a); G—Amazonatolica hamadae, hind leg (modified from Holzenthal & Pes 2004).

FIGURE 2. Notalina morsei Holzenthal, 1986 in Description of the immature stages of Notalina morsei Holzenthal, 1986 (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) and an updated key to larvae of Neotropical Leptoceridae genera

FIGURE 2. Notalina morsei Holzenthal, 1986. Larva: A–head, dorsal; B–mandibles; C–head, ventral, without mandibles; D–thorax, dorsal; E–metasternum, ventral.

FIGURE 5 in Description of the immature stages of Notalina morsei Holzenthal, 1986 (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) and an updated key to larvae of Neotropical Leptoceridae genera

FIGURE 5. Simplified illustrations of the known Neotropical leptocerid genera. A—Atanatolica, anal proleg (modified from Holzenthal 1988b); B—Grumichella, anal proleg (modified from Holzenthal 1988b); C—Oecetis, head, dorsal; D—Amphoropsyche, fore tibia and tarsus (modified from Holzenthal 1986c); E—Triaenodes, lateral hump sclerite of abdominal segment I (modified from Holzenthal & Andersen 2004); F—Nectopsyche, lateral hump sclerite of abdominal segment I (modified from Holzenthal 1995); G—Brachysetodes, lateral hump sclerite of abdominal segment I (modified from Holzenthal 1985).

FIGURE 1. Notalina morsei Holzenthal, 1986 in Description of the immature stages of Notalina morsei Holzenthal, 1986 (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) and an updated key to larvae of Neotropical Leptoceridae genera

FIGURE 1. Notalina morsei Holzenthal, 1986. Larva: A—larval case; B—larval body, legs removed, lateral; inset, lateral sclerite of abdominal segment I enlarged; C—foreleg; D—middle leg; E—hind leg; F—abdominal segments IX and X, showing tergite IX, dorsal; G—abdominal proleg and anal claw, lateral.

FIGURES 60–65. C in Immature stages of Calycopis bellera (Hewitson) and C. janeirica (Felder) (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Theclinae, Eumaeini): Taxonomic significance and new evidence for detritivory

FIGURES 60–65. C. janeirica, scanning electron microscopy of egg. 60. Dorsal view. 61. Dorso-lateral view. 62. Micropylar area (rosette with three cells). 63. Cup-shaped cell of the exochorion. 64. Spine-like protuberance (=tubercle) arising from intersected ribs of the exochorion. 65. Aeropyle on top of tubercle.

FIGURES 75–82. C in Immature stages of Calycopis bellera (Hewitson) and C. janeirica (Felder) (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Theclinae, Eumaeini): Taxonomic significance and new evidence for detritivory

FIGURES 75–82. C. janeirica, scanning electron microscopy of larva (prolegs). 75. First instar, left proleg of third abdominal segment (uniordinal crochets in uniserial mesoseries). 76. Idem, left proleg of last abdominal segment. 77. Second instar, left proleg of third abdominal segment. 78. Idem, left proleg of last abdominal segment. 79. Third instar, left proleg of third abdominal segment. 80. Idem, left proleg of last abdominal segment. 81. Fourth instar, left proleg of third abdominal segment. 82. Idem, left proleg of last abdominal segment.

FIGURES 39–51. C in Immature stages of Calycopis bellera (Hewitson) and C. janeirica (Felder) (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Theclinae, Eumaeini): Taxonomic significance and new evidence for detritivory

FIGURES 39–51. C. janeirica, egg and larva. 39. Newly laid eggs, dorsal view. 40. Mature egg, dorsal view. 41. Newly hatched larva lateral, dorsal view. 42. Idem, lateral view. 43. First instar after feeding on artificial diet, dorsal view. 44. First instar preparing to molting, lateral view. 45. Second instar, dorsal view. 46. Third instar, dorsal view. 47. Idem, lateral view. 48. Fourth instar, dorsal view. 49. Idem, dorso-lateral view. 50. Idem, preparing to pupate, dorso-lateral view. 51. Idem, lateral view.

FIGURES 69–74. C in Immature stages of Calycopis bellera (Hewitson) and C. janeirica (Felder) (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Theclinae, Eumaeini): Taxonomic significance and new evidence for detritivory

FIGURES 69–74. C. janeirica, scanning electron microscopy of larva (left mandible). 69. First instar, external view. 70. Idem, internal view. 71. Idem, two mandibular setae, ventral view. 72. Second instar, internal view. 73. Fourth instar, three mandibular setae, ventral view. 74. Detail of the third seta present only on the last larval instar.

FIGURES 52–59. C. janeirica, pupa. 52. After molting, dorsal view. 53. Idem, lateral view. 54. After 24 hours, dorsal view. 55. Idem, lateral view. 56 in Immature stages of Calycopis bellera (Hewitson) and C. janeirica (Felder) (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Theclinae, Eumaeini): Taxonomic significance and new evidence for detritivory

FIGURES 52–59. C. janeirica, pupa. 52. After molting, dorsal view. 53. Idem, lateral view. 54. After 24 hours, dorsal view. 55. Idem, lateral view. 56. At middle of pupal stage (specimen with few dark brown maculae), dorsal view. 57. Idem, lateral view. 58. Idem, ventral view (it is already possible to see the imago's eyes). 59. At end of pupal stage (one day after of this picture adult emerged), ventral view.

FIGURES 31–38. C in Immature stages of Calycopis bellera (Hewitson) and C. janeirica (Felder) (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Theclinae, Eumaeini): Taxonomic significance and new evidence for detritivory

FIGURES 31–38. C. bellera, scanning electron microscopy of larva (prolegs). 31. First instar, left proleg of third abdominal segment (uniordinal crochets in uniserial mesoseries). 32. Idem, left proleg of last abdominal segment. 33. Second instar, left proleg of third abdominal segment. 34. Idem, left proleg of last abdominal segment. 35. Third instar, left proleg of third abdominal segment. 36. Idem, left proleg of last abdominal segment. 37. Fourth instar, left proleg of third abdominal segment. 38. Idem, left proleg of last abdominal segment.