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1,610 results for “ratio”
Density dependence of clutch size and offspring sex ratio in starling colonies
<p><span>Optimal life-history theory predicts that individuals should adjust both the number and the sex of their offspring to maximize fitness in response to environmental and social factors such as breeding density. While reductions in optimal clutch size are well-studied in birds, the evidence for sex ratio adjustments is still equivocal and, so far, we lack a thorough understanding of how these strategies interact to maximize fitness. Here, we investigate how breeding density simultaneously affects brood sex ratio and clutch size in a sexually dimorphic and polygynous bird. We tested the prediction that mothers breeding at a higher density lay smaller clutches and overproduce daughters, the sex with less variable fitness returns and that disperses further away from their natal territory. We distributed nest boxes at either a high (HD) or a low density (LD) and monitored clutch sizes and sex ratios during five years in a wild breeding colony of spotless starlings. While mothers breeding in HD nests produced more daughters than those breeding in LD nests, the density dependence of clutch size varied among years, with a tendency to lay smaller clutches in HD nests. Our results suggest that mothers consistently adjust offspring sex ratio in response to breeding density, whereas adjustments in clutch size varied in a more complex way. These results support the role of sex allocation strategies in response to density and show that further theoretical and empirical research is required to understand the interaction between clutch size and sex ratio adjustments in animals.</span></p>
FIGURE. Umbellules within four populations of Sanicula orthacantha, showing the fruits characters and the variation in numbers of staminate flowers (each line represents a plant individual). The ratio of staminate flowers number/ umbellule number is given for each individual. A. China, Hubei, Xuan'en, Qizimei Mountain, H.M. Li, Y.M. Yi & Y.S. Zhang 1077 (NAS). B. China, Jiangxi, Jiujiang, Lushan, H.M. Li, Y.S. Zhang & Y. Xu 1109 (NAS). C. China, Chongqing, Nanchuan, Jinfo Shan, H.M. Li, Y.S. Zhang & X. Zhang 1141 (NAS). D. China, Sichuan, Emei Shan, H.M. Li & Y.S. Zhang 1157 (NAS). All same scale. in Taxonomic studies on the genus Sanicula (Apiaceae) from China ( ): The clarification of some morphological distinction between S. orthacantha var. orthacantha and S. orthacantha var. brevispina, with the reduction of S. petagnioides to the synonymy of the former, and S. orthacantha var. stolonifera to
FIGURE. Umbellules within four populations of Sanicula orthacantha, showing the fruits characters and the variation in numbers of staminate flowers (each line represents a plant individual). The ratio of staminate flowers number/ umbellule number is given for each individual. A. China, Hubei, Xuan'en, Qizimei Mountain, H.M. Li, Y.M. Yi & Y.S. Zhang 1077 (NAS). B. China, Jiangxi, Jiujiang, Lushan, H.M. Li, Y.S. Zhang & Y. Xu 1109 (NAS). C. China, Chongqing, Nanchuan, Jinfo Shan, H.M. Li, Y.S. Zhang & X. Zhang 1141 (NAS). D. China, Sichuan, Emei Shan, H.M. Li & Y.S. Zhang 1157 (NAS). All same scale.
FIGURE. Umbellules within two populations of Sanicula orthacantha var. brevispina from China, Sichuan, Emei Shan, showing the fruits characters and the variation in numbers of staminate flowers (each line represents a plant individual). The ratio of staminate flowers number/ umbellule number is given for each individual. A. C.H. Li 1122 (NAS). B. H.M. Li & Y.S. Zhang 1151 (NAS). in Taxonomic studies on the genus Sanicula (Apiaceae) from China ( ): The clarification of some morphological distinction between S. orthacantha var. orthacantha and S. orthacantha var. brevispina, with the reduction of S. petagnioides to the synonymy of the former, and S. orthacantha var. stolonifera to
FIGURE. Umbellules within two populations of Sanicula orthacantha var. brevispina from China, Sichuan, Emei Shan, showing the fruits characters and the variation in numbers of staminate flowers (each line represents a plant individual). The ratio of staminate flowers number/ umbellule number is given for each individual. A. C.H. Li 1122 (NAS). B. H.M. Li & Y.S. Zhang 1151 (NAS).
Extreme Poisson's Ratios Recorded In The Secondary Phloem Of Malvaceae (online data)
<p>This zip file contains two dataset (in xl format), namely the experimental results and the parametric study in relation to the published article</p>
Nitrogen isotope ratios of nitrate, ammonium, and amino acids in sinking particles in the Northwestern North Pacific
<p>The database includes sample information and nitrogen isotope measurements of nitrate, ammonium, and amino acids in sinking particles in the Northwestern North Pacific. The sinking particles were collected in sediment traps moored at depths of 200, 500, and 4,810 m at station K2 (47°N, 160°E; water depth, ~5,200 m). The seawater was sampled with a plastic bucket for the surface and Niskin-X sampling bottles for water below the surface at stations K2 and KNOT (44°N, 155°E). The model package of a 1D nitrogen isotope model includes model source code written in Fortran 90, forcing, and initial condition at station K2.</p>
Supplementary Data for "The phosphorus budget of the silicate Earth based on an updated estimate of P/Nd ratio".
<p>Supplementary data tables for Ma et al. (2022) associated with the paper entitled "The phosphorus budget of the silicate Earth based on an updated estimate of P/Nd ratio".</p>
Operational sex ratio predicts the opportunity and direction of sexual selection across animals
<p>The operational sex ratio (OSR) has long been assumed to be a key ecological factor determining the opportunity and direction of sexual selection. However, recent theoretical work has challenged this view, arguing that a biased OSR does not necessarily result in greater monopolisation of mates and therefore stronger sexual selection in the mate-limited sex. Hence, the role of the OSR for shaping animal mating systems remains a conundrum in sexual selection research. Here we took a meta-analytic approach to test whether OSR explains interspecific variation in sexual selec- tion metrics across a broad range of animal taxa. Our results demonstrate that the OSR predicts the opportunity for sexual selection in males and the direction of sexual selection in terms of sex differences in both the opportunity for sexual selection and the Bateman gradient (i.e. the selection differential of mating success), as predicted by classic theory.</p>
Determining sugar and molasses origin by non-exchangeable hydrogen stable isotope of ethanol and carbon isotope ratio mass spectrometry
<p>This study explores the differentiation of sugar and molasses produced from sugar beet and cane, which are susceptible to fraudulent labeling due to differing production costs. The research aimed to authenticate these products by botanical origin using novel analytical techniques. Utilizing ethanol isotopic measurement–isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) for non-exchangeable hydrogen stable isotopes alongside carbon stable isotopes analysis through elemental analyzer–IRMS, the study accurately identified the origin of various sugar and molasses samples, pinpointed mislabeled goods, and determined the source of products with previously unknown provenance. These methods were also effective in revealing sugar and molasses adulteration and quantifying the extent of such fraud. The combined isotope analyses demonstrated their potential as robust tools for combating misrepresentation and adulteration in the sugar industry.</p>
Equilibrium chemical composition of impact-produced hot cloud during isentropic expansion. The initial temperature T0 is 4000 K, the initial pressure P0 is 5, 20, and 80 bar. Calculations are performed using the EQL program. Abundances of considered species are presented in molar fractions.The elemental composition of impact-produced cloud is taken as a mixture of CI chondrite, mare basalts, and ferroan anorthosite with a ratio of 1:25:25 by mass as in Berezhnoy (2013).
<p>Considered species include ions, neutral gas-phase species, and condensates. Ions are written as ...(+) (for example, Al(+)). Condensates (solids and liquids) are written as ...(c) or ...(c;...). Examples of condensates are Al2O3(c) and Al2O3(c; gamma). For species marked in theirs names as (cr, l) in Gurvich et al. (1989) (for example, Al2O3(cr, l)) it is possible to determine a state of matter (liquid or solid). The content of studied species is 0 if the relative molar fraction is less than 1e-21. </p> <p>The elemental composition of impact-produced cloud is taken as a mixture of CI chondrite, mare basalts, and ferroan anorthosite with a ratio of 1:25:25 by mass as in Berezhnoy (2013). </p> <p>Calculations of the equilibrium chemical composition of impact-produced clouds were performed starting from an initial temperature of 4000 K at different initial pressures of 5, 20, and 80 bar, corresponding to entropies equal to 7.2, 5.56, and 4.25 kJ / (kg×K), respectively. </p> <p>Berezhnoy, A.A., 2013. Chemistry of impact events on the Moon. Icarus 226, 205-211.</p> <p>Gurvich L.V., Veitz I.V. et al. Thermodynamic properties of individual substances. Fourth edition in 5 volumes. Hemisphere Pub Co. New York-London, 1989.</p>
The Impact of Feed-Solvent Ratio on Contella Asiatica Extraction Using Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE)
<div>This material has presented on 2nd International Conference on Advance Research in Agriculture and Food 2023 in October 25, 2023.</div>
Dataset and code for 'Signal to Noise Ratio and Spectral Sampling Constraints on Olivine Detection and Compositional Determination in the Intermediate Infrared Region'
<p>Feature fitting code and spectra of olivine samples used in paper "<em>Signal to Noise Ratio and Spectral Sampling Constraints on Olivine Detection and Compositional Determination in the Intermediate Infrared Region: Applications in Planetary Sciences</em>"</p>
Dataset - Estimation of alginate purity and M/G ratio by methanolysis coupled with anion exchange chromatography
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Stable isotope ratios data of NEREA Augmented Observatory
<p>Samples were collected at 1m depth or along the whole water column using Niskin bottles and plankton nets, transferred into bins or jars and transported to the laboratory, where the individual size fractions were isolated. For each size fraction, samples were frozen and freeze-dried individually. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values (‰) were determined at the Stable Isotope Facility at the University of california in Davis (USA).</p>
Data for J-PLUS: Beyond spectroscopy III. Stellar parameters and elemental-abundance ratios for five million stars from DR3
<p>The table contains stellar atmospehric parameters (Teff, logg, [Fe/H]), luminosity classification, element abundance ratios ([C/Fe], [Mg/Fe] and [alpha/Fe]), distance and age for over five million stars derived using J-PLUS DR3 + Gaia EDR3.</p><p>It includes the following parameters:</p><p>ra: Right Ascension from J-PLUS DR3 (J2000)</p><p>dec: Declination from J-PLUS DR3 (J2000)</p><p>gl: Galactic longitude derived from ICRS coordinates</p><p>gb: Galactic latitude derived from ICRS coordinates</p><p>mag[12]: Magnitudes of J-PLUS twelve bands (r, g, i, z, u, J0378, J0395, J0410, J0430, J0515, J0660, J0861)</p><p>err_mag[12]&Uncertainties of magnitudes of J-PLUS twelve bands (r, g, i, z, u, J0378, J0395, J0410, J0430, J0515, J0660, J0861)</p><p>gp1/rp1/ip1: Magnitudes from Pan-STARRS1</p><p>err_gp1/rp1/ip1: Uncertainties of magnitudes from Pan-STARRS1</p><p>G/BP/RP: Magnitudes for the Gaia three bands from EDR3; note G represents a calibration-corrected G magnitude</p><p>err_G/BP/RP: Uncertainties of magnitudes for the three Gaia bands from EDR3</p><p>ebv_sfd: Value of E(B - V) from the extinction map of SFD98, corrected for a 14% systematic</p><p>[Fe/H]: Photometric metallicity</p><p>err_[Fe/H]: Uncertainty of photometric metallicity</p><p>flg_[Fe/H]: Quality flag of [Fe/H]</p><p>[C/Fe]: Photometric carbon-to-iron abundance ratio</p><p>err_[C/Fe]:Uncertainty of photometric carbon-to-iron abundance ratio</p><p>flg_[C/Fe]: Quality flag of [C/Fe]</p><p>[Mg/Fe]: Photometric magnesium-to-iron abundance ratio</p><p>err_[Mg/Fe]: Uncertainty of photometric magnesium-to-iron abundance ratio</p><p>flg_[Mg/Fe]: Quality flag of [Mg/Fe]</p><p>[alpha/Fe]: Photometric alpha-to-iron abundance ratio</p><p>err_[alpha/Fe]: Uncertainty of photometric alpha-to-iron abundance ratio</p><p>flg_[alpha/Fe]: Quality flag of [alpha/Fe]</p><p>Teff: Effective temperature</p><p>err_Teff: Uncertainty of effective temperature</p><p>logg: Surface gravity</p><p>err_logg: Uncertainty of surface gravity</p><p>dist: Distance </p><p>err_dist: Uncertainty of distance</p><p>flg_dist: Flag to indicate the method used to derive distance, which takes the values ``parallax", ``CMF", and ``NO"</p><p>age: Stellar age</p><p>err_age: Uncertainty of stellar age</p><p>rv: Radial velocity</p><p>err_rv: Uncertainty of radial velocity</p><p>flg_rv: Flag to indicate the source of radial velocity, which takes the values ``GALAH", ``APOGEE'', ``Gaia",``RAVE", ``LAMOST", ``SEGUE"</p><p>parallax: Parallax from {it Gaia} EDR3</p><p>err_parallax: Uncertainty of parallax from {it Gaia} EDR3</p><p>pmra: Proper motion in Right Ascension direction from Gaia EDR3</p><p>err_pmra: Uncertainty of proper motion in Right Ascension direction from Gaia EDR3</p><p>pmdec: Proper motion in Declination direction from Gaia EDR3</p><p>err_pmdec&Uncertainty of proper motion in Declination direction from Gaia EDR3</p><p>ruwe: Renormalised unit weight error from Gaia EDR3</p><p>type: Flag to indicate classifications of stars, which takes the values ``dwarf" and ``giant" </p><p>subtype: Flag to indicate further sub-classifications of dwarf stars, which takes the values ``TO", ``MS" and ``Binary"</p>
The influence of Cu/Na concentration ratio, pH and ionic strength on the spectral induced polarization signature of saturated silica sand
<p>The file contains the complete spectra of real conductivity, quadrature conductivity and phase for each of the 25 samples. The data are first divided by set and then combined.</p>
Berger POPC/POPE (50:50 ratio) MD simulation (300 K - 400ns - 1 bar)
<p>Berger POPC/POPE (50:50 ratio) bilayer simulation (300 K, with 128 POPC and 128 POPE lipids fully hydrated with 43 water molecules per lipid). The trajectory contains the whole simulation from 0 to 400 ns skipped every 100 ps and centered on the P atoms. No ions were added as there is no global net charge in the system. This bilayer was used to calculate the order parameter and the area per lipid for the NMRlipids IV project (on the time window 100-300 ns).<br> It should be noted that for this specific simulation, using PE lipids, the Berger forcefield was modified to add a repulsive potential onto the ethanolamine hydrogens.</p> <p> </p>
Berger POPC/DOPE (50:50 ratio) MD simulation (300 K - 300ns - 1 bar)
<p>Berger POPC/DOPE (50:50 ratio) bilayer simulation (300 K, with 128 POPC and 128 DOPE lipids fully hydrated with 40 water molecules per lipid). The trajectory contains the whole simulation from 0 to 300 ns skipped every 100 ps and centered on the P atoms. No ions were added as there is no global net charge in the system. This bilayer was used to calculate the order parameter and the area per lipid for the NMRlipids IV project (on the time window 100-300 ns).<br> It should be noted that for this specific simulation, using PE lipids, the Berger forcefield was modified to add a repulsive potential onto the ethanolamine hydrogens.</p> <p> </p>
Berger DOPC/DOPE (50:50 ratio) MD simulation (300 K - 300ns - 1 bar)
<p>Berger DOPC/DOPE (50:50 ratio) bilayer simulation (300 K, with 128 DOPC and 128 DOPE lipids fully hydrated with 43 water molecules per lipid). The trajectory contains the whole simulation from 0 to 300 ns skipped every 100 ps and centered on the P atoms. No ions were added as there is no global net charge in the system. This bilayer was used to calculate the order parameter and the area per lipid for the NMRlipids IV project (on the time window 100-300 ns).<br> It should be noted that for this specific simulation, using PE lipids, the Berger forcefield was modified to add a repulsive potential onto the ethanolamine hydrogens.</p> <p> </p>
Waveform data for Gravitational waveforms for high spin and high mass-ratio binary black holes: A synergistic use of numerical-relativity codes
<p>This dataset consists of binary black hole waveforms for three different configurations</p> <p>* q=3, chi1=chi2=0.9<br> * q=4, chi1=chi2=0.9<br> * q=5, chi1=chi2=0.9</p> <p>where q = m1/m2 is the ratio of the black hole masses, and chi1 and chi2 are the dimensionless spins of the black holes, oriented parallel to and in the direction of the orbital angular momentum.</p> <p>The waveforms are computed using the 3-dimensional numerical relativity simulation codes</p> <p> SpEC (SPectral Einstein Code -- https://www.black-holes.org/code/SpEC.html)<br> ET (Einstein Toolkit -- https://einsteintoolkit.org)</p> <p>SpEC is computationally efficient and accurate, and produces long waveforms, but in these cases, the simulations crash at the merger. The ET is less computationally efficient and accurate, but the simulations complete successfully. We therefore combine long SpEC inspirals with short ET mergers, blending the waveforms to produce hybrid waveforms.</p> <p>The waveform data directories are named as follows:</p> <p>q=3,chi1=chi2=0.9:<br> SpEC: q3_0.9_0.9_r200<br> ET: ceas_22_e5_2<br> Hybrid: q3_0.9_0.9_r200_hyb_ceas_22_e5_2</p> <p>q=4,chi1=chi2=0.9:<br> SpEC: q4_0.9_0.9_EccNew<br> ET: ceas_20_5_e7<br> Hybrid: q4_0.9_0.9_EccNew_hyb_ceas_20_5_e7</p> <p>q=5,chi1=chi2=0.9:<br> SpEC: q5.0_s0_0_0.9_s0_0_0.9_r200<br> ET: ceas_23_e5_2<br> Hybrid: q5.0_s0_0_0.9_s0_0_0.9_r200_hyb_ceas_23_e5_2</p> <p>The data is in the SXS simulation format (https://data.black-holes.org/waveforms/documentation.html), though only a subset of the SXS-format data is present.</p> <p>Also included is a Mathematica notebook, HybridizeWaveforms.nb, showing how the hybrid can be computed from the separate inspiral and merger waveforms using the open source SimulationTools code (https://simulationtools.org).</p> <p>See the paper</p> <p> I. Hinder, S. Ossokine, H. Pfeiffer and A. Buonanno -- Gravitational waveforms for high spin and high mass-ratio binary black holes: A synergistic use of numerical-relativity codes</p> <p>for more details.</p>
The emission ratios of 630/1P, 630/762, 762/1P obtained from Kuo et al. (2008) and the SPARTAN code
<p>The avairable variables in Matlab data format<br> From results of Kuo et al. (2008)<br> kuo_K: Temperature (K)<br> kuo_r_630by1P: ratio of 630 to N2 1P<br> kuo_r_762by1P: ratio of 762 to N2 1P<br> kuo_r_630by762: ratio of 630 to 762<br> From results of SPARTAN code<br> SPARTAN_K: Temperature (K)<br> SPARTAN_r_630by1P: ratio of 630 to N2 1P<br> SPARTAN_r_762by1P: ratio of 762 to N2 1P<br> SPARTAN_r_630by762: ratio of 630 to 762</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.